Snow loader diploma

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. SETTING THE PROJECT TASK

1.1. Climate of Saratov

1.2. Analysis of the work of housing and communal services of the city of Saratov

1.3. Seasonal changes in road conditions and their impact on

occurrence of accidents

1.4. Conclusions

2. SNOW REMOVAL TECHNOLOGY AND USED

CARS

2.1. Physical and mechanical properties of snow

2.2. Snow removal technology and used machines

2.3. Existing snow loader designs

2.4. Proposed design of snow loader working element

2.5. Conclusion

3. SNOW LOADER CALCULATION

3.1. Selection of basic parameters and power calculation of brush

equipment

3.2. Truck traction calculation

3.3. Stability calculation

3.5. Determination of snow loader capacity

3.6. Conclusions

4. DESIGN CALCULATION OF BRUSH EQUIPMENT

4.1. Calculation of brush equipment hydraulic drive

4.2. Strength calculation of brush equipment structural elements

4.3. Calculation of manufacturing modes and finger time standards for

tray brush attachment

4.4. Conclusion

5. WINTER HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY

6. COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTATION

BRUSH WORKING EQUIPMENT

FOR SNOW LOADERS

6.1. Calculation of the cost of manufacturing a brush worker

equipment

6.2. Calculation of cost-effectiveness of implementation

brush working equipment for loaders

7. SAFETY OF LIFE

7.1. Legal and organizational issues of labour protection

7.1.1. Analysis of occupational injuries and morbidity

7.2. Industrial sanitation and occupational health

7.2.1 Requirements for territories, buildings and domestic facilities

7.3. Safety precautions

7.3.1. Safety precautions for snow loader operation

CONCLUSIONS

Literature

APPLICATIONS

Introduction

Unsatisfactory winter maintenance of roads leads to a decrease in the speed of cars, their poor use and downtime, as well as a significant increase in the cost of road transportation. The snow of roadways and airfields should be removed regularly, as over time it acquires more strength and density and requires the use of more advanced and expensive mechanisms and machines. On roads with heavy traffic, regular patrol snowplows should be carried out, during which snow removed from the roadway will be necessarily thrown aside to such a distance as to prevent the formation of snow shafts near the side of the road and thereby exclude or at least significantly limit subsequent snowplows during snowstorms.

The cost of clearing roads from snow is relatively small compared to the loss of transport from drifts, especially with heavy traffic. Snow removal in the city is carried out by housing and communal services. They are allocated funds for this purpose. However, it was found that only 6 t of forklifts carry out snow removal in the city, which is clearly not enough .

Due to the poor organization of housing and communal services and a small number of units of equipment, they cannot cope with snow removal at night, and as a result, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed on the city roads in the morning.

In this regard, the purpose of this diploma project is to develop brush working equipment for snow loaders.

1.4. Conclusions

An analysis of the climate of the city of Saratov showed its versatility, namely, a large amount of precipitation falls, especially in winter. The result of this is a large thickness of snow cover, which prevents the movement of vehicles along the streets of the city.

Snow removal in the city is carried out by housing and communal services. They are allocated funds for this purpose. However, it was found that only 6 t of forklifts carry out snow removal in the city, which is clearly not enough .

Due to the poor organization of housing and communal services and a small number of units of equipment, they cannot cope with snow removal at night, and as a result, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed on the city roads in the morning.

In this regard, the purpose of the diploma project is to develop working equipment for a snow loader with high productivity and snow loading quality.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be achieved:

1. Analyze snow removal technology and used machines.

2. Develop design layout of additional brush equipment to improve the quality of snow loading by loader KO206A.

3. Select and justify the main parameters of additional brush working equipment, as well as carry out traction and power calculations.

4. Determine the cost-effectiveness of the new loading equipment.

2.5. Conclusion

This section presents the main physical and mechanical properties of snow. Analysis of the data showed that the physical and mechanical properties of snow vary depending on temperature and have a strong effect on the working bodies of snow removal and loading equipment.

On the basis of the reviewed snow removal technology, it was revealed that the technology of mechanical snow removal into the vehicle has the highest productivity and lowest energy intensity. However, to improve the quality of snow loading, it is necessary to modernize existing snow loading equipment, or create a new one.

Based on the design of the working elements of the snow loaders, as well as the identification of their shortcomings, a new design of the working element of the snow loader was developed.

3.6. Conclusions

This section presents calculations with selection and justification of basic parameters of additional brush working equipment for snow cleaning behind the foot loader.

Traction and power calculations were made of a loader equipped with a brush working element. During the calculation, the operability of the new loader design was fully proved.

The new machine has a high margin of stability.

The use of brush working equipment allows you to increase the productivity when loading snow by 11.2% compared to the serial loader KO206A.

4.4. Conclusion

This section describes the calculation of the brush operating equipment drive.

Main parameters of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinder are selected and justified. Thermal calculation of the hydraulic system was performed.

Calculations were made for the strength of individual structural elements of brush working equipment.

The technology of making a finger for attachment of the tray brush to the frame of the loader has been selected and developed.

Conclusions

1. An analysis of the climate of the city of Saratov showed that in the winter there is a large amount of precipitation in the form of snow, which prevents the movement of vehicles along the streets of the city. Extremely unsatisfactory snow removal in the city is carried out by housing and communal services. Due to the poor organization of housing and communal services and a small number of units of equipment, they cannot cope with snow removal at night, and as a result, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed on the city roads in the morning.

2. Having considered snow removal technologies, it was revealed that the technology of mechanical snow removal into the vehicle has the highest productivity and lowest energy intensity. Having made a patent study and revealing the main drawbacks of loading equipment, a new design of a paw snow loader equipped with brush working equipment was proposed.

3. To prove the operability of the new snow loader design, traction, power and static calculations were carried out. Main parameters of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinder are selected and justified. Thermal calculation of the hydraulic system was performed. Calculations were made for the strength of individual structural elements of brush working equipment. The technology of making a finger for attachment of the tray brush to the frame of the loader has been selected and developed.

4. The use of brush working equipment on the loader allows you to increase the productivity when loading snow by 11.2% compared to the serial loader KO206A, which will give an annual economic effect of 13,0100 rubles. with a payback period of additional capital investments of 1.7 years.

5. Measures have been developed to improve the safety of workers. Legal and organizational issues were developed, injuries were analyzed and calculated, provisions on the sanitary and technical condition of the place of work of workers were presented and ways of improving it were outlined. Provisions related to safety during operation on the loader were also developed.