Commercial center on the street. Freedom Square in Engels - AR

Contents

Introduction - 3 -

Brief description of the building for design. - 4 -

Description of the functional process, functional diagram of the building. - 5 -

Description of plot plan of the site. - 6 -

Description of space-planning solution and architectural-composite solution. - 7 -

Substantiation of the architectural and compositional solution. - 8 -

Description of the adopted constructive solution. - 9 -

1. Bases. - 9 -

2. Blind area. - 9 -

3. External walls. - 10 -

4. Internal walls. - 10 -

5. Crossing points. - 10 -

6. Windows. - 10 -

7. Doors. - 11 -

8. Partitions. - 12 -

9. Floors. - 12 -

10. Ladders. - 13 -

11. Overlappings. - 13 -

12. Coverings. - 14 -

Color solution of the interior. External and internal finishing works. - 15 -

External and internal finishing works - 15 -

Common color solution - 15 -

Lighting engineering calculation. Visibility conditions. - 16 -

Literature used - 17 -

Introduction

Currently, the architecture is characterized by radical changes in the field of urban planning, caused by the modern requirements of scientific and technological progress. Increasing attention is paid to cultural and everyday services, improving the architectural and artistic qualities of development and developing individual features.

Many buildings of previous years do not meet all modern requirements. Therefore, a characteristic feature of urban planning is reconstruction measures related to the requirements of rapidly growing new technologies.

Over the past few years, existing types of large public buildings have been improved. Architects also do a lot of work in designing new types of structures.

In this project, a commercial center has been developed.

Brief description of the building for design.

The place of construction of the complex is the city of Engels.

The site allocated for the construction of the building is located in Engels and is free from development. The relief of the section is calm, the absolute elevations within the withdrawn section vary from 89.5 to 92.5 m.

In accordance with the data of engineering and geological surveys, the base for the foundations is refractory loam. Engineering and geological conditions are normal.

The standard freezing depth is 1.5 m.

Groundwater is located at a distance of 3.05 m from the surface of the earth. Groundwater in chemical composition is not aggressive to concrete of normal density.

The project is a three-story building with basement and attic floors 16.7 m high. The building belongs to class 2, it is rectangular in plan with dimensions in coordinate axes of 3004017840 mm. Building with five entrances, area limited by gutters. The project was developed for construction in 2 and 3 climatic zones for the normal humidity zone, excluding permafrost zones. In terms of fire resistance, the building belongs to the second degree. In terms of durability - to the first degree. According to SNiP 2.01.0182 in the construction area - Saratov - outdoor air temperature - 30C, standard snow load - 150 kg/m 2, and wind pressure - 30 kg/m2. The average monthly temperature of the coldest month is 15C, the hottest + 26.1C. The average wind speeds in the development zone in January are 4.7 m/s, in July 2.8 m/s, the wet-climatic characteristic is dry.

Description of the functional process, functional diagram of the building.

The main factor in the space-planning solution of public buildings is the functional purpose, that is, what the building is built for.

A commercial centre is a single-function public building, i.e. a building in which the functional process cannot be changed for a day or longer.

• The first principle of functional organization of internal space: identification of relationships between individual rooms while maintaining their clear distinction.

• The second principle is the desire to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of a person during the operation of this building.

• The third principle space intended for a person must have artistic properties and be built according to the laws of beauty.

Description of plot plan of the site.

The plot allocated for the construction of the cottage is located in Engels S = 1608m2. The relief of the site is calm, which proves the elevations of the contours on the master plan.

Technical and economic indicators:

Total area of building premises - S = 2337.3 m2

development area - 453.89m2

landscaping area - 4251.87m2

asphalt area - 3576.7m2

The selected site for construction meets all sanitary standards and fire safety requirements according to GOST. The building is oriented by the main facade to the southwest. According to SNiP 2.01.0182, the dominant winds in Saratov in the autumn-winter period are in the south-west direction and at a speed of 2.4 m/s, in the spring-summer period - in the north-west direction at a speed of 1.8 m/s .

The relief organization plan has been decided in the design elevations taking into account the existing planning and improvement. Water runoff is organized into a reduced part of the relief.

Advantages of building location in this location:

There are no leisure places nearby.

This site has long been empty.

Proximity of public transport stops.

Description of space-planning solution and architectural-composite solution.

The development of a space-planning solution is an important stage of design and is based on versatile requirements: functional, physical, structural, architectural, artistic and economic. The selection of a volume planning solution is determined by the following factors:

- a functional process and its composition; parameters, requirements and their grouping, relationships with conditions of unification of planning and structural elements;

- Urban planning and climatic factors, including features of the terrain, surrounding development, as well as landscape and other characteristics of the terrain;

- structural features of the designed building, related to the size of the building spans, height and other geometric parameters, material of load-bearing and enclosing structures;

- architectural and artistic tasks in connection with the social content and significance of the designed building;

- cost-effectiveness of space-planning and structural solution, as well as erection of functional and technical operation of the building.

The project is a three-story building with basement and attic floors. The building has five entrances, one of which is located on the side of the main facade, the trading room and office premises are oriented to the solar side. The architectural and compositional solution of a public building is based on the use of a variety of rhythmic and plastic structures corresponding to its structure. The expressiveness of the asymmetry of the building, as well as the selection of parts of the facade, different texture and the color of the surfaces, corresponds to the compositional structure of the building. The building is asymmetric. The color composition of the appearance of the building is achieved by combining the color of the roof and basement, lined with natural stone tiles, which betrays the appearance of the architectural completeness. The perception of architectural space is also affected by color. Warm bed tones are used as color. One means of enriching the composition is latitudinal, which gives special expressiveness to the relief of the architectural volume.

Substantiation of the architectural and compositional solution.

The substantiation of the architectural and composite solution is largely determined by the objectives of the structure as well as the connection with the environment.

The commercial center - a public building - involves an appropriate architectural solution. The architectural solution is based on the spaciousness of the building and the best use of the territory, as well as a combination with existing buildings. The composite solution of the facade part of the building is also determined. This is the maximum use of natural light in summer due to the many window openings. In order to eliminate the serious consequences of blizzards in winter, the height of the walls of the building and its roof are determined by permissible standards.

Description of the adopted constructive solution.

1. Bases.

During the construction of the building, raw thread foundations are used, the use of which allows you to carry out work with a high degree of mechanization and at a fast pace. Foundations are assembled from slabs and blocks and serve as the basis for structural walls. Slabs form lower, widened part of foundation. They are formed by grids located at the bottom of the floor from rods of a periodic profile with a protective layer of concrete of 30 mm below and 50 mm along the perimeter and are formed from concrete of grade 150. Sling loops made of rods with a diameter of 10 mm are inserted into working rods of grids and attached to them. Foundation blocks are formed of 100 grade concrete with 20 mm mounting seam. Sling loops made of 10 mm rods are recessed in face clips.

Foundation slabs of FL12.24 grade are used for longitudinal and transverse bearing walls of the building. To protect the premises of the first floor from capillary penetration of moisture into them in buildings without a basement, a horizontal waterproofing layer consisting of two layers of toll is mandatory. This layer is 20 mm above the elevation and 20 mm below the elevation of the first floor field.

Foundation blocks of FBS 9.6.6.

key is filled with concrete

class B20,

2-niche slinging loop

2. Blind area.

A waterproof pavement is arranged along the perimeter of the building, which serves to divert surface water from the building. It is 75 cm wide with a slope of 3% from the building.

cement-sand mortar

crushed stone

compacted soil

3. External walls.

The external walls of the building are built of bricks measuring 65x120x250. To ensure labor productivity, continuous masonry of brick walls is made of six-row - five spoon and one dressing stamen row. External walls are 480 mm wide along the entire perimeter of the building with internal insulation. The thickness of the horizontal masonry seam is 10 mm, the vertical seam is 10 mm.

4. Internal walls.

Internal walls are carried out from a continuous brick of 65х120х250 in size 360 mm thick taking into account solution. Some internal walls are 100 mm wide for design reasons. Inner walls are made adjoining.

5. Crossing points.

Openings for the installation of window and door blocks are assigned in accordance with the space planning solution of the building. For convenience of installation and reduction of cold air infiltration, laying of spacers between openings is performed with quarter-projections of outer row of masonry towards reception by quarter of brick length, i.e. by 62.5 mm. The surface of the opening is covered with prefabricated reinforced concrete bridges, the section of which is assigned in accordance with the width of the reception and static functions of the wall.

6. Windows.

Windows are a translucent element of the building fence. They are used for natural lighting and ventilation. The windows in the building are applied plastic with two separate bindings. The window unit consists of their box having a composite section, with swing bindings suspended in them on loops. The box is fixed with nails clogged into unsent boxes located two pieces in the side faces of the window. The gaps formed between the box and the wall are sealed with packs and covered with plaster. Sashes of window flights are framed by bindings. 4 mm thick glass is installed in the folds of the bindings. They are fixed along the perimeter with staples with an elastic gasket. From the inside, the bottom face of the window opening located in front of it is covered with window sills.

The windowboard is made of wood. It goes into the slot of the window box and ends in the wall. Outside, the lower face of the window opening is covered with an apron cast with cement mortar, made of galvanized roofing steel. The longitudinal edge of the apron is inserted into the edge of the box (slot), and the side edges are cast upwards to avoid moistening the corners of the opening. When designing, the size and shape of windows are slightly different from typical ones. They are made individual and are installed based on the necessary illumination of the premises and the architectural composition of the facade.

7. Doors.

Similar to windows, the door consists of a box and flap webs opening to one side. A door encloses an opening that links spaces. The thickness of the door panels is accepted for external walls 53 mm, for internal walls 30 mm. External doors are used for DN 2419 grades. Internal brands DG 2110, deaf. Some internal doors are glazed. The direction of door opening is generally determined by the unhindered evacuation from the premises.

The seal of the narthex, essential for the heat, sound and smoke protection of the enclosed opening, is provided by elastic gaskets, which are glued in single-floor doors in the vertical plane in the quarters of the box, in double-floor doors in the same way in the quarters of the narthex of the canvases.

For glazing of webs 6 mm thick glass is used. Glass slots are framed with wooden layouts and sealed with rubber gaskets.

Door webs 2.07 m high are hung on two hinges, external (2.07 m high) on 3 hinges. Locks and door handles are installed at a height of 1 m from the floor level.

Shock absorbers made of sponge rubber are installed between them and the box to protect the webs and glazing from impact. When installing door boxes, the slits are canned with pacley wetted in gypsum solution and covered with platbands.

8. Partitions.

Partitions separate separate rooms. Partitions shall provide the required sound insulation. The building used gypsum concrete partitions, double with a soundproofing air layer. Panel thickness 120 mm; the height is 50 mm higher than the height of the room. Slinging loops without rods of 6 mm diameter pass through the entire height of the panel and are inserted into the support bar. The panels are installed on floor slabs along a toll gasket with lined wooden wedges. In the structure of the floor with a thickness of 10 mm, they are turned on 90 mm so that the size of the approach of the upper face of the panels to the reinforced concrete slabs laid above them is at least 20 mm. When finishing the block, the gap is thoroughly hemp with pacley wetted in a gypsum solution.

9. Floors.

The structural solution of the floor directly corresponds to the purpose of the premises. When selecting structures, the mode of operation, interior architecture and the economic feasibility of using individual materials are taken into account. In general, the floors consist of a coating of the upper layer directly receiving external effects, and an underlying layer, a dispersing load and providing heat, moisture and partially sound insulation. The base for the layer is reinforced concrete slabs of floors or compacted soil in floors along the ground. Linoleum floors are installed in all working rooms, as well as in the dining room and waiting room. In sanitary units, utility rooms of the dining room, the floors are made of ceramic tiles. When adjoining the floors to the walls, special attention is paid to sound insulation. Floors are separated from walls, partitions and pipelines by elastic gaskets made of the same materials as sound insulation gaskets of the underlying layer. In the adjoins of the floors to the walls, the corners are covered by wooden plinths. The difference in floor levels in sanitary units is compensated by the slope of the row of tiles adjacent to the joint.

10. Ladders.

The building has three stairs - external and internal. The width of the flight of stairs is 2.58 m. Staircases are located at the level of floors and between them. The width of the storey staircases is 2.9 m, and the spacing is 1.2 m. The dimensions of the steps are 300x150. Staircases with special protrusions are embedded in the masonry of brick walls. The railing is made of steel links welded to embedded elements in the side plane of the march. Handrail is made of metal .

11. Overlappings.

Slabs 6.0 m long, 1.5 m wide and 0.22 m high are used to cover the premises, which are formed from 300 grade concrete. Depth of plate support on brick walls is 100 mm. The slabs are laid on a layer of cement-dried mortar M 100 with a thickness of 100 mm. The seams between the panels are sealed over the entire thickness M 100 with a thickness of 10 mm. Every third plate is anchored. Anchors are made of round reinforcing steel Ø6 mm: for external walls from one rod, for internal walls - composite. Before sealing into brickwork, anchors are tightly pulled to slinging loops. After installation, they are covered to protect against corrosion with a layer of mortar 80 and 100mm. Slabs of PK grade 56.158AT V and PK 56.12 are used for covering.

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