95-seat kindergarten

Contents

Content of the course project

1. Scope of Application

1.1Geographic position of ___________________________________

1.2 Characteristics of the building _______________________________________

1.3 Characteristics of the construction organization ______________________

1.4 Environmental protection measures _____________________

2. Architectural and structural section

2.1 Space-planning solutions _____________________________

2.2 Structural features of _________________________________

2.3 List of structural elements _________________________

2.4 Calculation of structural elements ____________________

3 . Procedure of works execution

3.1 Selection of the method of works execution ____________________________

3.2 Calculation of the scope of work ______________________________________

3.3 Selection of installation crane ____________________________________

3.4 Calculation of transport units _________________________________

4 . Scheduling

4.1 Installation technology of _________________________________ parts

4.2 Statement of labor costs and m/shift __________________________

4.3 Scheduling ___________________________________

4.4 Labour Traffic Schedule _______________________________

5. Construction plan of the object

5.1 Development of construction plan __________________________________

5.2 Calculation of temporary warehouses ___________________________________

5.3 Calculation of temporary premises ________________________________

5.4 Calculation of temporary water supply ______________________________

6. Economic section

6.1 Estimates for the facility ____________________________________________

6.2 Technical and economic indicators ___________________________

6.3 Cost-effectiveness in reducing the construction period _____

7. Acceptance and commissioning of the facility

7.1 Construction quality control ______________________________

7.2 Occupational safety measures at the construction site _________

7.3 Acceptance and commissioning of the facility _________________________

List of literature used __________________________________

1.1 Location of the object

The construction of a kindergarten-nursery will be carried out in the city of Pugachev, Saratov Region in 2009. The city of Pugachev is located in the Saratov Volga region on the Kamenny Syrt hill, on the right bank of the Bolshoi Irgiz River, 246 km northeast of the regional center of Saratov.

The climate of the Volga region is sharply continental. In this area of ​ ​ construction, the temperature in winter reaches 36˚S and in summer +39˚S. In winter, the thickness of the snow cover is insignificant (up to half a meter). The depth of ground freezing in winter is about 1.4 m. Winds during the year prevail in the west and northwest. The relief under the building is calm, medium loam lie at the base (not tufted, do not have a subsidence). Groundwater was not found at a depth of 15 meters.

The object is located on Lev Tolstov Street, and the main facade is turned towards the northwestern part of the city.

The building line on the master plan of the object is the block boundary. The Red Line separates the roadway from the building area.

Characteristics of the building

A kindergarten-nursery for 4 groups (up to 100 places) is essentially an elite children's preschool institution with quite large functional capabilities for institutions of this type.

The building belongs to the third class of capital, to the second degree of fire resistance, in terms of fire hazard it belongs to low-fire hazard .

It has water supply, sewerage, gasified, electrified, provided with a telephone line.

The building has:

- four bedrooms, with a total area of ​ ​ 186.75 m2;

- three group rooms (151.2 m2);

- playing room (50.4 m2);

- gymnasium (76 m2);

- canteen (18.45 m2);

- buffet (5.5 m2);

- four toilet rooms, and other rooms.

Characteristics of the construction organization

The construction of this facility will be carried out by the construction organization Smile LLC, which is located in Pugachev. The construction organization has all the necessary equipment to perform mechanized and installation work at the site. You have the required number of workers and ITR to perform work on site. All main construction materials are produced and mined in Pugachevo.

Environmental protection activities

When placing objects that have a direct or indirect impact on the state of the natural environment, the requirements of environmental safety and public health should be met, measures should be provided for the protection of nature, the rational use and reproduction of natural resources, and the recovery of the natural environment. Particular attention should be paid to the decrease in the volume of excavation work within the framework of residential development. From the exported soil it is advisable to arrange ski slides, squares and flowers.

The project provides for the following environmental protection measures to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere:

- it is recommended to use mechanisms mainly with electric drive (mounting cranes, lifts, electric compressor, etc.) as the most environmentally friendly.

Special attention should be paid to measures aimed at preventing the transfer of pollution from the construction site to neighboring territories. In this regard, it is envisaged that:

- performance of works strictly in the area allocated by the construction site;

- installation on the construction site of biotualets serviced by a specialized organization;

- orderly transportation and storage of bulk and liquid materials;

- before leaving the construction site, equip the vehicle wheel washing point, on which the wheels and external sides of the body are cleaned from dirt. After washing the wheels, contaminated water enters the storage tank and, as it accumulates, is removed by the silage machine outside the construction site.

- collection into special trays installed under special mechanisms, spent oil products, motor oils, etc., and their disposal.

In addition:

- Regularly remove construction debris;

- organize mechanized cleaning of the construction site area;

- after completion of construction, all temporary structures are dismantled and exported.

To remove surface water from the roof, an external drainage system has been designed. The vertical layout provides for the removal of surface runoff from the territory of the object.

To reduce contamination of groundwater by atmospheric precipitation, it is envisaged that open pits and trenches will be located on the territory of the construction site for a minimum time. The disposal and disposal of all types of waste is centralized. Their long-term storage in the facility is not provided, which significantly reduces the possibility of groundwater contamination.

Water pollution during construction.

Transportation and storage of a number of construction materials, carried out without compliance with the established technical requirements, leads to contamination of the soil surface, roads, construction sites and subsequent flushing of these contaminants into reservoirs.

Increasing the use of highly active chemicals such as various concrete additives (anti-frost additives, retardants and setting accelerators and plasticizers), various polymer resins, organic solvents, varnishes, synthetic paints, increases the risk of adverse effects of construction on the environment, including on the state of surface and groundwater.

Soil protection and land reclamation

Land reclamation is one of the environmental measures.

Reclamation is a set of works to restore the productivity and value of disturbed lands and improve the environment, allowing their further use.

When carrying out vertical planning, the design elevations of the territory are assigned based on the conditions of maximum preservation of natural terrain, soil cover and existing tree plantations, drainage of surface water at speeds that exclude the possibility of soil erosion, the minimum amount of earthworks, taking into account the use of displaced soils at the construction site. The natural soil layer must be removed prior to the start of the main earthworks. Part of the vegetal soil is used for further landscaping of the site, excess soil is exported .

Wood-bush vegetation located on the construction site must be transplanted.

Landscaping of the territory

Landscaping of the built-up area has not only an aesthetic function, but also a significant role in improving the microclimate, in cleaning air from dust and various pollutants, in enriching air with oxygen and reducing its carbon dioxide content, in reducing urban noise, reducing the effects of insolation. Woody and herbaceous plants catch an average of up to 50% of dust in summer and up to 37% in winter.

Landscaping of territories is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01. – 89*.

Space Planning Solution

The building is rectangular in plan, with a building area of ​ ​ 597.25 m2. It has dimensions: length 25.2 m, width 21.92 m, height 11.13 m (from ground level to skate). The construction volume of the above-ground part is 6148 m3. The total area of the building is 1010 m2.

The structure of the building is a arceless system with external and internal (longitudinal and transverse) bearing walls. Spatial rigidity is also provided by the arrangement of the walls of staircases, as well as inter-floor floors connecting the walls to each other. Inside the building there are two two-march stairs. The kitchen is equipped with natural ventilation. A corridor runs along the entire building, at the beginning and end of which there is a tambour. The foundation is designed tape from prefabricated concrete blocks, with a laying depth of 1.6 m (from ground level). The walls are made of brick. Partitions are made of gypsum board sheets on metal frame. The roof of the building is four-pitched with a metal roof. For the zero elevation in the building, the elevation of the floor slab surface of the first floor is taken. The height of the floor is 3.3 m. All living rooms are illuminated by natural light in accordance with the requirements of the SNiP.

Selection of the method of work execution

During the construction of the building, we first outline the main types of work performed at the facility :

Earthworks;

Foundation;

Structure of the frame (walls);

Roof arrangement;

Internal finishing works.

Each type of work is divided into separate construction processes:

Earthworks:

Cutting of vegetable layer

Excerpt of trenches for tape foundation

Manual rework

Foundation:

Sand preparation device

Installation of pillows

Installation of foundation blocks

Waterproofing device

Installation of floor slabs

Construction of brick walls:

Masonry of the external walls of the 1st floor of brick

Masonry of the interior walls of the 1st floor of brick

Installation of floor slabs of the 1st floor

Masonry of the exterior walls of the 2nd floor of brick

Masonry of the interior walls of the 2nd floor of brick

Installation of coating plates

Roof arrangement:

Steam insulation device from toll

Ceramic insulation device

Construction of rafters and other wooden roofing elements

Roofing of metal profiled sheets

Interior trim:

Installing Windows

Plastering walls

Erection of partitions

Floor arrangement

Painting works

Ceiling lining

Installing Doors

Part Mounting Technology

Installation technology of foundation blocks of tape foundation

Installation technology, methods and sequence of individual operations and necessary for their adaptation are defined in the installation design.

The preparatory process of erection of structures consists of operations preceding installation: laying of structures at the installation sites, preparation of foundations for mounted elements, preparation of structures for their lifting and disassembly after installation and fixation. The elements at the installation site are laid out in such a way as to minimize the number of crane operations to move the elements for more convenient lifting.

Preparation of foundations consists in their cleaning, drawing of installation axes, checking of surface elevations and anchor bolts, tightening of nuts on anchor bolts. Before erection of structures it is necessary to apply layout axes of their support places and determine elevations of these places in kind.

It is allowed to start installation work only after the acceptance of foundations, a building or a block of a building or structure is completed. Installation and acceptance of foundations is carried out necessarily with preliminary instrumental preparation according to the act drawn up with the participation of representatives of the installation and construction organization, as well as a representative (installer) of the customer.

The correctness of the geometric position of all parts of the building under construction largely depends on the correctness of the position of the transverse and longitudinal axes of the foundations in the plan. Especially carefully inspect the foundations. Data on its dimensions, elevations of support surfaces, geodetic diagram, data on concrete quality are attached to the act of foundation (supports) readiness. Axes shall be applied on each foundation. Axes are applied on metal parts concreted into foundation body outside column support contour. The donation of foundations for the installation of structures is carried out in complex groups for a certain part (grabs) of the structure: temperature block, span, in order to provide a spatially rigid block of this structure at the installation.

Before the installation of metal and reinforced concrete structures, backfilling of the foundation sinuses must be completed, and slopes with laying (slope) preventing land from sliding onto the foundation must be prepared near the foundations, the upper elevation of which is below the layout mark.

For the installation of ribbon foundations of residential public buildings, mainly two structural elements are used: a block - a trapezoidal or rectangular cushion, laid in the foundation base and wall blocks or panels, from which the foundation wall is erected. The basis for the ribbon foundations is sandy preparation with a thickness of about 10 centimeters along the ground of the bottom of the pit or trench protected or compacted by crushed stone. Installation of tape foundations begins with the installation of two lighthouse blocks - pillows, which are adjusted and installed in strict accordance with the axes of the walls of the building. Lighthouse blocks are placed at a distance of no more than 20 meters from each other. Corner blocks are always lighthouse. Along the inner, and sometimes along the outer edge of the lighthouse blocks, a cord is fixed - a berth. Pillow blocks are placed one close to the other or (with a good bearing capacity of the base) with gaps that can reach up to 40-50 centimeters. Special mounting holes are left to pass pipelines and cable entries during continuous laying of pillow units. Pillow blocks are laid over the entire perimeter of the building or within one grip. After laying of blocks - pillows (on unevenly compressed soils), they begin to device a reinforced seam, which is made of cement mortar with a reinforcement rod recessed in it. Installation of blocks or panels of foundation walls is usually carried out by the same cranes that mounted the blocks - cushions. They are gripped by slings by mounting loops and installed, filling joints with cement mortar.

Tape foundations are usually mounted with a crane at the level of the layout, and not in the pit. For installation, both specially equipped tower cranes and self-propelled boom cranes are used.

Installation of coating plates.

Installation of panels, basement ceilings is started after complete fixation of basement walls, completion of works on arrangement of channels, installation of stairs, partitions, devices of inputs and outputs of underground utilities, devices of preparation for basement floors. Installation is carried out by the same cranes with which foundation blocks are installed.

The first slabs are mounted from the ground or inventory scaffolding, the next slabs are mounted from the finished part of the slab. First, horizontal surface is checked from wall ends in places of plate support (mounting horizon). Then places of plate support are prepared, on which solution is laid with continuous belts along the whole width. Laid and adjusted panels are anchored by welding embedded parts of panels to embedded parts of basement walls. Gaps between end faces of plates and basement walls are filled with packages of semi-rigid mineral wool plates wrapped with ruberoid. Seams between floor panels are filled with cement mortar. Then mounting loops are cut on floor slabs and cement mortar bracing is arranged. Then formwork is removed from joints, waterproofing is performed (if necessary) and sinuses are filled with soil.

Slabs of overlying floors and slabs of coatings are similarly mounted.

Description of the Schedule

During the construction of any facility, the schedule gives a clear idea of ​ ​ the relationship between construction processes.

The schedule consists of two parts.

Left - is based on the data in the work statement.

Right part - is a graph indicating the beginning and end of the construction process, the number of workers performing it. On the right side, the sequence of construction processes is clearly visible.

When you create a schedule on the left, when you define working days, they are rounded to a multiple of 0.5.

The schedule for the object under construction is for:

1) Specify the sequence of construction processes;

2) Ensure uninterrupted operation at the facility;

3) With the help of the schedule, you can reduce the construction time:

a) increase the number of workers in the unit or brigade;

b) increase the number of shifts in 2-3 shifts;

c) perform two or three works in parallel, if the procedure and safety precautions are not violated;

4) According to the calendar plan, the construction terms for this facility are specified;

5) The terms of construction of this facility should not exceed the standards according to SNiP44079;

Development of construction master plan

Construction plan - the construction site plan on which the object under construction, temporary buildings, roads, etc. are located. There are no specific instructions for designing the construction master plan of the object, therefore, for each individual object it is developed independently, as a rule, the basis for building the construction master plan of the object is the general plan for this object. The construction plan is developed either by the design organization or in the PTO of the construction organization.

The construction plan is developed on the basis of detailed documentation. On the basis of this document, the construction organization must obtain permission for the production of earthworks and construction and installation works in the administrative and technical inspection by approval in the department of underground structures. The procedure for designing the construction plan includes the following measures: 1) Binding to the object of lifting mechanisms with indication of zones; 2) Determination of areas of temporary buildings taking into account the largest number of workers at the facility according to the labor traffic schedule; 3) Determination of temporary warehouses area; 4) Binding of temporary communications for the construction period.

In order to develop the construction master plan of the facility, it is usually necessary to consider the operation of the mechanisms at the facility. The basis for the development of the construction master plan of the facility is the work of the installation crane. To do this, on the object under construction, the parking places of the crane when installing the most unprofitable parts are indicated. The scheme indicates the most unprofitable cranes parking lots, and based on their work they develop a construction master plan for the facility. The developed scheme of the construction master plan of the facility indicates the work of mechanisms and various temporary buildings and warehouses, an office or a master's car driver, workers, household and household supplies.

Temporary buildings and structures, communications should be placed in such a way that, with better maintenance of the main production, they do not interfere with the construction of permanent above-ground and underground structures. The cost of erection, operation and subsequent relocation of temporary buildings and structures shall be minimal. The distances to which goods are transported, the number of transshipments and cargo lifts should also be critical. This applies equally to the location of production plants, warehouses, roads and to the laying of temporary networks, water supply, electricity supply, and heat supply, as well as to the placement of devices serving these networks.

Production enterprises, workshops, central warehouses, residential settlements for construction workers and other main facilities of the material and technical base of the construction and installation organization should be located on sites outside the construction site. It is advisable to place production plants in a common area - this facilitates their management, simplifies supply, reduces the cost of constructing roads, boiler houses, laying water and power networks. When placing production enterprises, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the paths through which raw materials are delivered to enterprises, and the paths along which the products of enterprises come to the structures under construction, have the smallest length.

Site Estimates

Local cost estimates are primary estimated documents that are drawn up for individual types of work based on the scope of work and working drawings .

When compiling the Local Cost Estimate for a given object, we use the basis index calculation method, that is, we use the system of forecast indices (Kind = 6) in relation to the estimated cost determined in the base price level (2001) at unit prices.

In local estimates, data are grouped by individual structural elements of buildings, types of work and devices. The order of grouping shall correspond to the process sequence of works and take into account the specific features of individual types of construction.

We use the FEP 2001 regulatory framework in the preparation of estimates.

Construction Quality Control

Construction quality control is one of the most important elements in the organization and management of construction production. First of all, control over the progress of work is aimed at preventing and timely elimination of marriage.

Construction quality control should be comprehensive and operational, it should cover all aspects of the production and economic activities of the construction organization: the execution of the production plan, the correctness of spending money and material funds, the quality of work, compliance of the erected parts of the building with the project and the specifications of the work. Therefore, all types of internal control should be carried out at all stages of construction of the work.

Preliminary control is used to check incoming materials and prefabricated products to warehouses in accordance with accompanying documents, passports, GOST specifications; is performed by external inspection and laboratory examination. Preliminary control is continuous and selective. In construction laboratories, grades of cement, concrete, mortar, bitumen, brick, steel are checked and other studies are carried out. The purpose of the external inspection is to check the dimensions, marking, proper completeness, quantity of incoming material.

Continuous control is performed for the most critical and complex structures. Selective control is the most common and consists in the fact that not the entire batch of materials is checked, but a certain part of it, and the results of such a check extend to the batch.

The main tasks of operational quality control of construction and installation works are:

ensuring compliance of construction works with the project and requirements of regulatory documents for construction;

timely identification of causes of defects during works and taking measures to eliminate them;

increased responsibility of direct performers for quality of works execution.

Operational control is entrusted to the manufacturers of works and craftsmen. Employees who carry out operational control are obliged to keep records of industrial defects and defects detected during the specified control, and to submit their comments to the logs of work on the construction of facilities.

Intermediate control is used for acceptance of completed individual types of work or structural elements, as well as works performed by subcontractors. The assessment of these works is carried out by the commission on the basis of in-kind inspection and control measurements and sometimes tests with the obligatory preparation of an act.

Control upon completion of construction is carried out at acceptance of the building or structure for operation or for installation of process equipment. During the acceptance process, all detected defects are entered, a certain period is assigned to the punch list and to eliminate them. After the expiration of this period and the elimination of all shortcomings, the commission signs the acceptance certificate and indicates the assessment for the 3-point system: excellent, good, satisfactory.

Commissioning of the facility

Acceptance of completed construction facilities is carried out in two stages: preliminary and final.

Preliminary acceptance is carried out by the working commission, and final - by the state acceptance commission. In order to make a preliminary acceptance of the completed individual building, the general contractor must notify the customer in writing. The Customer shall not later than 5 days later create a working commission consisting of representatives of the customer, general contractor, subcontractor, design organization, state sanitary and fire supervision bodies and trade union organizations. The General Contractor presents all technical documentation to the Working Commission (list of organizations involved in the construction and construction of construction works, all ITRs responsible for the performance of works; set of working drawings for construction of the facility; certificates, technical passports, as well as the conclusions of construction laboratories and other documents certifying the quality of materials; acts of examination of hidden works; Work execution log; protocols or other documents drawn up based on the results of inspections carried out during the construction process by state supervision and control bodies).

The Working Committee gets acquainted with the technical documentation, inspects and checks the readiness for operation of the building, communications, process equipment systems; determines the compliance of the performed works with the project, the quality of construction, installation and special works, analyses the consolidated estimate and financial calculation for the completed building, makes an acceptance certificate.

The completed objects inspected and accepted by the working commission are presented to the state acceptance commission, which is notified in writing by its customer and general contractor. The State Commission includes a representative from the customer, general contractor, financing bank, general designer, state sanitary and fire supervision.

The work of the state acceptance commission consists of three stages: verification of documents presented by the developer; inspection of the object, summing up and drawing up an act.

Date of signing of the act by the commission is considered date of delivery of an object.