Routing for zero-cycle device for 5-storey residential building

Contents

Introduction

Scope of Application

Regulatory References

Characteristics of applied materials and publications

Organization and technology of the construction process

Need for logistical resources

Quality Control and Acceptance

Safety, Health, Environmental

Calculation and rationing of labor costs

Regulatory References

Literature

Introduction

According to the task for course design, a technological map for a zero-cycle device for a 5-storey residential building in the city of Khvoiniki was developed. Working drawings for execution of Job Instruction are course design No. 1 for "GIPZ" object. The process chart was developed taking into account the experience of conducting work by leading construction organizations using the regulatory reference literature in force in the Republic of Belarus.

Thanks to the Job Instruction, the terms of work are reduced, it allows to reduce labor intensity. Use labor rationally.

The process chart was developed taking into account labor protection, safety, environmental protection.

The routing consists of the following sections:

Scope.

Regulatory references.

Characteristics of materials and products used.

Organization, production technology.

The need for logistical resources.

Quality control.

Safety, health, environmental.

Calculation and rationing of labor costs.

Conclusion.

Literature.

Development of Job Instruction

Scope of Application

The process chart is developed for a 5-storey residential building.

Work is carried out in the summer on a shift

The construction site of Khoiniki, Gomel region.

The Job Instruction regulates the composition and content of operations during zero cycle installation.

The Job Instruction includes the following operations.

Installation of foundation slabs.

Installation of foundation blocks (basement walls).

Installation of stairways.

Installation of floor slabs.

Regulatory References

SNiP 3.01.0185 Construction Production Organization

SNiP 3.02.0187 EARTHWORKS, FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS

SNB 5.0109 Foundations and foundations of buildings and structures.

TKP 451.03-04-2006 Occupational safety in construction, general requirements.

SNiP 2.01.0785 Loads and impacts

STB 13.072002 Mortar and mortar mixtures. Specifications.

STB 13062002 Construction. Incoming product control. Main provisions.

STB 1164099 Foundations foundations in buildings and structures. Quality Control and Acceptance

SNB 1.03.03 Author supervision over the construction of buildings and structures

GOST 1052996 Theodolites. General specifications.

GOST 1052890 Niveliers. General specifications.

GOST 941683 Construction levels. Specifications.

GOST 750298 Metal measuring roulettes. Specifications.

SNB 1.02.0195 Engineering surveys for construction;

GOST 10181.081 Concrete mixtures. General requirements for test methods;

GOST 2114380 Soils. Methods for laboratory determination of swelling and shrinkage characteristics.

P 12200k SNB 5.01.0199 Monitoring of soil compaction degree during erection of earth structures.

SNiP 3.03.0187 bearing and enclosing structures

STB 107697 structures of concrete, reinforced concrete foundations. General specifications.

STB 130702 Solution mixtures. Specifications.

GOST 8.207 93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction works. Specifications.

GOST 12.4.08784 Occupational safety standards system,. Construction. Helmets construction.

GOST 2.30768 * ESKD. Apply dimensions and limit deviations

GOST 21.10197 SPDS. Basic Requirements for Design and Detailed Design Documentation

GOST 21.60884 SPDS. Internal electric lighting. Working drawings

Characteristics of materials and products used

For zero cycle installation, the following materials of structures and products are required.

Reinforced concrete is a material in which steel reinforcement and concrete are connected in a single whole. Concrete partially protects the reinforcement metal from corrosion and perceives compressive stresses in this composite, and reinforcement - tensile forces: it is known that the metal works well for tension, and relatively brittle concrete stone - for compression.

Metal (steel) bars or bundles of wires are used as reinforcement. Valves are divided into working and installation. Working reinforcement is located in the lower part of reinforced concrete products working on bending: slabs, beams, in the soles of foundation blocks. The mounting reinforcement creates a volumetric skeleton of LBI, fixes the location of the rods of the working reinforcement, helps to fix and secure embedded parts and mounting loops.

Concrete mixture pouring with subsequent vibration compaction can be carried out on stands (with introduction of voids) or on conveyor lines, including by means of rolling or roller forming, after which articles in molds are sent for heat treatment to special chambers. The purpose of the heat treatment is to accelerate the hardening of concrete, and after 8... 12 hours of steaming at a temperature of 80.. 95 ° C, the product gains 65.. 75% its grade strength, equivalent to 28 days of hardening in natural conditions. After the product is solidified, the stressed reinforcement bars are released from attachment to the mold walls. The rods are partially compressed along the length and the stress from them is transmitted to concrete in the product - in the areas of concrete adjacent to the reinforcement rods, a stressed state is formed .

Any construction product, including LBI, is designed for certain loads, exceeding which is undesirable or unacceptable. For WBS working on bending, the building codes and rules establish the normative and permissible loads. We agree immediately that the magnitude of these loads provides a very and very significant margin of reliability and, with the correct installation of the structure, the destruction of the reinforced concrete product is practically excluded.

If you still need to make a hole in the panel, then it is necessary to provide cantilever attachment of the cut panels to an intermediate support (for example, to the inner bearing wall or to a jumper) and make a binding from a metal profile along the perimeter of the cut part of the plate with fastening (threaded or welding) on this profile of the ends of the reinforcement bars.

The characteristics of the Slab materials used shall meet the following requirements:

Have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand both self-weight and usable (static and dynamic) loads. The amount of payload per 1 m2 of floor is set depending on the purpose of the room and the nature of its equipment.

The overlap shall be rigid, i.e. under the influence of loads do not give deflections exceeding the permissible values.

The overlap shall be made of as few standard or standard parts as possible, assembled at the construction site by means of mechanisms, with minimal time and manual labour.

Organization and technology of the construction process

Installation of foundation slabs shall be carried out in the following process sequence.

Instrumental check of vertical elevations of bases for foundations and compliance of pit dimensions and configuration with working drawings of underground part and signing of corresponding certificate of pit acceptance is carried out.

Foundations are marked with the help of plumb and wire tensioned on cover along axes of building.

The surface of the base is carefully leveled and compacted. Usually, the base for the foundations is sand filling, in some cases small crushed stone or gravel. The width and length of the base are made by 200300 mm. More foundation sizes. To prevent the plates from hanging from the base pad. The layout of the base is carried out using viziers. Horizontal is checked by a rule with a level. It is laid on the adjusted ring and turned in different directions.

I start the installation with the installation of lighthouses at the corners and at the intersection of the walls. The distance between them should be 7e more than 1520 m., In the opposite case, additional lighthouses are additionally laid. The top of them is checked with leveler. Horizontal is checked by a rule with a level. Deviations are eliminated by means of installation scrap, and if necessary (in case of significant deviations) the plate is re-mounted.

After installation of lighthouse plates, wire berth is stretched and intermediate plates are laid on it.

Adjustment of intermediate plates is performed in the same way as adjustment of lighthouse plates.

On top of laid foundation slabs tie is arranged from cement sand mortar with liquid glass. Stamps. Corresponding to the project. acting as waterproofing.

Methods and techniques of labor.

Rigger T performs external inspection of the foundation slab, checks the presence of mounting loops and sends commands to crane operator K to supply the sling.

Crane operator K lowers the sling and rigger T performs slinging of the slab with a 2-x branch sling 2SK5.0, after which it gives the command to the crane operator to tighten the sling and raise the slab 2030 cm from the ground.

Convinced of the reliability of the sling, the rigger commands the crane operator to move the plate to the place of installation.

At this time, the installer M1 and M2 prepare a sand and gravel base for foundation slabs.

Installer M1 and M2 accept the plate. Link M1 gives a signal to crane operator K to suspend the supply of the plate at a height of 2030 cm from the support surface, with the installer M2 it is precisely guided by the signal M1, the crane operator smoothly lowers the plate to the support surface.

With strained slings, the installer M1 checks the correctness of the plate installation, and the installer m2, if necessary, draws it with the help of the installation slice.

After final alignment, the M2 installer disassembles the foundation slab.

Before installation of basement wall units, it is necessary to:

Lay slabs of tape foundations;

Perform waterproofing on foundation slabs;

Deliver the necessary materials to the facility. Products, accessories, equipment.

Technical sequence of basement wall assembly work.

Horizontal surface of waterproofing made on foundation slabs is checked. Then position of laying axes is performed and places for installation of lighthouse blocks are marked. Which are mounted at the corners of the building and at wall intersections.

A 20 mm thick solution bed is arranged under the installed lighthouse block, then the block is guided and lowered onto the solution layer corresponding to the project.

With the help of mounting scrap, the unit is straightened to achieve alignment of marked hairlines.

Alignment in the plan is controlled by a plumb designing the axis of the building on the installation risk on the upper face of the block, the horizontality of the block is checked by the level.

After installation of lighthouse blocks, intermediate blocks of basement walls are mounted along tensioned berth secured by clamp to upper face of lighthouse block.

After alignment of blocks vertical seams are carefully filled with solution.

Each subsequent row of blocks is laid with dressing of vertical seams for half the length of the block, but not less than 200 mm in relation to the underlying row of blocks.

A 20 mm thick solution layer is spread over the cleaned surface of the blocks. It is leveled without bringing it to the edge of the blocks by 3040 mm. Foundation block is installed on prepared solution bed.

After units are lowered into place, correctness of its position along horizontal, vertical and relative to previously installed units is checked.

After final alignment of the unit, it is disassembled.

When laying wall blocks of the third tier and above, as well as for local closures, inventory scaffolds should be used.

Work on the installation of the walls of the basement is also carried out by a link, which establishes slabs of tape foundations.

Methods and techniques of work.

Rigger T inspects the foundation block, determines the presence of loops, then instructs the crane operator to supply the sling.

Crane operator K lowers the sling and rigger T slings the unit behind the mounting loops with a two-branch sling, then commands the crane operator to tighten the slings and lift the unit.

Making sure that the sling is reliable, the rigger commands the crane operator to move the unit.

At this time, the installer M1 and M2 prepare a solution mixture.

According to the command of the link M1, the crane operator suspends the supply of the unit at a height of 3050 cm from the supporting surface, together with the installer M2, the unit is deployed and accurately guided to the installation site and M2 gives the crane operator a signal to smoothly lower the unit to its place.

With strained slings, the installer m2 draws the installed unit with an installation scrap, and the installer M2 checks its position horizontally and vertically.

After adjustment of the unit, the installer M2 disassembles the unit and together with the installer M1 carefully fill the vertical seams with solution.

Conclusion

Construction is one of the most important and large branches of the national economy. The product of the functioning of the construction industry has grown, is the creation of civilians. industrial, residential and other buildings.

With the development of science and technology, the process of construction is also changing and improving. Currently, together with the development of market relations and the emergence of a competitive environment, more attention is being paid to the economic efficiency of production.

The introduction of new construction methods (such as new methods of erecting structures, increasing the technical level, using the in-line method of introducing work, etc.) allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of construction production technology.

The presented course design solves the issues of organization of construction production on the construction site, in particular, zero-cycle installation.

Much attention was paid to normative references based on the characteristics of the materials used, the organization of work.

When performing the graphic part, knowledge was obtained on the selection of the crane, based on the given dimensions of the building, and the place of the built-up territory, as well as the selection of other transport mechanisms .

Principles of material slinging and storage, installation of elements in design position, requirements of safety precautions of zero cycle elements installation are considered.

In order to communicate with students, work with reference literature, knowledge was gained about previous works.

The work schedule was completed, the calculation was carried out, which makes it possible to calculate the cost of work, know the need for labor to distribute, redistribute it.

There were no big problems with the implementation of the course project, but a lot of effort was spent. This is my 1st course made in an autocade. Knowledge, knowledge obtained.