9-storey, residential building in the city of Tomsk

Source Data

• The structural diagram of the building is arceless, mixed with the support of slabs on three sides;

• Construction district - Tomsk;

• medium-sized soils;

• foundation - pile with lower position of pile pile;

• walls - concrete multilayer panels with effective insulation;

• Plumbing cabins, elevator shafts, ventilation units, vents and garbage chambers - volumetric reinforced concrete;

• Overlay combined ventilated, with internal drainage;

• Architectural details (enclosures of balconies and loggia, elements of entrances, parapets, erkers);

• Windows and doors as per GOST 662988,1121486,1628986,2469,981 .

Introduction

The main purpose of architecture has always been to create the life environment necessary for the existence of a person, the nature and comfort of which was determined by the level of development of society, its culture, and the achievements of science and technology. This life environment, called architecture, is embodied in buildings that have internal space, complexes of buildings and structures that organize external space - streets, squares and cities.

Cost reduction in architecture and construction is carried out by rational space-planning solutions of buildings, correct selection of construction and finishing materials, design facilitation, improvement of construction methods. The main economic reserve in urban planning is to increase the efficiency of land use.

Volumetric planning solution

9-storey residential building of sectional type is designed. In the designed house, the section consists of one, three and two two-room apartments on each floor. Each apartment has living rooms, kitchen, hallway, bathroom, toilet.

Overall plan dimensions 25.2 m. at 14.4 m. The height of the rooms is 2.8m.

Communication between floors is carried out using half-floor-high stairways with steps with a tread of 300mm. and the approach of 150mm. The slope of the stairs is 1:2. The stairs fencing is made of metal links, and the handrail is lined with plastic.

Tambour is made double. All doors along the stairwell and in the vestibule open towards the exit from the building according to fire safety requirements.

For vertical communications, an elevator reinforced concrete shaft with installation of an elevator unit with a lifting capacity of = 320 kg is provided. The elevator engine room is placed on the roof.

Since the building is 9 storeys, a garbage duct is provided in it. It consists of a barrel with intake valves located on each storey or through the floor - on intermediate platforms; a ventilation shaft with a deflector and a garbage removal chamber that rises above them and goes to the roof. The barrel is made of asbestos-cement pressure-free pipes with a conditional passage of 400 mm.

Architectural - constructive solution

Multi-storey residential buildings are the main type of housing in the cities of our country. Such houses allow rational use of the territory, reduce the length of engineering networks, streets, and urban transport structures. A significant increase in the density of housing stock (the amount of living space (m2) accounted for by 1 hectare of built-up territory) with multi-storey development gives a noticeable economic effect. In addition, their high-altitude composition contributes to the creation of an expressive silhouette of development. The correct choice of building floors determines its cost-effectiveness.

In houses with more than five floors, in connection with the mandatory installation of elevators and garbage trucks, the construction cost of 1 m2 of living space, and then operating costs for the house, increases. At the same time, the use of only multi-storey buildings in development leads to uniformity, a loss of scale and does not even allow achieving an ultra-high density of buildings, since with an increase in storeys, sanitary gaps between buildings also increase. Therefore, it is advisable to build cities not only with multi-storey houses, but also with medium-rise houses .

Bases

Pile foundations are designed for a residential building with built-in premises, monolithic reinforced pile bed is designed for a pile base

When constructing pile bases for foundations:

• increased reliability of foundations operation,

• reduced earthworks,

• reduced material consumption,

• the ability to work in winter without fear of freezing the soil base,

• in case of basement filling and base soaking there is no danger of landing during subsequent operation.

The negative side of the pile foundation is labour input during piling.

In this project, we use mainland piles - these are piles in which hard soils lie under the lower ends and the load is transmitted through the lower end. The length of the pile is assigned taking into account the depth of the bottom of the pile. It must be at least 0.3m under the action of a centrally compressive load. The geometric dimensions of the pile pile in the plan depend on the dimensions of the structures resting on it, and on the number of piles in the pile foundation. Distance between axes of driven mainland piles shall be not less than 3d (d-side of square cross section of pile). Pile foundations C7 - 30 x 30 - 7 m long with a section of 300 x 300

The process of erection of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations is a complex process, which includes:

1) Formwork arrangement

2) Installation of reinforcement frames

3) Supply and laying of concrete mixture in formwork

4) Concrete maintenance and care

5) Formwork removal after concrete of foundation reaches certain strength

6) Auxiliary process - transportation of reinforcement frames, formwork and concrete mixture.

Formwork is a temporary auxiliary structure that provides the specified geometric dimensions and outlines of a concrete structure element. Formwork shall meet the following requirements:

1) Be strong enough.

2) Do not change shape in working position.

3) Perceive the process loads and pressure of the concrete mixture without changing the main geometric dimensions.

4) Be technological, i.e. easy to install and understand.

We accept metal inventory (unified) formwork consisting of inventory boards.

Foundations are reinforced with flat frames, which are delivered to the site from LBC and DSC. At the construction site they are welded into spatial frames.

The methods of transporting the concrete mixture depending on the means used may be batch and continuous. Portioned transportation is carried out using automatic dump trucks. To intensify the unloading of the concrete mixture, we use a rotary badge. Load it with a dump truck. Then, the crane lifts the hoist in the vertical plane and supplies it to the unloading place. The body of the bucket is equipped with skids, which serve as guides when the bucket rises to the vertical position. A mounted vibrator is installed on the bucket body to prevent the concrete mixture from hovering.

Partitions

Partitions are used by 100 mm thick gypsum concrete assemblies manufactured at the supplier's plants. The use of prefabricated partitions accelerates the construction process and reduces wet processes at the construction site. But the gypsum partitions are rather fragile and during transportation, storage and installation can collapse due to inept handling.

Windows

Windows largely determine the degree of comfort in the building and its architectural and artistic solution. Windows are selected according to GOST, in accordance with the areas of illuminated rooms. The top of the windows is as close to the ceiling as possible, which provides better lighting in the depths of the room. Wooden structures of windows are sensitive to changes in air humidity and are susceptible to rotting, and therefore they need to be periodically painted.

Doors

In this project, the dimensions of doors are adopted according to GOST-at the door, both internal inside apartments, rooms and external reinforced ones. Doors are used both single-floor and double-floor, with a size of 2.1 m high and 0.9; 0.7 m wide. To ensure quick evacuation, all doors open outside in the direction of movement, to the street based on the conditions for evacuating people from the building in case of fire. For external wooden doors and on staircases in the vestibule - boxes are arranged with rapids, and for internal doors - without a threshold. Door webs are hung on hinges (canopies), allowing to remove open door webs from hinges - for repair or replacement of door webs. Doors are equipped with handles, latches and tie-in locks.

Floors

Floors in residential buildings must meet the requirements of strength, resistance to wear, sufficient elasticity, noiselessness, convenience of cleaning. The floor structure is considered as the soundproofing ability of the floor structure plus the soundproofing of the floor structure. Flooring in apartments is made of linoleum on a heat-insulating base. Bracing is made of mortar by expanded clay backfilling, which is a sound-insulating layer

Finishing

Exterior decoration: window and door blocks are painted with oil paints or enamels of warm tones.

Interior decoration: in apartments, walls are glued with wallpaper after priming and coverings of walls. Kitchens are glued with washable wallpaper, and sections of walls above sanitary appliances are lined with glazed tiles. In sankabins floors made of ceramic tiles. The walls are shallow.

Refuse chute

The garbage duct at the bottom ends in the garbage chamber with a storage bin. Accumulated garbage in the bunker is poured into garbage carts and immersed in garbage collection machines and taken to the city waste dump. The walls of the garbage chamber are lined with glazed tiles, the floor is metal. In the waste chamber there is a cold and hot water pipe with a mixer for washing the waste duct, equipment and premises of the waste chamber. The garbage chamber is equipped with a drain with water draining into the household sewage system. A heating coil is provided in the floor.

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