Diploma project on gas supply of Tomsk city district as well as industrial enterprise and boiler house with 2 KVSA-04 boilers

Contents

1.3.2.2 Description of low pressure network. Hydraulic calculation

1.3.2.3 Description of the high pressure network. Hydraulic calculation

1.3.3 Laying of external gas pipelines

1.3.4 Protection of high and low pressure gas pipelines against electrochemical corrosion

1.4 Selection of gas control station equipment

1.5 Internal House Network

1.6 Intra-Quarter Network

1.7 Gas supply to industrial enterprise

1.8 Boiler room

1.8.1 Internal gas equipment

1.8.2 Hydraulic calculation of boiler room gas pipeline

2 TECHNO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF VARIANTS OF GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2.1 Feasibility study of the city gas supply system option selection

3 PROCESS AUTOMATION

3.1 General Instructions

3.2 Functional diagrams

3.2.1 Functional diagram of GRP automation

3.2.2 Boiler Room Automation Functional Diagram

3.3 Electrical Schematic Diagrams

3.3.1 Electrical Control and Protection Principle

3.3.2 Cathode Station Electrical Diagram

3.4 Conclusion

4 ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION OF GAS PIPELINES

4.1 Brief description of the object and the gas and gas systems to be installed

supply

4.2 Determination of excavation scope during trench development

4.3 Determination of terms of installation works

4.4 Determination of labour intensity and salary during well installation

4.4.1 Construction of foundations for the well

4.4.2 Structure of the well of blocks

4.4.3 Installation of floor slab on the well

4.4.4 Installation of manholes

4.4.5 Alignment of concrete surfaces

4.4.6 Well waterproofing device

4.5 Arrangement of fences

4.5.1 Fencing arrangement

4.5.2 Disassembly of the fence

4.6 Bridge Arrangement

4.7 Material and Auxiliary Bill of Materials

4.8 Construction facility readiness

4.9.Assembly quality requirements

4.9.1 Assembly and welding of gas pipelines from steel pipes

4.9.2 Corrosion protection

4.9.3 Installation of external gas pipelines, equipment and instruments

4.9.4 Structures on gas networks

4.9.5 Test production

4.9.6 Installation Organization Structure

4.9.7 Selection and substantiation of methods of construction and installation works

4.9.8 Procedure of works execution

4.10 Definition of Transport Requirements

4.11 Determining Water Demand

4.12 Determination of Electricity Demand

4.13 Calculation of storage facilities

4.14 Supply of construction with compressed air

4.15 Define Tool Requirement

5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

5.1 Procedure for development and approval of regulatory, regulatory and legal acts on labor protection

5.2 Personnel requirements during operation of boilers and heat-consuming plants

Literature

Summary

The diploma project developed a gas supply scheme for the city of Tomsk, an industrial enterprise and a boiler house with 2 KVSA0.4 boilers .

During the design process, two versions of gas flow calculations with feasibility study were made, hydraulic calculation of low and high pressure gas pipelines was performed, and equipment was selected.

For an industrial enterprise, a gas supply system from a high-pressure network has been developed. The issues of safety of gas pipelines laying are considered. To ensure safe operation of the inter-mill gas pipeline, an commissioning point has been designed.

A gas supply system from a high-pressure network with a gas control plant has been developed for the boiler room. Hydraulic calculation of the internal gas pipeline was carried out. Environmental protection measures are considered.

In the section "Organization of Construction," a project was developed for the installation of an underground gas pipeline section with the joint laying of high and low pressure gas pipelines and a process map for the final test of the high pressure gas pipeline.

In the section "Automation" the diagram of GRU automation installed in the boiler room and the diagram of KVSA0,4 boiler automation are considered.

The section "Labor Protection" presents the procedure for the development and approval of by-laws regulatory, regulatory and legal acts on labor protection, personnel requirements during the operation of boilers and heat-consuming plants.

1.1.1 Grounds for project development

Natural gas supply to cities and settlements aims to:

Improving the living conditions of the population;

replacement of more expensive solid fuel or electricity in thermal processes at industrial enterprises, thermal power plants, municipal enterprises, medical institutions, public catering enterprises, etc.;

Improvement of ecological conditions in cities and settlements, as natural gas during combustion practically does not emit harmful gases into the atmosphere.

Natural gas is supplied to cities and towns through main gas pipelines, starting from gas production sites (gas fields) and ending at gas distribution stations (GRS) located near cities and towns.

To supply gas to all consumers, a gas distribution network is being built in the cities, gas control points or installations (GRP and GRU) are being equipped, control points and other equipment necessary for the operation of gas pipelines are being built.

On the territory of cities and villages, gas pipelines are laid underground.

On the territory of industrial enterprises and thermal power plants, gas pipelines are laid above the ground on separate supports, on overpasses, as well as on the walls and roofs of production buildings.

Gas pipelines shall be laid in accordance with the requirements of [11].

Natural gas is used by the population for burning in domestic gas appliances: stoves, water gas heaters, in heating boilers

At public utilities, gas is used to obtain hot water and steam, baking bread, cooking in canteens and restaurants, and heating rooms.

In medical institutions, natural gas is used for sanitary treatment, preparation of hot water, for cooking.

At industrial enterprises, gas is burned primarily in boilers and industrial furnaces. It is also used in technological processes for heat treatment of products manufactured by the enterprise.

In agriculture, natural gas is used to prepare feed for animals, to heat agricultural buildings, and in production workshops.

When designing gas networks of cities and towns, the following issues have to be solved:

Identify all gas consumers in the gasified area;

* determine the gas flow rate for each consumer;

* Identify the locations of distribution gas pipelines;

Determine the diameters of all gas pipelines;

* select equipment for all GRP (GRPP) and GRU and determine their locations;

* to pick up all shutoff valves (latches, cranes, gates);

:: Identify the locations where the control tubes and electrodes are installed to monitor the state of the gas pipelines during their operation;

* Develop methods of laying gas pipelines at their intersection with other communications (roads. heat tracts, rivers, ravines, etc.);

Determine estimated cost of construction of gas pipelines and all structures on them;

* disassemble measures for safe operation of gas pipelines.

The volume of resolved questions from the listed list is determined by the assignment for the diploma project.

1.3 City gas supply system

1.3.1 Selection and justification of gas supply system

Gas supply systems are a complex complex of structures. The choice of the gas supply system of the city is influenced by a number of factors. This is primarily: the size of the gasified territory, the features of its layout, population density, the number and nature of gas consumers, the presence of natural and artificial obstacles to the laying of gas pipelines (rivers, dams, ravines, railway tracks, underground structures, etc.). When designing the gas supply system, they develop a number of options and make a technical and economic comparison. For construction, the best option is used.

Depending on the maximum gas pressure, city gas pipelines are divided into the following groups:

* high pressure category 1 with pressure from 0.6 to 1.2 MPa;

* medium pressure from 5 kPa to 0.3 MPa;

* low pressure up to 5 kPa;

High and medium pressure gas pipelines serve to supply medium and low pressure urban distribution networks. They are the bulk of the gas to all consumers of the city. These gas pipelines are the main arteries supplying the city with gas. They are made in the form of rings, the floor of rings or rays. Gas is supplied to high and medium pressure gas pipelines from gas distribution stations.

Modern systems of urban gas networks have a hierarchical construction system, which is associated with the above classification of gas pipelines by pressure. The upper level consists of high-pressure gas pipelines of the first and second categories, and lower low-pressure gas pipelines. The gas pressure during the transition from a high level to a lower level gradually decreases. This is done using pressure regulators installed on the FRG.

According to the number of pressure stages used in urban gas networks, they are divided into:

* two-stage, consisting of high or medium pressure and low pressure networks;

* three-stage, including high, medium and low pressure gas pipelines;

* multistage, in which gas is supplied through gas pipelines of high (1 and 2 categories) pressure, medium and low pressure.

The choice of the gas supply system in the city depends on the nature of gas consumers who need gas of the appropriate pressure, as well as on the length and load of gas pipelines. The more diverse gas consumers and the greater the length and load of gas pipelines, the more difficult the gas supply system will be.

In most cases, for cities with a population of up to 500 thousand people, the most economically feasible is a two-stage system. For large cities with a population of more than 1,000,000 people and the presence of large industrial enterprises, a three or multi-stage system is preferable. The population of the city of Tomsk is 508.6 thousand chels (as of 01/01/11). We accept a two-stage gas supply system (on assignment).

3. Process Automation

3.1 General Instructions

The gas supply system of the city of Tomsk is a complex system, including a large number of technological equipment. Reliable, economical and safe operation of this system is possible only if there is comprehensive automation of all nodes included in it. The positive properties of gas as a fuel create favorable conditions for the complex automation of the combustion process. Automatic control of the combustion process in order to maintain a given technological mode while observing high combustion rates and gas combustion safety significantly increases the economy of gas-using plants. Increasing the efficiency of equipment and plants, better meeting the quality of heat generated to technological requirements and reducing the number of maintenance personnel make it possible to increase the cost-effectiveness of gas use. In addition, automation improves the working conditions of service personnel and contributes to their technical level.

Depending on the functions performed, the automatic devices carry out:

monitoring and measurement;

signalling;

protection;

management;

regulation;

Automatic monitoring and measurements allow you to continuously monitor the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the process using instrumentation and equipment. Automatic control means the automatic start and stop of individual units of equipment and units as a whole. Automatic control devices are divided into automatic and semi-automatic. In the first case, the device is switched on under the influence of pulses sent by sensors that monitor the mode of process equipment. In the second case, the devices are switched on with the participation of a person, pressing buttons and levers. In automated electric motor control systems, they are protected from short circuit, from reduced voltage and from heat load. Automatic adjustment is designed to maintain the specified operating modes without human participation.

In accordance with this, they distinguish:

system for automatic maintenance of the specified parameter value;

automatic program control system;

a tracking system;

optimal control system;

This project provides for the automation of the boiler room and the automation of GRP.

3.2 Functional diagrams

3.2.1 Functional diagram of GRU automation

The GRU provides for the installation of indicating and recording instrumentation (instrumentation), including for the measurement of inlet and outlet pressure .

The FRG circuit has a gas flow metering unit with the help of a narrowing device (DKS100 diaphragm), a filter unit, two process reduction lines with a pressure regulator RDBK1100/70, a safety shutoff valve PKN100, and a safety relief valve PSK50N/0.05 is installed on the outlet gas pipeline. Two lines - in case of failure of one of the reduction lines, operation on the second line is possible. It is provided to install blowdown and discharge pipelines brought out to places providing safe conditions for gas dispersion, but not less than 1 m above the eaves of the building. Monitoring of pressure at the inlet, on the process line before BSVC and on the outlet is performed by indicating pressure gauges of MTS712 type (pos. 2, pos. 4, pos. 9, pos. 10 pos. 12).

Temperature control is provided by TTP95240163 type thermometer (item 1) with measurement range from -50 to + 50С and thermometers with self-recording liquid pressure gauges of TZhS712С type (item 72, item 8-2) with measurement range from -50 to + 50С.

Measurement of a consumption of gas is carried out by differential pressure gages recording with additional record of excessive pressure of the DSS7122S type (poses. 52, pos. 53, pos. 62, pos. 6-3).

The pressure difference on the filter is controlled by the differential pressure gage recording the DSS712M type (poses.3).

3.2.2 Boiler Room Automation Functional Diagram

The boiler equipment is controlled from the Vitotronic100 controller board located on the front wall of the boiler. Together with the installed equipment, the following is provided:

automatic ignition of the boiler unit;

automatic maintenance of the water temperature in the boiler, as well as automatic control of the combustion process;

remote control of water temperature in the boiler, temperature of water downstream the boiler, temperature of exhaust gases downstream the boiler;

boiler protection and light-and-sound alarm at emergency deviation of parameters from preset values. KVSA - 0.4 boiler is equipped with WG40 N/1A gas burner manufactured by Weishaupt. The burner complete with its gas line and control unit provides automatic ignition and control of the burner, power control by external signal, emergency protection according to the following parameters:

reducing the gas pressure upstream of the burner;

increasing the gas pressure upstream of the burner;

reducing the air pressure upstream of the burner;

failure of solenoid valves tightness;

no flare;

lack of supply voltage and failure of burner elements.

Installed on the front wall of the boiler, the Vitotronic100 controller provides protection by the water temperature of 95 ° C, measurement and display on its own indicator of the water temperature before and after the boiler, the temperature of the exhaust gases behind the boiler. This controller provides emergency protection of the boiler unit by the temperature and pressure of boiler water, issuing control signals to the burner in order to maintain the necessary temperature of the water downstream the boiler.

SAC unit providing protection and control of methane and carbon monoxide concentration in the boiler room;

Device 2TPM1AH.TC.P providing protection on temperature increase in the boiler house;

Gas flow metering board.

The following is monitored in the diagram:

gas pressure before GRU is controlled by the MP4 UU2 manometer (poses. 3a);

gas pressure downstream of GRU is controlled by the indicating pressure meter of NMP - 52M2 type (pos. 6a);

differential pressure on the filter is controlled by DSP160 M1 differential pressure gauge (pos. 4a);

the temperature of direct and return water is controlled by the P-4 direct technical thermometer (pos. 12a, 13a);

temperature of exhaust gases is controlled by membrane traction meter TNMP52M2 (pos. 11a);

water pressure is monitored by MTS712 type pressure gauges (item 14a, pos. 15a). A G25 rotary meter equipped with an EC88/K electronic gas volume corrector is used to account for gas flow.

Control automation provides for maintaining the gas pressure in front of the boiler unit at the level necessary for their normal operation (pos.8a, 9a, 10a).

Safety automation includes control of gas content. For this purpose, a gas content control device of SAKZMK2150HD type is installed in the room (pos. 1a), which if the room exceeds the permissible concentration, shuts off the gas supply.