Turning-turret machine

Contents

Introduction

1. Determination of machine technical characteristics

1.1 Determination of machine size characteristics

1.2. Determination of speed characteristics

2. Structure selection and kinematic calculation of the main motion drive

2.1 Selection of main motion drive structure

2.2 Kinematic calculation of the drive

2.3. Calculation of gear ratios and gear numbers

3. Dynamic calculation of the main motion drive

3.1. Shaft Design Calculation

3.2. Gear Design Calculation

3.3. Gearing check calculation

3.4 Description of speed box operation

4. Calculation of spindle assembly

4.1 Calculation of shaft (spindle) for static strength

4.2 Calculation of spindle for stiffness

4.3 Calculation of spindle for vibration resistance

4. 4 Main components of spindle assembly

5. Revolver caliper

6. Description of machine operation

7. Machine lubrication system

List of literature

Summary

In the course design, the design of the turning-turret machine was calculated. The course design includes determination of technical characteristics of the main motion drive, kinematic calculation of the main motion drive, design and verification calculation of parts and units of the speed box, design of the spindle assembly, description of the operation of the machine and the longitudinal caliper, selection of the lubrication system of the machine units.

Introduction

Modern machine building presents high technical and economic requirements for machine tools. This is:

a) maximum productivity while providing the specified accuracy and roughness of the treated surface;

b) accuracy of operation. The accuracy of the machine depends on the geometric and kinematic accuracy of the machine, the temperature deformations of the machine, the stiffness of the parts and joints, the wear of the parts and the possibility of its compensation, the correct installation and operation of the machine, the design and accuracy of the clamping devices, etc.;

c) simplicity, ease and safety of maintenance and management, convenience of repair.

One of the main directions of the development of modern machine tool building is automation, which includes a set of measures (technical, organizational, etc.) that allow you to conduct production processes without the direct participation of a person. The production of automatic machines, semi-automatic machines and automatic lines is increasing.

The significant growth of precision machine building has set serious tasks for machine builders in the field of high-precision machine tools. Requirements for precision machines are growing every year. Therefore, new elements began to be used in these machines: rolling guides, hydrostatic and aerostatic guides, hydrostatic and aerostatic supports in spindle units, rolling screw-nut transmissions and screw hydrostatic transmissions, various damping devices and much more.

Modern machine tool construction is characterized by the maximum use of normalized and standard units and parts and their unification is possible, the further development of the aggregation method and the creation of ranges of machines in the form of a normal series of standard sizes with maximum unification of units and parts. Increasing the speed of idle movements of units is dictated by the need to increase the productivity of machines. It is necessary that the speeds of idle moves of knots be 10-12 m/min.

The expansion of the range of materials of processed parts and the desire for even more versatility of general-purpose machines entails an increase in the control ranges of rotation speeds, double strokes and feeds.

A significant contribution to automation is made by the advanced development of the production of CNC machines. On the basis of multi-operation machines equipped with industrial robots, measurement systems, warehousing, the issues of complex automation of the production of parts in small-scale production based on flexible production systems are solved.

On machines of turning group process details of type of shafts, disks and sleeves, carrying out grinding of external cylindrical surfaces, faces and ledges, pro-cutting of flutes and to a piece, boring of openings (cylindrical, conic and shaped), grinding of conic and shaped surfaces, drillings, coredrilling and expansion of openings, cutting of a male and female thread a cutter, cutting of a carving the tap and a bar, vortex cutting of a carving, a nakatyvaniye of corrugated surfaces.

The main movement determining the cutting speed is the rotation of the spindle carrying the workpiece. Movement determining values of longitudinal and transverse feeds is movement of caliper, in which cutters are fixed, and when machined with end tool, feed motion is obtained by machine tailstock. The machine is capable of cutting metric, inch and modular threads.

Main components of spindle assembly

The spindle assembly mainly includes standard products: rolling bearings 10, 11; key (9); screws (4); sealing covers 6.7; bearing cover (5); and spindle 1

Longitudinal caliper of the turret

Lengthwise support of revolving machine has slides 1 installed on bed and carriage 2 moving by means of rack gear along guides of sled and carrying hexagonal turret head 3. Cutting elements are secured in sockets of turret by means of adapter bushings. Various tools carrying the cutting tool may be secured to the faces of the turret. The correct position of the axis of the turret seat relative to the spindle axis after each rotation of the head is provided by the locking mechanism. The conical retainer 11 sinks into one of the six holes in the end of the head.

For more rigid attachment of the head after each rotation and unloading of the retainer from the moment created by the cutting force, a clamping mechanism is used, the main element of which is the clamping clamp 4. In tightened condition clamp tightly presses end of revolver head against carriage plane.

The turret rotates automatically when the slider is retracted. During retraction, one of the pivot pins 9 runs onto the stop lever 10 located in the slide 1 and the head is rotated by 60 degrees. Before starting the head turn, the lever, running to the stop, removes the retainer, and the pawl, running to the stop, expands the clamp. At the beginning of the carriage forward movement, the clamp clamps due to the interaction of the pawl and the stop.

When the turret is rotated, the drum 6 is rotated synchronously with the thrust screws 5, which serve to pre-set the amount of the working stroke of the slider. At the end of the passage of the predetermined path by the slider, one of the thrust screws 5 presses the thrust pin 7 located in the sled 1. Pin with roller 8 acts on mechanism for turning off working stroke located in apron of revolving caliper. This mechanism breaks the mechanical feed circuit by means of a cam clutch, and the slider 2 stops at a predetermined position. The accuracy of automatic shutdown is 0.10.2 mm.

Description of machine operation

Blank is fixed in collet or cartridge 2 of spindle head 1, on front wall of which control panel 10 is installed. Turret 3 is located on support 4 receiving longitudinal movement along guides of frame 8 by means of fixed apron 6. Manual longitudinal movement is carried out from the wheel 7, automatic - from the feed box 9. Automatic longitudinal feed is switched off by means of movable stops mounted on control drum 5. Transverse (circular) feed is carried out by slow turning of the turret automatically from the feed box or manually by a flywheel on the support.

Machine lubrication system

Industrial oil 20 should be used for the hydraulic system. The 1R365 prototype machine has five centralized lubrication units: the first unit is a gearbox, gears, feeds; the second - apron of transverse caliper and transverse caliper; the third is the apron of the revolver caliper and the revolver caliper; fourth - auxiliary drive; fifth - rear support of running shafts.

Lubricant is supplied to the first unit from hydraulic drive through retaining valve, spider and supplied to gearboxes, gears and feeds. Lubricant is supplied to two friction clutches and speed box brake under pressure. Lubricant is supplied to the main bearings of the spindle with additional filtration through felt gaskets. Oil from the gearbox is drained into a common tank, and from the gearbox first into the feed box, from there into the auxiliary drive and into the common tank.

Oil flow and oil level in the tank are controlled by oil indicators. Contaminated oil is drained through plug 19. Add it at least once a month and clean the tank at least twice a year.

Joint lubrication of apron and transverse support from plunger pump, operation of which is controlled by upper oil indicator, and oil level - by lower one. Oil is poured into the apron through the hole closed by the plug.