Residential 9-storey 72-apartment building - course project

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1.1 General part

1.2 General characteristics of the building

1.3 Space planning solutions

1.3.1 Foundations

1.3.2 Exterior walls

1.3.3 Exterior Finishes

1.3.4. Partitions

1.3.5 Floors and coverings

1.3.6 Interior Finishes

1.3.7 Floors

1.3.8 Windows and doors

1.3.9 Kitchens

1.3.10 Bathrooms and sanitary units

1.3.11 Stairwell

1.3.12 Elevators

1.3.13 Heating

1.3.14 Water supply

1.3.15 Sewerage

1.3.16 Power supply

1.3.17 Garbage duct

1.4 Technical and economic indicators

1.5 Climatic characteristics of Semey

1.6 Determination of foundation depth

1.7 Heat Engineering Calculation

1.7.1 General provisions

1.7.2 Outer Wall Calculation

1.7.3 Calculation of insulation thickness

attic coating

1.8 Development Master Plan Solution

Introduction

The housing problem was and remains one of the most important problems for the Republic of Kazakhstan and the East Kazakhstan region in particular. The only correct way to overcome the real problem is the intensive construction of multi-storey residential buildings.

Construction, being a material-intensive, labour-intensive, capital-intensive, energy-intensive and knowledge-intensive production, contains a solution to many local and global problems, from social to environmental.

Construction organizations have an urgent need for large volumes of construction and installation work involving free labor resources, especially from among unemployed citizens.

In connection with the aggravated environmental problems, it is extremely important to use the natural conditions of the construction site as rationally as possible.

The course project on the topic: "The project of a residential 9-storey building in Semey" reveals the possibilities of designing buildings that are most rationally inscribed in natural conditions .

Geoecological construction proposes and justifies the incorporation of building foundations into the natural geological environment, without disturbing the general ecosystem and thereby aims to preserve natural landscapes and differs from the traditional incorporation of engineering structural systems into the geomorphological environment of the construction site. This predetermines the mass transfer system of the erected structure to the geoecological environment.

In addition, this favors and ensures the geoecological protection of the base and contributes to the rational development of underground space.

General part

The main purpose of architecture is to create a favorable and safe living environment for a person, the nature and comfort of which was determined by the level of development of society, its culture, and the achievements of science and technology. This life environment is embodied in buildings that have internal space, complexes of buildings and structures that organize external space: streets, squares and cities.

In the modern sense, architecture is the art of designing and building buildings, structures and their complexes. It organizes all life processes. At the same time, the creation of a production architecture requires a significant amount of public labor and time. Therefore, the requirements for architecture, along with functional expediency, convenience and beauty, include requirements for technical expediency and economy. In addition to the rational layout of the premises, corresponding to certain functional processes, the convenience of all buildings is ensured by the correct distribution of stairs, elevators, equipment and engineering devices (sanitary appliances, heating, ventilation). Thus, the shape of the building is largely determined by the functional pattern, but at the same time it is built according to the laws of beauty .

Cost reduction in construction is carried out by rational space-planning solutions of buildings, correct selection of construction and finishing materials, design facilitation, improvement of construction methods. The main economic reserve in urban planning is to increase the efficiency of land use.

General characteristics of the building

2-section 9-storey residential building.

The building has 2 entrances, each of which is equipped with a passenger elevator, as well as a garbage truck .

Quantitative and qualitative composition of designed apartments:

1-room: 36 apartments;

2-room: 36 apartments;

Only 72 apartments.

Total apartment areas: from 53.9 m2 to 70 m2 .

Space planning solutions:

1.3.1 Foundations

Tape foundations are designed for the residential building, made of reinforced concrete slabs and blocks.

1.3.2 Exterior walls

External walls are designed in the form of multilayer masonry made of silicate brick according to GOST 37995. Insulation - mineral wool slabs.

1.3.3 Exterior Finishes

External finishing is carried out without plastering the surfaces. Masonry of the outer layer of the multi-layer wall structure is performed with stitching.

1.3.4 Partitions

Partitions in the rooms are designed from silicate brick according to GOST 37995 with a thickness of 120 mm, and in bathrooms and bathrooms made of ceramic brick according to GOST 53095 with a thickness of 65 mm.

1.3.5 Floors and coverings

Floors and coatings are designed from typical prefabricated hollow reinforced concrete slabs with preliminary reinforcement stress. The use of prefabricated slabs and coatings increases the construction speed of buildings.

1.3.6 Interior Finishes

Interior decoration: in apartments, walls are glued with wallpaper after plastering brick walls. Kitchens are glued with washable wallpaper, and sections of walls above sanitary appliances are lined with glazed tiles. In sankabins floors made of ceramic tiles. Walls and ceilings are painted with adhesive paint in 2 times to a height of 2.1 m and the panel is made by painting with enamels in 2 times.

1.3.7 Floors

Floors in residential rooms meet the requirements of strength, resistance to wear, sufficient elasticity, noiselessness, convenience of cleaning. Flooring in apartments is made of linoleum on heat-insulating base. Floors in bathrooms and sanitary units are made of ceramic tiles. Bracing is made of cement sand mortar.

1.3.8 Windows and doors

Windows and doors are accepted according to GOST 2316678 * in accordance with the room area. All living rooms have natural lighting. Rooms in apartments have separate entrances. To ensure quick evacuation, all doors open outside in the direction of movement, to the street based on the conditions for evacuating people from the building in case of fire. Door boxes are fixed in openings to unsepted wooden plugs laid in masonry during masonry of walls. Doors are equipped with handles, latches and tie-in locks .

1.3.9 Kitchens

Kitchens are equipped with natural exhaust ventilation.

Kitchens are equipped with a gas stove and a sanitary and technical device - a wash.

1.3.10 Bathrooms and sanitary units

Bathrooms and sanitary units are equipped with natural exhaust ventilation.

Bathrooms and sanitary units are finished with ceramic tiles to a height of 2.1 m from the floor level.

1.3.11 Stairwell

The stairwell is planned as an internal day-to-day operation, made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. Two-march staircase resting on staircases. Slope of stairs 1:2. From the stairwell there is access to the roof through a metal staircase equipped with a fire-resistant door. The stairwell has artificial and natural lighting through window openings. All doors along the stairwell and in the vestibule open towards the exit from the building according to fire safety conditions. The stairs fencing is made of metal links, and the handrail is lined with plastic.

1.3.12 Elevators

Mixed collective elevator control system for orders and calls when the cab moves down

The elevator engine room is located on the roof.

1.3.13 Heating

Heating and hot water supply is designed from main heating networks, with lower wiring on the basement. Heating devices are convectors. For each section, a separate heat unit is performed to regulate and account for the coolant. Main pipelines and riser pipes located in the basement of the building are insulated and covered with aluminum foil.

1.3.14 Water supply

Cold water supply is designed from the intra-quarter water supply header with two inlets. Water for each section is supplied via an in-house main line located in the basement of the building, which is insulated and covered with aluminum foil. An input frame is installed on each section and built-in unit. Around the house there is a main fire and drinking water supply with wells in which fire hydrants are installed.

1.3.15 Sewerage

Sewerage is performed in-house with tie-in to the wells of the in-quarter sewerage system. From each section, independent releases of household and rain sewers are carried out.

1.3.16 Power supply

Power supply is provided from the yard substation with power supply of each section by two cables: main and spare. All electric panels are located on the first floors.

1.3.17 Garbage duct

The garbage line at the bottom ends in the garbage chamber with a storage bin. Accumulated garbage in the bunker is poured into garbage carts and immersed in garbage collection machines and taken to the city waste dump. The walls of the garbage chamber are lined with glazed tiles, the floor is metal. In the waste chamber there is a cold and hot water pipe with a mixer for washing the waste duct, equipment and premises of the waste chamber. The garbage chamber is equipped with a drain with water draining into the household sewage system. A heating coil is provided in the floor. At the top, the trash duct has an exit to the roof for ventilating the trash chamber and through the trash collection valves to remove stagnant air from the staircases, as well as smoke in the event of a fire. The entrance to the garbage chamber is separate, from the side of the street.

Climatic characteristics

Families

According to SNiP 2.01.0185, SNiP 2.01.0785, the following design parameters were adopted for the construction area:

- building class - 2;

- durability level - 2;

-climatic area - II,

- climatic subarea IIB;

- temperature of external air of the coldest day (security 0.92)-31 wasps;

- temperature of external air of the coldest five-day week (security 0.92)-26 wasps;

- heating period duration 207 days;

- standard snow load for the III geographical area - 1.0 kPa (100 kgf/m2);

- standard wind speed head for the II geographical area - 0.3 kPa (30 kgf/m2);

-the construction area is not seismic .

Development Master Plan Solution

Architectural and planning solutions of the master plan are developed in accordance with the purpose of the designed building, taking into account the rational use of complex terrain, compliance with sanitary and fire safety standards.

The topography of the site is characterized by elevations 215.00 sound220.00. The plot plan is completed on a scale of 1:500.

Underground waters are opened by wells at a depth of 9.5-9.8 m. According to ground conditions, the site belongs to type I for leak clearance.

By the degree of complexity of engineering and geological conditions, the site belongs to category II. Soils do not have aggressive properties to any grades of concrete and to reinforced concrete structures .

The planning elevations of the designed building are determined taking into account the terrain and in connection with engineering and geodetic elevations.

Drainage from the building is carried out to the trays of roads with subsequent release to lowered places of relief. To ensure the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions, a set of measures for landscaping and landscaping is planned at the site. In areas free from development, the construction of lawns, freely growing shrubs, flower beds, deciduous trees of ordinary planting is provided.

Underground water supply, sewerage, electric cables and heat networks are designed in the channel. Such laying of utility networks ensures the convenience of their maintenance during operation.

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