Dairy Farm Mechanization Project

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 SHORT ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF AGROFIRMA PROGRESS LLC

1.1 Natural and climatic characteristics of the economy

1.2 Characteristics of agricultural production

1.3 Condition of working conditions in the economy

2 PROCESS PART

2.1 Justification of the designed technology

2.2. Calculation of farm master plan

2.3 Calculation of process lines (PTL)

2.4 Maintenance of farm machinery and equipment

2.5 Development of Job Instruction

2.6 Labour Organization

3 DESIGN PART

3.1 Purpose and device of piston unit installation for

manure movements

3.2 Process calculation

3.3 Strength calculations

3.4 Plant Safety Regulations

4 LIFE SAFETY

4.1 Individual Protective Equipment

4.2 Sanitary conditions

4.3 Fire Fighting Equipment

4.4 Lightning protection

Ecological safety of the designed farm

5 BUSINESS CASE FOR THE PROJECT

5.1 Labor Costs

5.2 Production Productivity

5.3 Cost Savings for Maintenance of Fixed Assets

5.4 Cost Savings

5.5 Capital investments and their effectiveness

5.6 Profitability of production

5.7 Fund Utilization Efficiency

5.8 Energy consumption of processes

5.9 Energy and Electric Weapons of Labor

5.10 Level of production mechanization

5.11 Metal consumption of processes

CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS

Literature

Summary

Topic: Mechanization of the dairy farm LLC Agrofirma Progress of the Labinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory.

Department "Machines and Technologies in Animal Husbandry"

Diploma -

Manager -

Year of Implementation - 2008

The diploma project consists of 5 main sections of the calculation and explanatory note on 83 pages of the A4 format of typewritten text and 9 sheets of the graphic part of the A1 format.

The project includes the following sections:

1. A brief analysis of the economic activities of Progress Agrofirms LLC.

2. Process part (area calculation, process lines, maintenance)

3. Design part (design justification, calculations, operation issues and feasibility study).

4. Belarusian Railways in production and environmental issues

5. Economic justification of the project.

The project contains conclusions and proposals, a list of used literary sources.

Introduction

Animal husbandry plays, and will play an important role in human life, since it, along with crop production, is the main supplier of food.

But the difficult economic situation in the country in recent years has greatly affected agriculture, and the livestock industry in particular. The destruction of old economic ties, the instability of price policies, the rise in the cost of the feed base, as well as the low level of technicality of production led to the fact that the livestock industry became unprofitable.

The number of livestock has sharply decreased, breeding work has ceased, livestock production is shifting towards personal subsidiary farms with limited feed and human resources. This is accompanied by a decrease in animal productivity and an increase in the cost of livestock production.

It is known that the lower the cost of production, the more mechanized and automated production, which is possible only on large farms and livestock complexes. Moreover, it is clear that only large livestock enterprises will be able to fully and more evenly supply processing enterprises with high-quality raw materials. Thus, for the cost-effective production of livestock products, it is necessary to develop existing large farms by mechanizing and automating production as much as possible, so that livestock products have high quality at a relatively low cost.

This diploma project aims to develop a mechanized technology for maintaining milking herd with the development of a plant for mechanizing the process of transporting manure to the manure storage.

2. process part

2.1. justification of the designed technology

The dairy farm includes four cows for 200 cows each and a maternity ward for 75 cows with a calf. The content of cows is tethered, in stalls located in the longitudinal direction in four rows. This method of maintaining milking herds creates more opportunities for organizing standardized feeding of cows and taking into account individual features when milking, which contributes to obtaining higher dairy productivity from them than with unrelated maintenance, and reducing by 8... 10% the cost of feed per unit of production.

Feed is distributed twice a day by KTU10A mobile feed distributors. For singing cows, individual PA1A autopolics are used. Milking of cows is carried out twice a day using ADM8 milking plants. The maternity ward is milked three times with a DAS2B milking plant. Manure harvesting in cows is carried out by TSN160 scraper conveyors, and in the calf - US-15. In manure storage manure is transported by tractor trailers 2PTC4.

Ventilation of rooms is natural and artificial. In the cold season, the air entering the premises is heated in the plenum ventilation chambers. Exhaust of contaminated air is carried out through window and door openings, and in the dark - artificial with the help of "Universal" lamps.

The farm uses an in-store animal maintenance system. In this regard, specialized workshops are being created on the farm: calving, milk production and dry cows, in which workers are engaged in the same type of work, which allows increasing the productivity of the pond and improving the quality of work.

The shop of the hotel (maternity ward) includes the prenatal and postnatal sectors with stalls for tying animals, as well as a maternity ward equipped with denniks for the hotel. Cows are transferred to the maternity ward 10 days before calving. A day before the hotel, they are placed in individual diaries, where they are kept after the calving for another day. After calving, the cows in the maternity ward are kept for 10 days and then transferred to the milk production shop. Calves are placed in a prophylaxis. During the prophylactic period, calves are kept in individual cells on a straw bedding. All cells are equipped with lamps for ultraviolet irradiation of calves. At the end of the preventive period (the first 5... 7 days), calves are transferred to group cells by 5... 6 heads. A month later, calves are transferred to group cells on 18... 20 heads. Calves are drank with milk using an UVT unit.

Upon reaching the age of six months, only repair young animals are left on the farm, and the rest of the calves are transferred to a feedlot.

Calves older than six months are fed with feeds of the same type as those on which the feed is distributed. They are contained in groups of 25... 30 heads. Inseminate calves at the age of 16... 18 months after they reach live mass 320... 330 kg.

Neteley 5... 6 months old begin to prepare for the hotel. To do this, feeding is used, which is as close as possible to feeding milking cows, massaging udder and training in milking.

2.2. calculation of the farm master plan

The dairy farm will be located on the northwestern outskirts of the village. This area meets production and sanitary and hygienic requirements. It is located below the settlement and water intake facilities, a distance of 500 m from the transit road. The direction of the prevailing winds runs from the village to the farm.

The area under the farm is flat with a slight slope from the north side to the south. The slope will ensure the removal of rainwater and meltwater. The area of ​ ​ the farm is planned to be isolated from the surrounding territory by a strip of plantations of trees and shrubs. All entrances and exits to the yerma are equipped with desbariers.

Near the section there is a line of central water supply

Conclusions and proposals

Analyzing the results of the diploma project, we come to the conclusion that the complex mechanization of technological processes for the care of animals on the designed farm, in comparison with a similar dairy farm, allowed to increase labor productivity, the level of mechanization and at the same time reduce the number of farm workers by two people.

The increase in animal productivity was the result of the use of a better feeding diet and the creation of the necessary microclimate in the production premises. On dairy farms, there is no heating, which leads to a decrease in animal productivity in the winter.

Using the ADM8A milking plant on the designed farm made it possible to reduce labor costs and increase labor productivity, compared to the dairy farm of the farm where the DAS2B milking plant is used.

The proposed piston unit is structurally simpler than similar ones produced by the industry and does not require scarce materials for its manufacture.

Thus, to achieve indicators on the dairy farm, such as on the designed farm, additional capital investments are required, the payback period of which will be 0.84 years.