The bus station in the city of Mtsensk. Architecture

Initial data and general characteristics of the project.

The construction site is the city of Mtsensk.

Functional characteristic of the designed object: a public building (bus station) with a plan size of 18 × 60 m; number of floors - 2,

Cold climatic parameters:

- The air temperature of the coldest days with a security of 0.92 - 31 ° С;

- Duration of the day and average air temperature of ° C, period with average daily air temperature less than 8 ° C Dd, = 205 days, tavext = - 2.7 ° C;

- average monthly relative humidity of the coldest month 86%;

- prevailing wind direction for December - February - southwest;

- maximum of average wind speeds in rumbes in January - 6.5 m/s;

- average wind speed, for the period with average daily air temperature less than 8 ° С - 4.8 m/s

The humidity zone is normal. Operation mode is normal. Operating conditions - B. Standard weight of snow cover So = 18 kPa. Standard freezing depth is 1.2m. Standard wind load Wo = 3 kN/m2 Fire resistance ratio of the building - II. Life class II. According to functional fire hazard, the building belongs to class F 4.1.

Plot Plan.

The site for the construction of a bus station is located in Mtsensk.

Networks of water supply, gas and inactive heating system pass through the section. Networks are to be taken out. Trees grow on the site that fall directly under the designed house. Trees are subject to uprooting.

Around the building, an asphalt platform is designed with the possibility of access to each entrance to the building,. The relief of the site is characterized by elevations 117.0 sound120.0. The plot plan is completed on a scale of 1:500.

To ensure the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions, a set of measures for landscaping and landscaping is planned at the site. In areas free from development, the construction of lawns, freely growing shrubs, flower beds, deciduous trees of ordinary planting is provided. For vehicles, there is an economic yard located behind the projected dining room. Areas free from development are planned with a slope of 3045% and are sown with grasses to avoid their erosion. The lack of soil for the vertical layout of the site is compensated by the soil taken out during the construction of the underground part of the building.

An ordinary planting of trees 3.5 m wide was made on the site. Landscaping of the site provides for the planting of 2-5 summer tree seedlings, as well as shrubs and lawns.

The vertical layout of the territory of the designed building is made in connection with the existing development and with the maximum preservation of the terrain .

Stormwater and surface water are drained in an open way through the courtyard passages to the relief, where they are intercepted by storm sewers.

Space Planning Solution

The building has axial dimensions in plan 6.018.0 m. The height of the floors is 3.3m, the number is 2. Deformation joints are not provided for in the design. The building has an organized internal drainage, which is carried out through funnels located on 2 sections of the roof (1 funnel on the site). The roof profile has a simple shape. The top of the parapet is wrapped in galvanized roofing steel.

The designed building has a mixed layout. The effectiveness of the building layout depends on the placement and structural solution of the entrance, sanitary and utility rooms

When designing buildings of this type, it should be:

To combine, as a rule, in one building, various industries, warehouses and auxiliary rooms, as well as rooms for engineering equipment;

provide the smallest area of external enclosing structures;

All rooms have sufficient insolation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.0189 *.

Design Solutions

Residential building is made according to frame scheme

Foundation. Foundations are an important structural element of the building, which perceives the load from its above-ground parts and transfers it to the base. Foundations must meet the requirements of strength, stability, durability, processability of the device and economy. Foundations for 30x30 columns are accepted as per GOST 2447680.

Waterproofing. Horizontal is arranged along the upper edge of the foundation in the form of two layers of ruberoid glued to each other with bitumen mastic. The vertical is arranged from the top of the foundation to the pavement in the form of a coating of the vertical surface contacting the soil with hot bitumen in two times.

Walls. Walls are the most important structural elements of buildings, which serve not only as vertical enclosing structures, but also often as structural elements, on which floors and coverings are based. Depending on the purpose of the building, the steppes must meet the following requirements: be strong and stable; have durability corresponding to the building class; correspond to the fire resistance of the building; ensure maintenance of the required temperature and humidity conditions in the premises; have sufficient soundproofing properties; be technological in the device.

As a wall structure, three-layer panels were adopted, which consist of two thin reinforced concrete slabs and an effective heat insulation layer (insulation) laid between them. Foam polystyrene is used as insulation agent. Reinforced concrete layers of panel are connected to each other by welded reinforcement frames. Inner layer of three-layer panel is taken 80 mm thick and outer layer is taken 120 mm thick. Thickness of insulation layer is determined by heat engineering calculation.

Partitions. Internal walls are panels made of heavy concrete = 2500 kg/m3. Panels are manufactured with embedded parts for welding with adjacent structural elements, the thickness of the inner bearing panel is 120 mm. Horizontal joints of inner bearing walls are arranged by conjugating them through floors - platform joint. Platform joint is made on M100 solution, forming seams not more than 20 mm under and above floor panels.

Overlap. Floors along with walls are the main structural elements of buildings that divide them into floors. By location in the building, the floors can be intermediate, attic and basement. Reinforced concrete floors are the most reliable and durable and therefore are now widely used in civil engineering. As a floor, multi-mouth panels with round voids of 200 and 300 concrete grades with a length of 6 m and a width of 1 to 1.5 m with a thickness of 220 mm are adopted.

The staircase in the designed building is made of prefabricated railway elements: stairways, storey and intermediate platforms. Clearance between stairways is 100 mm for fire protection purposes. Stairwell fences with a height of 0.9 m. Stairways are supported by specially arranged tides in the walls of the stairwell and are attached by welded connection of steel embedded parts. All metal elements are subjected to corrosion treatment after welding. The stairwell has natural lighting through windows in the outer walls.

Roof. In the designed building, a combined ventilated one is performed. Cement-sand bracing of M 100 grade in the form of leveling layer is made on reinforced concrete paving slab to create required slopes for water runoff. A roll waterproofing material is laid on the leveling layer.

Windows in the dining room are designed with triple glazing. Window blocks are adopted from polymer materials (PVC), made according to modern technologies of double-glazed windows.

In the hall of complex lunches and in the cooking store, aluminum stained glass windows are adopted. Sealing of windows, entrance doors is performed in accordance with TSN. Dimensions of window and door blocks are given in the specification.

Interior decoration. Vertical surfaces of partitions are plastered with cement sand mortar of M 25 grade. In rooms with a wet mode (i.e. in plumbing cabins), ceramic tiles are laid at a height of 1.8 m on cement sand mortar of grade M 50. To the height from the top of the laid ceramic tiles to the ceiling, as well as the ceiling, trellis and whitewash are made.

Walls in utility rooms are plastered with cement sand mortar of grade M 25 for the entire height of the partition, then wallpaper is glued along the plaster, and ceilings are whitened with whitewash as well as in plumbing units.

The walls in the corridors and utility rooms are plastered, after which they are painted with paint to a height of 1.7 m, above 1.7 m they are whitened with whitewash. Enamel painting of window and door units is performed.

Exterior decoration. Asphalt pavement is made around the building with a width of at least 1 m.

Technical and economic indicators

Economic indicators of public buildings are determined by their space-planning and structural solutions, the nature and organization of sanitary equipment. An important role is played by the ratio of auxiliary and total areas designed in the building, the height of the room, and the location of sanitary units. Projects of public buildings are characterized by the following indicators:

construction volume (m3)

useful area (m2);

total area (m2);

working area (m2);

auxiliary area (m2);

K1 - the ratio of the working area to the total area, characterizes the rationality of using the areas.

K2 - the ratio of the construction volume to the total area, characterizes the rationality of the use of the volume.

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