Two-storey cottage with basement

Introduction

Currently, in the design and construction of residential buildings and, in particular, residential buildings of small storeys (cottages), special attention is paid to engineering communication systems. Creating comfortable living conditions for people is an urgent problem of modern construction. Uninterrupted supply of water - hot and cold, timely drainage and disposal of waste, gas supply, heating, power supply, etc. - pressing problems of construction. It is particularly important to address these issues in the absence of centralized networks.

The section discusses the design, design and calculation of building life support utilities.

The objective of the project is to develop methods of routing and hydraulic calculation of water supply and drainage systems. The correct selection of routing (at the initial stage of design) depends on the uninterrupted supply of water to the building, the presence or absence of pumping units, pipe diameters and, as a result, the above, the construction cost.

When designing the water supply systems of this building, not only the rationality of engineering solutions was taken into account, but also the household interests of residents. Thus, the project provides for the possibility of installing modern automatic washing machines, a version of the arrangement of a bath and a garage has been developed. Summer water supply is provided for irrigation of the garden.

The design and calculation of cold water supply and drainage systems, as well as the calculation of yard sewage, are mandatory sections in this project.

Additionally, a gas supply and heating system is being developed.

When performing section 4 of the comprehensive course project, normative literature was used. Engineering communications were designed taking into account the comfort of housing and economic requirements. Section "Heat Engineering Calculation" - is mandatory in this project. During this part of the calculation, the material selected for the exterior enclosing structures and the wall thickness were checked.

Water supply

This work envisages the development of a cold water supply system.

Internal water supply systems include: entrances to the building, water metering unit, dilution network, risers, supply to water collecting devices, water collecting, mixing, shutoff and control valves.

The choice of the internal water supply system is made depending on the technical and economic feasibility, sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements, as well as taking into account the adopted external water supply system.

For this building, it is recommended to accept dead end systems with lower wiring of the internal cold water pipeline with one inlet.

The designed building has a basement, therefore, an inlet, a water metering unit and main pipelines are located in the basement.

In the basement and 1st floor plan, valve HL 900 is planned, EN 12 380 allows not to remove the riser above the roof.

Main pipelines are laid along the internal capital wall for 40-50 cm below the basement ceiling. Pipes are attached on brackets or hooks. Main pipelines are designed with a slope of 0.002-0.005 towards the inlet for water descent from the building water supply system.

Yard sewage network

The task of the yard sewerage system is to collect waste water from the designed facility and drain it to the city sewerage system (GK) - K2 about 80.24

The solution of the yard sewage scheme depends on the terrain, the location of the building, the location of the GK, other communications, etc. The yard network is laid from ceramic pipes with a diameter of 150 mm. The network is traced along the building at a distance from the walls from 3 to 5 m in the direction coinciding with the slope of the terrain.

To monitor the operation of the sewerage system and its operation, it is necessary to provide for the installation of inspection wells at the points of connection of the outlets from the building, at the turns of the pipeline, at the places of change in the diameter and slope of pipes, in straight sections after 35 m with a pipe diameter of 150 mm (in our case K1, KK).

Before connection to the external network on the yard sewage pipeline at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the red building line in the depth of the section, a control inspection well (CP) is placed. It usually arranges a drop, since the designed well on the street collector always has a larger depth.

On the plot plan of the site, a yard sewer network is applied with the indication of all inspection, turning and control wells, then the city sewer network and the red building line are indicated.

The longitudinal profile of the yard network is drawn from the most remote outlet to the well of the city network (in which the yard drainage network is connected to the city). Regardless of the direction in which the wastewater flows, the profile is drawn from left to right.