Residential apartment building five-storey building

Contents

Table of contents

Task

Introduction

Architectural and construction part

Master Plan

Space planning solutions

Calculations for Architectural and Structural Part

Structural characteristics of the main elements of the building

Engineering equipment

Design and structural part

Calculation of the flight of stairs

Stair Landing Calculation

Organizational and Technological Part

General characteristic of the object

Define Scope Item

Selection of work methods

Determination of labor intensity and machine time costs

Technical and economic indicators of the schedule

Description of the schedule

Scope and description of the routing

Material, Structure and Product Requirements Calculation

Technical and economic indicators of the technical map

Scope and description of the construction plan

Selection of temporary buildings and structures

Calculation of storage area

Calculation of temporary water supply

Provision of electricity for construction

Technical and economic indicators of the construction plan

Construction Plan Description

Site TB, Fire & Environmental Measures

Economic part

4.1 Construction Cost Estimate Summary

4.2 Object Estimate

4.3 Local estimate No. 1 for civil works

4.4 Local estimate No. 2 for sanitary and technical works on construction

4.5 Local estimate No. 3 for electrical construction works

4.6 Local estimate No. 4 for low-current construction works

4.7 Cost-effectiveness of capital investments

4.8 Technical and economic indicators

List of literature

Introduction

The implementation of the state urban planning and housing policy at the present stage of the transformation of the life of our society largely determines the good changes in the social life of Kazakhstan, which is an effective factor in the general recovery of the domestic economy.

Urban planning, revival and renewal of cities and rural settlements taking into account historical and cultural traditions is a grateful area of ​ ​ activity where initiative and entrepreneurship can most successfully develop, viable economic structures: large, medium and small.

To date, a system of legislation has not yet been formed in the republic that regulates the implementation of urban planning in the conditions of transition to market relations.

The most important task of urban planning and housing policy is to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized cities and strengthen their role as the center of adjacent rural areas.

The preservation, restoration and protection of historical and cultural heritage, monuments of urban planning and architecture is extremely relevant at present. Many economic, environmental and social problems are addressed through the development of multi-storey housing.

Attaching great importance to improving the efficiency of capital construction in the new economic conditions, the resolution "On measures to implement the strategy and development of Kazakhstan" identified real approaches to solving this problem and measures to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of enterprises and organizations of the industry during the transition period to a market economy. This is particularly true of :

- implementation of scientific and technical policy aimed at increasing the efficiency of the scientific and technical potential of the construction complex, resources and energy saving, improving the quality of projects and scientific and technical developments, increasing the competitiveness of construction products, developing the state system of regulatory documents and standards that ensure the preservation of the unity of the regulatory framework for construction and its harmonization with foreign norms and standards;

- implementation of measures to increase mobility and organizational and technical level of construction production, improve management in construction with the transition from management of individual facilities to management of investment projects and programs, increase labor productivity, reduce the duration of construction of facilities, reduce the cost, energy and material intensity of construction products and on this basis ensure the competitiveness of construction organizations in the domestic and foreign contracting markets;

- reduction to the optimal level of construction in progress due to the implementation of measures for privatization, sales or transfer for the development of each construction in progress, the introduction of economic incentives that provide incentives for individuals and legal entities to accelerate the completion and implementation of construction in progress.

Object Characteristic:

Construction object - "Residential apartment building"

The construction area is the city of Petropavlovsk .

Ground conditions: loam.

Groundwater level - at great depth, groundwater is not aggressive.

The building type is civil. Construction volume - 7793.6 m3

Engineering and geological conditions are normal.

Space planning solutions

The building has a rectangular shape with dimensions in axes 113 - 36.6 m, A-D - 12.6 m.

The building is five-story with a floor height of 2.8m.

Building with basement .

Structural diagram of the building - Carcass-free building with longitudinal bearing walls.

Architectural, structural and construction solutions

The foundations are designed reinforced concrete precast tape. With a depth of 1,35 m.

The walls are designed brick with insulation and silicate brick facing. The thickness of the outer walls according to the heat engineering calculation is 640mm.

Brick partitions in polkirpich.

Slabs and floors are designed from prefabricated reinforced concrete multistage slabs.

Stairs are designed prefabricated reinforced concrete from marches and platforms.

Internal drainage to storm sewer.

Heating - central, coolant - water with parameters 105-70 ° С

Ventilation is influential with a natural urge.

Water supply - drinking water from external networks, water head 11.8 m.

Hot water supply - centralized from boilers.

Sewerage - household in the city network.

Power supply is central.

Selection of work methods

3.3.1.Planning of the site, cutting of the vegetable layer.

When clearing the territory of the developed site, green spaces are transplanted, protecting them from damage, stumps are roosted, the site is cleaned from shrubs, external structures are demolished, a fertile layer of soil is removed. Green spaces that are not suitable for cutting or transplanting are surrounded by a common fence. Trunks of individual trees entering the work area are protected from damage by covering with lumber waste. Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping must be dug up or transplanted into a specially designated protection area.

Trees are felled with mechanical or electric saws, tractors. Tractors with corcheval winches or bulldozers with high dumps roll trees with roots and root stumps. Stumps that are not writhing are split by an explosion. Bushes clear the territory from the shrub. For the same purpose, bulldozers with tooth-tillers on the dump are used.

Wooden indiscriminate, stone and concrete buildings are demolished by breaking and collapse. For the collapse of buildings, autocranes or cranes are used excavators equipped as an impact element with a metal ball. Wooden buildings can be burned on site in coordination with local executive authorities, fire and sanitary inspection.

Monolithic reinforced concrete and metal structures are dismantled according to a specially developed demolition scheme, which ensures the stability of the structure as a whole. Division into blocks, disassembling begins with opening of valves. Then block is fixed, reinforcement is cut and wrapped. Metal elements are cut after bracing. Disassembly is carried out by crane. The demolition diagram of railway structures is reverse to the installation diagram. Before the removal begins, the element is released from ties. Prefabricated railway structures that do not lend themselves to element-by-element separation are split as monolithic.

The fertile soil layer to be removed from the built-up areas is cut and moved to a specially designated place, where it is stored until subsequent use. At the same time, the fertile layer should be protected from mixing with the underlying layer, contamination, erosion and weathering.

The construction site shall be enclosed.

3.3.2.Development of soil by excavator.

Building is divided using geodetic tools and measuring devices.

boards attached to them.

The main layout axes are transferred to the washer and, starting from them, all other axes of the building are marked. All axes are fixed on the shoe with propyls and numbered. The dimensions of the pit on the top, on the bottom and other characteristic points of it are marked with clearly visible pews. Wasps are used only in the initial period of construction, since in the process of work it quickly fails. The deviation of the building dimensions by the construction lining shall not exceed 10 mm.

A pit is being developed for the foundations. The depth of the pit is 1.8 m, loam soils. The width along the bottom is taken taking into account the process gap of 0.3 m. The width along the top is taken taking into account the laying of slopes - m * H = 0.5 * 1.8 = 0 .9 m. Soil for backfilling is stored at the brow of the pit at a distance of at least 1 m. Excess soil is developed with direct loading into the body of car dump trucks. Development of the pit is carried out by frontal and lateral penetration by an excavator equipped with a reverse shovel with a capacity of 0.25 m3.

3.3.3. Manual rework of soil.

The excavator develops soil in the pit to a depth slightly less than the design mark, leaving the so-called shortage. The shortage of 510 cm is left to avoid damage to the soil and prevent overrunning of the soil. The excavator bucket has teeth, thus it loosens the soil to a thickness of 10 cm, and then manual rework of the soil is carried out using hand shovels.

3.3.4. Base preparation device for floor foundations.

Crushed stone is delivered by dump trucks directly to the laying zone after gaining design strength of concrete foundations. Leveling with frontal loader or bulldozer. Thickness of crushed stone preparation is 150mm.

3.3.5. Installation works.

Installation of foundation elements is carried out "from the warehouse," i.e. all technological operations and processes are performed directly on the construction site. Foundation blocks and pillows are stored in stacks. Height of stacks shall not exceed 4 rows.

The installation of blocks is preceded by a breakdown of the foundation axes, which begins with the transfer of the building axes to the base. For this purpose axial strings are pulled and points are transferred to pit bottom with the help of plumbs. The design dimensions of the foundations are measured from these points and fixed with metal pins so that the wire berth stretched between them is 2-3 mm further than the side face of the tape foundation.

Installation of cushion blocks is started by laying corner cushions, which are lighthouses, as well as intermediate lighthouses at a distance of about 20 m between them, mainly at the junction of transverse walls with longitudinal ones.

Intermediate units are laid sequentially from lighthouse corner unit to lighthouse intermediate unit, determining their position in plan by berth and by mounting gap between installed and early installed units.

Plate elements, which by their sides rest completely on bearing structures of the building frame, are laid on a layer of mortar and are fixed to each other by elements carrying the building frame. Seams between prefabricated flat elements of floors and coatings after their laying and fixation are tightly sealed with solution mixture. All elements of floors and coverings shall be mounted "by weight" by means of crane.

3.3.6. Stone masonry.

Brick walls are made of solid masonry, 2.5 (640 mm) thick, 1.5 (380mm) 0.5 (120 mm) brick.

The multi-row dressing system has stinging rows through 5 spoon rows. At the same time, the transverse vertical seams of the stamen rows are displaced by a quarter of the brick, and in the spoon rows - by the floor of the brick. Longitudinal vertical seams are not bandaged. In five-row masonry, stamen rows connect worstes with a zabutka. They are made only of whole bricks and are necessarily laid in the first and last rows.

The orders are set in the corners of masonry, at the intersections of the walls and on straight sections of the walls at least after 12 m. The berth is pulled between the orders, to avoid its sagging every 4-5 m, lighthouse stones or wooden bars of appropriate sizes are laid on the solution under it, so that they protrude beyond the wall plane by 2-3 cm. The berth is pressed from above with a stone laid dry on a lighthouse. The berth serves as a guide when laying external and internal versts, and on the external versts the berth is installed for each row of masonry, and on the internal - in 3.4 rows.

The preparation of the bed consists in cleaning it and laying bricks on it. For masonry of the outer verst, bricks are laid out on the inner half of the wall, and for masonry of the inner verst - on the outer half. The solution is fed to the bed, as a rule, with bucket shovels, and it is leveled with the help of kelm.

The advantage of five-row masonry is the great rigidity of the wall in the longitudinal direction, since in the spoon rows the adjacent transverse seams are offset from each other by 0.5 bricks; increased labor productivity of masons, since they perform the same type of operations at the height of several rows, without changing the techniques of masonry and the joint dressing system; lower labor intensity due to laying by a bricklayer of low qualification in a dam up to 40% of the total amount of brick consumed; increased heat-insulating properties of masonry, since at the height of several rows vertical longitudinal seams are not filled with solution, remain empty and perform heat-insulating functions .

Masonry is carried out simultaneously with installation of insulation and facing of walls with silicate brick.

Brick partitions are erected after installation of the floor, with a thickness of polkirpich.

Masonry surfaces intended for further plastering must be filled in.

3.3.7.Roofing arrangement.

Before the roofing works start, it is necessary: to check the base under the roof and accept it according to the act for hidden work; provide the brigade with the necessary equipment, equipment and tools.

Work is carried out starting from the lowest gripping marks.

Before the steam insulation device, clean the surface, drain.

Apply the curl with a uniform layer with a nozzle, preventing the formation of flows.

Foamed concrete insulation shall be laid in strips with width of three meters with installation of lighthouse rivers in thickness equal to thickness of heat insulation layer. The insulation shall be laid, starting from the most remote areas from the material supply points, with "self" work

Arrange the cement brace with stripes two meters wide along the lighthouse racks, laying mortar through the strip with compaction with a vibration rack.

The device of rafters, mauerlats, grids should be made of dry lumber. Humidity is not more than 12%. Billet parts directly on the top floor. Attach struts and rafters as per design.

Lay metal chip from overhangs to skate, observing design values of overlaps. Aprons and liners shall be installed at abutment points. The end is closed with shaped parts.

Description of the schedule

The object schedule has been drawn up for the entire period of construction of the facility. Construction commenced on 4 May 2015 and construction completed on 8 September 2015

The schedule consists of the left and right parts. On the left side is a nomenclature of the main construction work for the construction of a five-story residential 20 apartment building. The work was combined into cycles. The labor costs of workers and machinists and the duration of work are calculated. Before calculating the duration, the composition of the construction teams and the number of shifts were determined. For each work, the percentage of excess compliance with the norm is determined.

Work order is drawn on the right side of the schedule. The combination of construction processes was carried out to optimize construction and reduce the period of work.

On the basis of the calendar plan, schedules were drawn: worker movements, movements of main construction machines, receipts of basic materials and products .

The schedule of workers shows the distribution of labor during the entire construction period. The main indicator of the design quality of the production organization is the unevenness coefficient of the movement of workers, which should be in the range from 1 to 2. According to calculations, the unevenness coefficient of workers' movement was 1.5.

According to the traffic schedule of the main construction machines, the life of the bulldozer, excavator and installation crane, as well as the number of changes in use, will be determined.

According to the schedule of receipt of the main construction materials of products and structures, the order of delivery and consumption of materials for the object is determined - this information is necessary for picking the object with construction materials, structures and products.

Scope and description of the construction plan

For proper organization of the construction site at the stage of working drawings, the composition of the work plan is developed by the construction master plan.

The construction plan was developed for the period of construction of the above-ground part of the building in the following order:

Binding to the object of lifting cranes and other mechanisms with definition of zones, etc.

Design of access roads and within site roads.

Calculation of areas of temporary buildings and structures, industrial, administrative and sanitary purposes, their selection and placement on the construction plot plan.

Calculation of water demand at the construction site determines the layout of the network water pipelines.

Calculation of power demand at the construction site, establishment of power supply scheme, with reduction of power supply sources of consumers and main networks for the construction of the general plan.

Definition of Technical - Economic Indicators for Construction Plan.

The construction plan is a plan of the construction site, on which, in addition to the designed and existing permanent buildings and structures, the locations of temporary buildings and structures, communication devices necessary for the construction and installation work are also shown.

The purpose and purpose of the construction plan design is the correct and rational organization of the construction site.

The construction plan is being developed for the period of the above-ground construction cycle. The construction site has the following dimensions: 40x66.6 m, fenced from all sides with a fence of metal profiled sheet.

On the construction site there is a complex of temporary buildings designed for all workers. Sanitary and administrative buildings are located in such a way as to ensure the safety and convenience of approaches to them, do not interfere with construction throughout the period, provide maximum blocking among themselves. They are located outside the crane area.

A permanent off-site and on-site ring road is used to transport structures and materials.

On the construction site there are open warehouses on which prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of foundations, slabs and floors, stairs, as well as bricks are stored. In closed warehouses, roll, loose, paint materials are stored.

Temporary water supply is provided from city networks. Water at the construction site is spent on production, household needs and on extinguishing fires. Production needs include watering brickwork and plastering surfaces in heat, as well as filling machines with water. Household consumption and use of showers. Fire hydrants and shields are provided to extinguish fires at the construction site.

The main source of energy used in production is electrical energy. Power power is used to power machines and mechanisms, electric welding and technological needs. A lighting line is used to illuminate the construction site.

For the prevention of safety and fire safety, a separate place for smoking is provided, away from the building under construction, warehouses and the crane area.

3.16. Construction Plan Description

The construction plan is a plan of the construction site, on which, in addition to the designed and existing permanent buildings and structures, the locations of temporary buildings and structures, communication devices necessary for the construction and installation work are also shown.

The purpose and purpose of the construction plan design is safe and rational organization of the construction site.

The construction plan is being developed for the period of the above-ground construction cycle. The construction site has the following dimensions: 71x88m, fenced with a fence of metal profiled sheet.

On the construction site there is a complex of temporary buildings designed for all workers. Sanitary and administrative buildings are located in such a way as to ensure the safety and convenience of approaches to them, do not interfere with construction throughout the period, and ensure maximum blocking among themselves. They are located outside the crane area.

For the transportation of structures and materials, a permanent off-site and on-site through road is used.

On the construction site there are open warehouses on which prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of foundations, slabs and floors, stairs, as well as bricks are stored. In closed warehouses, roll, loose, paint materials are stored.

Temporary water supply is provided from city networks. Water at the construction site is spent on production, household needs and on extinguishing fires. Production needs include watering brickwork and plastering surfaces in heat, as well as filling machines with water. Household consumption and use of showers. Fire hydrants and shields are provided to extinguish fires at the construction site.

The main source of energy used in production is electrical energy. Power power is used to power machines and mechanisms, electric welding and technological needs. A lighting line is used to illuminate the construction site.

For the prevention of safety and fire safety, a separate place for smoking is provided, away from the building under construction, warehouses and the crane area.