residential building with built-in office space

1.1. Architectural, planning and structural solutions

General Information

The main purpose of architecture has always been to create the life environment necessary for the existence of a person, the nature and comfort of which was determined by the level of development of society, its culture, and the achievements of science and technology. This life environment, called architecture, is embodied in buildings having an internal space, a complex of buildings and structures organizing an external space.

Most civilian buildings (residential, commercial, children's, educational, medical, spectacular) are built according to standard projects. Typing is based on the selection of the most efficient space-planning and structural solutions for a given period, which give the best economic result in the construction and operation of buildings and provide comfort when using these buildings .

The typification of buildings forming buildings does not exclude the creation of urban and rural architectural ensembles that are individual in their aesthetic appearance. The experience of domestic urban planning has shown that with skillful consideration of the natural features of the area, the use of traditional and modern finishing materials and techniques, the inclusion of individual buildings built according to individual projects, urban areas acquire unique architectural expressiveness.

Cost reduction in architecture and construction is carried out by rational space-planning solutions of buildings, correct selection of construction and finishing materials, design facilitation, improvement of construction methods. The main economic reserve in urban planning is increased efficiency in the use of land resources.

1.1.2. Description of the construction site

Object: Residential building with administrative premises

designed for the following construction conditions:

Fire resistance degree - ΙΙ;

Responsibility of the building - ΙΙ, level normal;

Fire hazard class:

structural - CO;

functional - F 1.3;

Construction site - Kemerovo;

Construction area 1B climatic subdistrict;

Estimated winter temperature of outdoor air - 39 ΟС;

Snow district - ¼ V;

The wind area - ΙΙΙ.

1.1.3. General Plan Decisions

This residential building with built-in administrative-office premises is designed in the city of Kemerovo.

Today, the territory of the building is empty.

In the designed building, the main requirements for the architectural and artistic appearance of the new development in a historically established environment are met. This facility complies with the requirements of environmental, sanitary, fire and other regulations in force on the territory of Russia, and ensures safe operation of the facility for life and health of people, as well as fits perfectly into the local architectural ensemble.

Landscaping and improvement will be performed in accordance with the requirements of SniP 2.07.0189 *.

The construction of a new residential building with administrative premises will give a modern and worthy look to our city.

1.1.4. Volumetric planning solutions

The designed residential building with administrative premises has a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame. The first section in axes 1-3 has 6 floors, the second section in axes 3-6-7 floors, and the third section in axes 611 has 6 floors.

The total length of the building: in axes 111 48 meters, in axes A-M- 22.5 m.

Parking for cars is designed at elevation -3.000. It includes parking and technical rooms, has fire-fighting, smoke-proof metal doors DMP 01/60.

At elevation 0.000 there is a basement. It includes offices of the hall type, technical premises and electric panels.

At elevation 3,000 there is a floor for offices, where offices and offices are located to a greater extent. For convenience, there are office entrances at both ends of the building.

Then from elevation 6.600 to elevation 13.200 there are 3 typical residential floors, they contain 2-, 3-, 4-room apartments .

And finally, at 16.500 in axes 3-6, there is the last residential floor, which includes one 4-room apartment.

Type of foundation-pile-strut, with pile support on low-compressible soils - clay shale.

The elevated part of the building is designed in a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. External walls - brick with insulated ventilated facade.

Low-rise part of the building with external and internal load-bearing brick walls made of clay single full brick GOST 53095.

Columns of the inner frame - precast reinforced concrete according to the series 1.0201/87 effect.2-1.

Rigeli- prefabricated reinforced concrete according to the series 1.0201/87 vol. 3-1.

Interstage floors - prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs according to the series 1.1411 vol. 60. 64.

Overlapping above the parking lot of passenger cars - reinforced concrete fire fighting of the 1st type.

Straps - prefabricated reinforced concrete according to the series 1.038.1 vol. 1.2.

Stairways and platforms - reinforced concrete on metal beams and skewers.

The walls of the stairwells are brick.

Partitions - prefabricated from gypsum-fiber sheets on a metal frame.

Elevator shafts - brick.

The roof is made of asbestos cement sheets with an external drain.

Paving - asphalt concrete, 40 mm thick, according to the preparation layer from gravel-sand mixture, 100 mm thick. and width 1m. The pavement around the building must be tightly adjacent to the walls and have an excess above the planned surface with a slope from the building of at least 0.03. Relative elevation 0.000 corresponds to absolute elevation 84.200.

1.1.5. ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL SOLUTION

1.1.5.1. Foundations.

Foundations - underground structures that accept loads from the building and transfer them to the bases. The base is soil layers, in this case loams of a refractory consistency, loams of a soft-plastic consistency, loams of a fluid consistency, soups of a solid consistency, strong clay shales. They are located under the building and have the necessary load-bearing capacity. Pile foundations are adopted in this design.

1.1.5.2. The walls are external.

External walls made of clay brick with a thickness of 510 mm with an insulated ventilated facade of the company "Kraspan." Mineral wool slabs of URSA are used as insulation.

Climatic conditions adversely affect not only the indoor temperature, but also serve as a factor in the wear and tear of the building itself. The effect of the thermos, which creates a ventilated facade, allows you to increase the operational life of the building. The Kraspan ventilated facade system has a wide range of color and architectural solutions, allows you to carry out local repairs quickly and with minimal costs, the absence of "wet" processes makes it possible to carry out work at any time of the year. One of the main advantages of this system is its cost-effectiveness. Due to the low weight of the structure and light panels, the system has an increased grating pitch.

Modern requirements for energy saving of enclosing structures dictate the use of modern technological materials and systems that solve the problem of effective thermal protection of buildings. Modern external insulation systems are clearly selected elements with predetermined properties that provide comfortable living or working conditions inside buildings and high performance characteristics of materials and structures. The most important issue of reliability and durability of the external insulation system is the use of an effective heat insulation material. Thermal insulation materials manufactured by URSA on the basis of basalt rocks can solve many problems associated with thermal protection and improving the operational properties of enclosing structures. URSA mineral wool slabs allow to solve the issue of unimpeded diffusion of water vapor from the interior to the outside, while excluding the possibility of condensation of water vapor inside the multilayer outer wall.

1.1.5.3. Columns.

Columns - prefabricated reinforced concrete, with a section of 300 * 300. Columns have hidden cantilevers to connect to the girders. Joint joints are made by welding embedded parts.

1.1.5.4. Overlaps.

Floors are accepted from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels.

1.1.5.5. Stairs.

Staircase marches - reinforced concrete on metal beams and skewers. Metal elements of ladders are connected by welding.

1.1.5.6. Windows and doors.

Windows in a residential building with administrative premises are plastic, with a two-chamber double-glazed window. Door blocks are wooden, slopes are plastered with a complex solution, after which enamel compositions are applied.

1.1.5.7. Floors.

A number of structural, operational, sanitary, hygienic and artistic and aesthetic requirements are imposed on the floors, depending on the purpose and nature of the room. The floors of any premises must be well resistant to mechanical effects (abrasion, impact, pressing, etc.), have sufficient rigidity and elasticity, be smooth (but not slippery), and easily clean. On residential floors and in the offices of offices, a linoleum is linoleum lined with cement cloth bracing. On staircases - made of ceramic tiles.

1.1.5.8. Rafters.

The bearing structures of attic coatings in civil engineering are rafters or rafters. They can be divided into three types: layered, hanging and combined. In this project, a layered system has been adopted. It is a series of parallel inclined beams (rafter legs) resting with the lower end through tuning bars (mauerlats) on the outer walls. Rafter legs, braces, as well as posts and runs are made of bars or thick boards. All wooden elements of rafters in places of contact are isolated from masonry by a layer of toll or pergamine. Sections of rafter structures, pitch of posts and rafter legs are taken structurally.

1.1.5.9. Roof.

With attic coatings, the enclosing part of the roof consists of a roof and a grid. The main purpose of the roofing is protection from atmospheric moisture. The screen serves to lay and maintain the roof, receives loads from the mass of the roof and snow, wind pressure and transmits them to rafters. The roof is made of sheets of galvanized roofing steel, since its use is more rational. The higher cost is paid off by greater durability and lower operating costs. A grate for a steel roof is arranged from bars 50 * 50 mm.

1.1.6. HEAT ENGINEERING CALCULATION

1.1.6.1 Initial data

1. Construction district - the city of Kemerovo.

2. Parameters of internal air: tv temperature = 200C, relative humidity is =55%.

3. Operating conditions of external walls - B.

4. Values of heat engineering indices and coefficients in formulas: tn = 390С, tot. Per = 8.30С, Zot.per = 231 days, n = 1.

1.1.7. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Economic indicators of residential buildings are determined by their volumetric planning and structural solutions, the nature and organization of sanitary equipment. An important role is played by the ratio of living and utility areas designed in the apartment, the height of the room, the location of sanitary units and kitchen equipment. Residential projects have the following indicators:

construction volume (m3), (including underground part)

building area (m2)

living area (m2)

total area (m2)

K1- ratio of living area to total area, characterizes the rationality of use of areas

K2- ratio of the construction volume to the total area, characterizes the rational use of the volume

Construction volume of aboveground part of residential building is defined as product of area of horizontal section at level of first floor above basement by height measured from level of floor of first floor to middle height of attic floor. The building volume of the underground part of the building is defined as the product of the area of horizontal section along the external contour of the building at the level of the first floor, at the level above the basement, to the height from the floor of the basement to the floor of the first floor. The construction volume of tambours, loggia, placed in the dimensions of the building is included in the total volume.,

Reinforced concrete structures

1.2.1 Introduction

There are two options for intermediate floors:

- prefabricated;

- monolithic.

Structural schemes of slabs of prefabricated and monolithic design are different, therefore slabs are classified by structural features as follows:

beam assemblies;

ribbed monolithic with plates resting along the contour.

Source Data

Floors and coverings are designed from typical prefabricated hollow reinforced concrete slabs with preliminary reinforcement stress, supported by reinforced concrete girders. The use of prefabricated slabs and coatings increases the construction speed of buildings.

Monolithic sections are designed on each floor.

This solution reduces the number of floor plate types.

2.2.3.5 Technical and economic indicators

area Fuch = 4854.311 m2

building area Fzas = 1012.17 m2

area of temporary buildings Ffr = 171.755 m2

area of roads and sites Fd = 667.938 m2

building factor Kzas = 0.208

area utilization factor Kisp = 0.35

2.3. JOB INSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE WORKS

2.3.1. Scope of application of task list

The scale of the use of concrete and reinforced concrete is due to their high physical and mechanical indicators, durability, good resistance to temperature and humidity effects, the ability to obtain structures using relatively simple technological methods, using mainly local materials (except steel), a relatively low cost.

The technological map was developed for concreting monolithic ponds during the construction of foundations during the construction of a residential building with built-in administrative and office premises in Kemerovo. The depth of the pile pile is 1.6 m.

Works are performed in summer time in one shift.

2.3.2. Organization and Technology of Works

When preparing, feeding, laying and caring for concrete, harvesting and installing reinforcement, as well as installing and disassembling the formwork (further - performing concrete work), it is necessary to provide measures to prevent the impact on workers of hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work: the location of workplaces near the difference in height 1.3 m or more; moving cars and objects moved by them; collapse of structural elements; noise and vibration; increased voltage in the electric circuit, closure of which can occur through the human body.

In case of hazardous and harmful production factors mentioned above, safety of concrete works shall be ensured on the basis of execution of the following decisions on labor protection contained in organizational and technological documentation (PIC, PPR, etc.): determination of mechanization tools for preparation, transportation, supply and laying of concrete; determination of bearing capacity and development of formwork design, as well as its installation sequence and disassembly order; development of measures and tools to ensure safety of workplaces at height; development of concrete care measures and products in cold and warm season.

Cement needs to be stored in silos, bunkers, chests and other closed tanks, taking measures against dispersion in the course of loading and unloading. Loading holes must be closed with protective grids, and panels in protective grids must be locked.

When steam is used to warm up inert materials in silos or other containers, measures should be taken to prevent steam from entering the work rooms. Lowering of workers into the chambers heated by steam is allowed after the steam supply is cut off, as well as cooling of the chamber and materials and products located in it up to 40 deg. Page.

2.3.2.1. Organization of workplaces

Placement on the formwork of equipment and materials not provided for by the PPR, as well as the presence of people who are not directly involved in the work on the installed formwork structures, is not allowed .

To transfer workers from one workplace to another, ladders, transition bridges and ladders shall be used that meet the requirements of SNiP 12032001. When installing prefabricated formwork of walls, girders and arches, it is necessary to provide for the construction of working floorings with a width of at least 0.8 m with fences.

Slab formwork shall be enclosed along the entire perimeter. All openings in the working floor of the formwork shall be closed. If it is necessary to leave these holes open, they should be tightened with wire mesh.

After cutting off part of the sliding formwork and suspended scaffolding, the end faces shall be protected .

To protect workers from falling objects on suspended forests along the outer perimeter of the sliding and rearranged formwork, visors with a width of not less than the width of the forests should be installed.

It is allowed to walk along laid reinforcement only by special slabs with a width of at least 0.6 m laid on the reinforcement frame.

Removable load-gripping devices, slings and packagings intended for concrete mix supply by lifting cranes shall be manufactured and inspected in accordance with PB 10382.

Protective barriers with a height of at least 1.8 m shall be installed in the areas of reinforcement tension at the places of people's passage. Devices for reinforcement tension shall be equipped with an alarm activated when the tensioner wire is switched on. It is forbidden to stay people at a distance closer than 1 m from reinforcement bars heated by electric current .

Protective gloves and glasses should be used when using concrete mixtures with chemical additives.

Workers laying concrete mixture on a surface having a slope of more than 20 deg., shall use safety belts.

Rack for concrete mix supply by dump trucks shall be equipped with baffle bars. Passages not less than 0.6 m wide shall be provided between baffle bars and fences. Transverse baffle bars shall be installed on dead end racks. When cleaning the bodies of dump trucks from the remains of the concrete mixture, employees are forbidden to be in the body of the vehicle.

Reinforcement harvesting and pre-assembly shall be performed in specially designed places for this purpose.

Procedure of works execution

Mixing machines shall be operated in compliance with the following requirements: cleaning of pits for loading ladles shall be carried out after reliable fixation of the ladle in the raised position; cleaning of the drums and trough of mixing machines is allowed only after stopping the machine and relieving the voltage .

During reinforcement harvesting works it is necessary to install protective fences of workplaces intended for unwinding of bays (coils) and reinforcement straightening; when cutting reinforcement rods with machines for sections with length less than 0.3 m, use devices that prevent their separation; install protective enclosures of workplaces during processing of bars of reinforcement protruding beyond the dimensions of the mop, and at bilateral mops, in addition, separate the mop in the middle with a longitudinal metal safety net with a height of at least 1 m; fold the prepared reinforcement in specially designated places for this purpose; cover end parts of reinforcement rods in places of common passages with width less than 1 m with shields.

Elements of reinforcement frames must be packaged taking into account the conditions of their lifting, storage and transportation to the place of installation.

Bunkers (bunkers) for concrete mix shall comply with the requirements of the state standards. Movement of a loaded or empty hopper is permitted only when the closure is closed.

When laying concrete from a bunker, the distance between the lower edge of the bunker and the previously laid concrete or the surface on which the concrete is laid should be no more than 1 m, if other distances are not provided for by the PPM.

It is necessary to check the condition of containers, formwork and scavenging facilities every day before the concrete is laid in the formwork. The detected faults shall be rectified immediately. Before starting the concrete mixture laying with vibration rope it is necessary to check serviceability and reliability of all its links fixation to each other and to the safety rope.

When feeding concrete using a concrete pump, it is necessary: remove all workers from the concrete duct for the duration of blowdown at a distance of at least 10 m; lay concrete ducts on gaskets to reduce impact of dynamic load on reinforcement frame and formwork when concrete is supplied .

Removal of the plug in the concrete duct with compressed air is allowed provided that there is a protective shield at the outlet of the concrete duct; operating at a distance of not less than 10 m from the concrete duct outlet; air supply to concrete duct uniformly, not exceeding permissible pressure. If it is impossible to remove the plug, remove the pressure in the concrete duct, by piercing find the place of the plug in the concrete duct, disconnect the concrete duct and remove the plug or replace the clogged link .

When installing formwork elements in several tiers, each subsequent tier should be installed after fixing the lower tier.

The formwork must be disassembled after concrete reaches the specified strength. The minimum strength of concrete during the fracturing of loaded structures, including from its own load, is determined by the PPM and agreed with the design organization .

When disassembling the formwork, it is necessary to take measures against accidental fall of formwork elements, collapse of supporting scaffolding and structures.

When rolling formwork sections and movable scaffolding are moved, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers. Persons who do not participate in this operation are prohibited from being on formwork or scaffolding sections.

When compacting the concrete mixture with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator behind the current-carrying cables, and when interruptions in operation and when switching from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.

When arranging process holes for passing pipelines in concrete and reinforced concrete structures with diamond ring drills

Open (non-concrete) reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures connected to the section under electrical heating shall be grounded (suspended).