Residential cottage project - AR

Introduction

Currently, low-rise construction, in particular the construction of cottages, is one of the promising areas in housing construction. The topic of low-rise construction is very relevant and requires a more fundamental approach. This type of construction, which effectively solves the problem of housing, should be developed on the basis of all forms of investment - private, cooperative and municipal, state.

The design of buildings of mass construction, in contrast to low-rise construction, provides an acceleration of the pace of construction, a decrease in its cost and labor intensity, which leads to the formation of a monotonous character of the architectural composition of the facades of buildings and, in general, urban development. Therefore, the professional search for artistic means of architectural composition of low-rise buildings solves the problem of monotonicity of buildings, due to the original facade solution.

Master Plan Description

The building is located in the elite district of Kokshetau.

The building is located on a site with a calm relief (Horizontal elevations - 229.00; 229.10; 229.20; 229.30).

The coordination grid is tied to a residential building:

the left top corner - A2 - +23.1; B1 – +14.2;

lower right - A0 - + 16.4; B4 - + 10.9.

The master plan shows directly a residential building, a garage.

There are green spaces occupied, which create a microclimate for a favorable rest, as well as reduce the impact of noise, dust, gas.

In the upper left corner is a rose of the winds of the city of Kokshetau. Data :

January:

north - 25;

northeast - 20;

east - 6;

southeast - 2;

South - 2;

southwest - 4;

west - 16;

northwest - 25.

July:

north - 15;

northeast - 12;

east - 12;

southeast - 18;

South - 11;

southwest - 8;

west - 9;

northwest - 15.

Space Planning Solution

The designed residential cottage is designed for the living of one family.

The shape of the building in plan is rectangular with dimensions between the axes 1-4 13.2 m, A-G 9.6 m. The building has 2 floors, the height of each of which is 3 m. The height of the building in the skate is 9 m.

The main entrance to the buildings is located on the side of the main facade. A vestibule was designed at the entrance.

The space-planning solution of the building is subject to the requirements of functional zoning. On the ground floor there is a common area consisting of a dining room, a living room, a kitchen, a sauna, and a relaxation room. There is also a bathroom on the ground floor. The connection of the first and second floors is carried out by a spiral staircase. On the second floor there is a recreation area including three bedrooms. Also on the second floor there are two bathrooms and three wardrobes.

In the designed building, natural lighting has: residential and common rooms, bathrooms of the second floor.

Since the orientation of the house on the ground is free, the necessary level of insolation is provided in the house.

Natural ventilation of the house is carried out due to the influx of air through the windows and leaks in the window and door openings. Air outflow is carried out through ventilation channels in kitchen walls, bathrooms and boiler room.

Constructive solution

The design solution is an interconnected set of vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of buildings, which provides strength and stability of horizontal structures (floors and coatings), taking loads and impacts, transfer them floor-by-floor to vertical load-bearing structures. Building design solution is determined at the initial stage of design by selection of structural and construction systems and structural diagram. The structural system is a set of interconnected load-bearing structures of the building, providing strength, rigidity and stability. Selecting a building structural system determines the static role of each of its structures. Material of structures and technique of their erection are determined at selection of building construction system.

Designed residential building is made of wall structural scheme with transverse bearing and longitudinal self-supporting walls. Intermediate floor slabs rest on two sides on bearing walls, forming horizontal stiffening discs providing spatial rigidity and stability of building.

Bases

Foundations take all loads from the building and transfer them to the ground of the base. The ribbon foundation is designed for all load-bearing and self-supporting walls of the building, columned for the support post of the spiral staircase.

The foundation of the designed building is a monolithic ribbon.

The thickness of the foundation is 800 mm for external bearing walls and 400 mm for internal bearing walls.

The foundation foot size is 1600 mm and 800 mm, respectively .

Foundation depth from ground level is 2.5 m.

To protect the foundations from the penetration of rain and meltwater along the perimeter of the external walls, paving is arranged from concrete in sand and gravel preparation with a slope of 0.150 from the building 2.0 m wide.

Walls

Exterior walls are the most complex structure of the building. They are subjected to numerous and diverse force influences. The strength of the brick walls is ensured by the strength of brick and mortar, the joint dressing system .

Silicate bricks are used for masonry of walls and partitions. A 20 mm thick layer of plaster is applied to the surface of the internal walls and partitions of the building. The structures of these walls and partitions meet the regulatory requirements for strength, stability, fire resistance, sound insulation.

In the designed building, the external walls have a thickness of 770 mm.

The inner walls are 380 mm thick.

The thickness of the partitions is 120 mm.

Overlappings

Slabs are internal horizontal enclosing structures that divide the building by height into floors. The floors of the first floor are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete multi-pillar slabs, 220 mm thick. The nominal length of the plates is 3.6 and 5.7 m long, 1.0, 1.2, 1.8 m wide. The platform supports 130 mm along the inner walls and 140 mm on the outer walls. Floor slabs are laid on the wall along the cement-sand mortar and are attached through the slab to the outer walls with steel anchors. On the inner walls, adjacent plates are also fixed by anchors welded to the mounting loops.

Covering

The coating is a fencing structure that protects the building from atmospheric precipitation, from overheating in summer and heat loss in winter. Roof consists of bearing and enclosing structure and roof. Supporting structures in civil engineering are rafters or rafters. Sloping roof surfaces are called slopes. A triangular wall under the roof is called a forceps or pediment.

In the designed building, the roof is rafters, two-pitched .

The main elements of the rafter system are rafter legs, laid along the stingray, and support the grate. The lower ends of the rafters rest on the outer walls through a wall bar - mauerlat. The mare, fixed to the rafter leg with nails, is carried over the outside of the wall by 0.5 m.

The pitch of the rafters' legs is 1 m.

The slope of the roof slab of the building is 25 °.

The type of roof is Ondulin. Roofing sheets are attached to the screen by nails. A grate of sparse wooden bars (50 * 50) with a pitch of 350 mm serves to lay and maintain the roof, perceives loads from the mass of the roof and snow, wind pressure and transmits them to rafters. The choice of roof material is determined mainly for architectural reasons, as well as fire and architectural requirements.

The economic evaluation of the roof is carried out taking into account the cost of its operation, as well as the durability, both of the roof itself and of the building.

Stairs

The stair is a load-bearing structure consisting of alternating inclined stepped elements - marches and horizontal plane elements - stair platforms.

The main requirements for stairs are the convenience of walking along them, sufficient capacity, fire safety, economy.

The convenience of walking along the stairs is achieved by using the appropriate slopes of the marches, the shape of the steps, the correct assignment of their number in the marches, lighting the stairs with natural light, the size and shape of the fences. Sufficient capacity depends on the correct assignment of the width of the marches and platforms, the correct determination of the number of stairs in the building and their location.

In the designed building, the staircase is helical, metal with running steps, with a rotation of 270 °. The staircase is made of small elements. The main structure is a support post, to which a steel sheet is welded. A wooden stage is attached to the steel sheet.

Stair dimensions:

stage width - 750 mm;

tread width - 260 mm;

riser height - 180 mm;

railing height - 900 mm.

Windows and doors

Windows refer to translucent railings. The purpose of these barriers is to provide the necessary amount of natural illumination of rooms and the possibility of visual contact with the environment. Fencing structures consist of translucent material and its framing elements. Translucent material - silicate glass. The framing material is wood.

The building contains windows sizes 900kh2100mm (8 pieces), 1500kh2100mm (6 pieces), 3860kh2100mm (2 pieces).

The dimensions of the doors shall comply with the evacuation requirements. The dimensions determined according to these criteria are linked to the corresponding or nearest large sizes of structures provided for by state or industry standards.

Door dimensions:

input: 1500x2100mm;

- internal double: 1500x2100mm (4 pcs);

- internal single:

room: 910 mm (12 pcs.);

-in s/y: 710 mm (3 pcs.).

Exterior and interior finishes

The building outside is plastered with cement sand mortar and painted with a facade water emulsion composition with the addition of color.

The type of roof is ondulin, the basement is finished with basement tiles.

Interior decoration: Floors are lined with interstage floors to create a surface that best meets comfort requirements. The following floors are provided in the designed building:

in the hallways - linoleum on an elastic basis,

in rooms - parquet,

in plumbing units, kitchen and dining room - floor ceramic tiles.

Interior decoration of rooms is made with sheets of gypsum board on metal frame. The walls in the hallway are painted with water-emulsion compositions with the addition of color, in the rooms - glued with wallpaper. In the plumbing units and the working side of the kitchen - tile tiles.

The remaining kitchen walls are lined with wallpaper. The ceiling of the first floor is finished with a layer of trellis and painted with a water emulsion composition. The ceiling of the second floor is lined with sheets of gypsum board along a metal frame and painted with a water emulsion composition.

Technical and economic indicators

The built-up area is 154.01 m2.

The construction volume is 1386.10 m3.

Living area - 66.5 m2:

a) bedroom 1 - 12.97 m2;

b) bedroom 2 - 17.23 m2;

c) bedroom 3 - 14.06 m2;

d) living room - 22.24 m2.

4. The area of ​ ​ utility rooms is 68.32 m2:

a) entrance hall - 19.04 m2;

c) corridor - 10.81 m2;

d) kitchen - 15.6 m2;

e) canteen - 8.64 m2;

f) bathroom 1 - 1.79 m2;

g) bathroom 2 - 6.60 m2;

h) bathroom 3 - 5.84 m2.

5. The area of additional premises is 30.15 m2;

a) sauna - 4.38 m2;

b) boiler room - 8.28 m2;

c) rest room - 6.23 m2;

d) wardrobe 1 - 4.95 m2;

e) wardrobe 2 - 1.69 m2;

f) wardrobe 3 - 4.62 m2.

6. The total area is 164.97 m2 + tambour.

Коттедж САМА2.dwg