Report on pre-diploma practice: Reconstruction of the engine compartment

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1 Brief description of the enterprise, its purpose

1.1 Short history of education, location, specialization

1.2 Production Management Structure

1.3 Brief Description of Production Departments

1.4 Organization of the process at the enterprise

1.6 Average number of cars per model

1.7 Quality indicators of maintenance and maintenance for the enterprise

1.8 Method of car storage

2 Characteristics of the reconstructed production division

2.1 Division designation and location at the enterprise

2.2 Equipment in the subdivision and its technical condition

2.3 Description of health and fire safety

2.4 Deficiencies in organization and technology and operations of the subdivision

3 Existing method of organization of labor in the enterprise

4 Economic part

4.1 Describe existing wage management and incentive systems

4.2 Number of workers in the subdivision, their category and average monthly

4.3 Hourly rates at the time of practice

4.4 Percentage of general economic expenses to the basic wages of production workers

5 Planning solution

Conclusion

Introduction

Road transport in the Republic of Belarus is becoming increasingly important for a number of reasons. Its task is to meet the needs for transportation in a given time frame and in the required volume. Currently, the economic cooperation of the CIS countries with European countries, including the European Economic Union, is expanding, and an increasing number of Belarusian and CIS enterprises are entering world markets. International transportation by Belarusian road is carried out in 28 countries of Europe, the Near and Middle East, South Asia and China.

There is an increase in the volume of international cargo transportation, the requirements of customers of transport services for the timing and quality of cargo delivery are tightened. First of all, the increase in road freight transportation is associated with the mobility of transport (unlike railway, aviation and sea), the optimal ratio of price and speed of delivery of cargo, and the minimum number of unloading and loading operations.

Cars have a wide range of applications in various fields and different climatic conditions and, in this regard, are subjected to various loads. Therefore, the technical condition of the car during operation does not remain unchanged. It deteriorates due to wear of parts and mechanisms, breakdowns and other malfunctions, which leads to a deterioration in the performance of the car. Timely and high-quality performance of all works related to maintenance of the car increases its service life without major repairs, which will affect the amount of work performed.

The efficiency of using the rolling stock of road transport largely depends on the degree of development and operating conditions of the production and technical base. The PTB shall provide the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock. The level of development of PTB significantly affects such indicators of ATP performance as the technical readiness factor, maintenance costs and TR of cars per mileage unit.

Pre-diploma practice is an important stage of work on a diploma project and has the following goals and objectives:

Consolidation, improvement and enhancement of knowledge and skills gained through training in production management and vehicle maintenance and repair technology;

increasing knowledge of production economics, scientific organization of labor and design of motor transport enterprises;

Training in best production practices and skills in diagnosis, maintenance and maintenance of vehicles;

selection and analysis of materials of technological and design nature necessary for the performance of the diploma project;

strengthening and expanding the relations of the technical school with production by fulfilling real diploma assignments

Brief description of the enterprise, its purpose

1.1 Short history of education, location, specialization

The history of the creation of the enterprise goes back to the distant pre-war years.

In the summer of 1930, the first automobile enterprise of the Soyuztrans convoy was organized in Vitebsk.

In 1941, at the beginning of World War II, about 20 buses were sent to the assembly point of the city military commissariat.

After the war, in 1946 in Vitebsk, passenger transportation was carried out on trucks, partially on restored captured buses.

On April 14, 1954, by order of the Ministry of Motor Transport of the BSSR No. 505, the transport office was divided into two transport organizations.

Transport office No. 1 (passenger) and transport office No. 2 (trucks). This date is the time of the formation of our passenger motor transport company.

Auto farm was located on the street. Ak. Pavlova.

On April 19, 1960, ATK1 was renamed the Vitebsk bus fleet.

Since June 1969, the bus fleet was transferred to the newly built production base on ul. Tereshkova, 7.

In November 2000, Bus Fleet No. 1 of Vitebsk was renamed the Republican Subsidiary Motor Transport Unitary Enterprise "Bus Park" No. 1 of the mountains. Vitebsk. "

By order of the Open Joint-Stock Company "Vitebskoblavtotrans" No. 1 of 31.12.2010 RDAUP "Bus Park No. 1 of Vitebsk" was transformed into Branch "Bus Park No. 1 of Vitebsk" OJSC "Vitebskoblavtotrans"

Currently, the Vitebsk Bus Fleet No. 1 is the main largest road transport enterprise in the Vitebsk region, carrying out passenger transportation and tourist services, both within the region, the Republic of Belarus and beyond.

JSC "Vitebskoblavtotrans" Branch "Autobank Park No. 1 of Vitebsk" provides the following services:

- repair of buses;

- maintenance of TO1, TO-2 buses;

- provision of repair post;

- towing;

- busbars;

- replacement of oil and filter element in the vehicle engine;

- Diagnostics and refuelling of motor convoys;

- diagnostics of electronic control systems of cars;

- a wash.

1.3 Brief Description of Production Departments

The Technical Control Division collects information on the technical condition of vehicles in general. Based on the collected information, technical work on car repair is planned.

OTC calculates quality indicators of car repair in production for each division of the enterprise

The diagnostic station collects and transmits information to the planning group, the accounting and analysis group, and the main control.

The structural system of AS, unlike ordinary regulatory systems, functions thanks to its own analytical algorithm, which ensures compliance with technological operations and routes. All individual control and diagnostic (CD) operations in the presented algorithm are a kind of conditional operator that regulates further changes in the route of the car in the AS system.

PTO - the production and technical department - is engaged in the combined implementation of new delivered equipment and compliance with technological processes. PET organizes and is responsible for the reconstruction of premises and equipment, for compliance with health and safety regulations. The responsibility of the production and technical department includes the development of production documentation, standards and instructions. And among the responsibilities of its activities is the management of inventive activities, training of workers of engineering and technical personnel.

OGM - Department of Chief Mechanics - is designed to maintain the operable state of the main and auxiliary production equipment and the base of tools, structures and premises, and utility facilities.

OTS - technical supply department - functions as a supplier of AS spare parts, production materials for repair and maintenance of cars. The main responsibilities of the technical supply department include the organization of the AP and warehouse operations.

1.8 Method of car storage

The storage of motor vehicles means methods of maintaining technically serviceable rolling stock on the territory of a motor vehicle enterprise. There are short-term storage after completion of work on the line and long-term storage of non-working rolling stock (preservation). The most typical for ATP is the short-term storage of cars, buses and trailers in interschange time.

Two methods of storing rolling stock were most widely used: in heated buildings and on open sites.

The organization of the storage process and the number of places in the storage area depend on the climatic conditions and mode of operation of cars.

When storing rolling stock, the following requirements must be met: during storage, its technical condition should not deteriorate; there must be constant readiness to go on the line; The complete safety and fire safety of vehicles shall be guaranteed; placing and leaving cars from storage places should be convenient.

When storing cars in winter in heated rooms, the temperature should be maintained within + 5 ° С.

Parking for car storage can be one- and multi-storey, ground and underground,

Single storey parking is the easiest and cheapest to build,

Multi-storey parking lots are used mainly for cars, Depending on the method of moving cars to the upper floors, multi-storey parking lots are divided into non-vehicles • yuvny (rump) and mechanized (elevator), On non-mechanized parking lots, the movement of cars mi kda floors and along the floors occurred (sht on its way along inclined planes - ramps.

Depending on the degree of isolation of each car or group of cars from each other, the parking lots can be arena and box. Parking is characterized by free (without separation by partitions) placement of cars in the room. In the parking lots there are partitions separating each car or a small group of cars from each other.

The arrangement of cars during storage must correspond to the type of rolling stock, the order of production and return of cars and the mode of their maintenance. The arrangement should ensure the safety of their arrival and departure, economical use of the area; and easy maneuvering.

Installation of cars in place is classified by the number of rows of cars, the angle of installation of cars in relation to the axis of passage and traffic conditions when installed on storage places.

By the number of rows, the arrangement is divided into single-row, two-row and multi-row. Single-row arrangement provides independent exit from the parking place for all cars. With two or more rows, only first-row cars are provided with an independent exit.

According to the conditions of movement, when the car is installed in place, the arrangement is divided into dead end and straight-through. With dead-end arrangement, cars in the room are installed in place in reverse, and they leave in front, which provides greater mobility when they leave, Straight-flow arrangement has an advantage over dead-end, since the parking area is more fully used and the use of reverse is excluded. These advantages increase as the overall size of the rolling stock increases and its maneuverability deteriorates.

According to the angle of installation of cars to the axis of internal or external passage, both dead end and direct-flow arrangement is divided into rectangular and oblique. For road trains consisting of a tractor car and a trailer, dead end arrangement is not allowed. For road trains consisting of a truck-tractor and a semi-trailer, a coaxial dead end arrangement is allowed.

When storing rolling stock, it is necessary to strictly observe the established fire rules. Vehicles and trailers installed in the storage area shall be clean and technically serviceable.

Characteristics of the reconstructed production department

2.1 Division designation and location at the enterprise

Engine section is intended for flanging and grinding of valves, replacement of piston pins, pistons, piston rings, replacement of inserts of connecting rod and main bearings with inserts of operational dimensions, replacement of unit head gasket. The site works in two shifts. The number of working days per year with a five-day working week is 248 days. The department is part of the complex of repair sites. The engine section is inextricably connected to the TR zone and many other zones and branches of the enterprise, since the engine is removed in the TR zone and enters the washing section. After washing, the engine enters the intermediate warehouse. As jobs are vacated in the engine section, engines from the intermediate warehouse enter the engine section complex. When repairing engines, worn parts are replaced with new ones from the main warehouse. After repair, the engine is subjected to compression and pressure. Then the engine enters the intermediate warehouse and, at the direction of the dispatcher, it is sent to the TR complex, where it is installed on the car.

2.3 Description of health and fire safety

Occupational safety is understood as a system of legislative acts and related measures aimed at preserving the health and efficiency of workers. The system of organizational and technical measures and means to prevent industrial injuries is called safety.

Production sanitation provides for proper sanitation

installation and maintenance of industrial enterprises and equipment in sanitary terms (reliable ventilation, proper lighting, correct arrangement of equipment, etc.).

Industrial hygiene aims to create the healthiest and most hygienic working conditions that prevent occupational diseases of workers.

Ensuring healthy sanitary and hygienic working conditions of Soviet people and introducing advanced safety techniques that eliminate industrial injuries and occupational diseases are one of the primary tasks of the social policy of our state and party.

The main provisions on occupational safety are set out in the Labour Code. Special attention is paid to the safety of women and adolescents. Children under 15 years of age are not allowed to work in industry. Adolescents under 18 years of age can be hired only after a medical examination. The working day of adolescents is from 15 to 16 years - 4 hours, from 16 to 18 years - 6 hours. Labor legislation prohibits the admission of women or people under 18 years of age to hard and harmful work.

For women and adolescents, there are significantly lower standards of gravity for transported goods than for men .

The main causes of fires in motor vehicles are the following: failure of heating devices, electrical equipment and lighting, incorrect from operation; spontaneous combustion of lubricating and wiping materials in case of their improper storage; careless handling of fire.

In all production rooms it is necessary to comply with the following fire requirements: smoke only in specially designated places; not to use open fire; store fuel and kerosene in quantities not exceeding replacement demand; do not store empty packagings of fuel and lubricants; perform thorough cleaning at the end of each shift; remove spilled oil and fuel with sand; collect the used wiping materials, fold them in metal boxes with covers and take them to a specially designated place at the end of the shift. Any fire that has been noticed in a timely manner and has not received significant distribution can be quickly eliminated. The success of fire management depends on the rapid warning of its start and the introduction of effective fire extinguishing equipment

2.4 Deficiencies in organization and technology and operations of the subdivision

Internal reasons:

- deficiencies in the organization of production;

- poor technical condition of the equipment;

- downtime;

- accidents;

- deficiencies in the system of management and material incentives;

- lack of funds.

External reasons:

- Market conditions;

- Changing demand for selected products;

- State of logistics;

- untimely commissioning of the production facilities of the enterprise for reasons beyond its control;

- deficiencies in the system of management and material incentives

Existing method of organization of labor in the enterprise

The evaluation of the performance of the task in the category of five days and a decade by the increasing flow and the stability of their implementation is carried out jointly by the employees of the planning department and the department of operation of the auto enterprise .

When evaluating the execution of an income task, cases of non-fulfillment of the plan by an increasing flow or instability of its implementation along the route as a whole should be identified. For each identified case, the reasons for the failure to fulfill the plan are established: disruption of the flight, breakdown of the bus, etc. Depending on the identification of the reasons, the task is adjusted with/s, the system of moral encouragement is revised.

We take the method of organizing work in universal posts .

This method provides for the performance of all works of this type of maintenance of one team of workers of all specialties or workers-universals of high qualification. Universal posts can be dead ends and travel. In the maintenance and TR sections, dead-end posts are mainly used, in the harvesting section travel posts. The advantage of organizing work at universal posts is the ability to carry out various volumes of work on them, and the disadvantage is an increase in the total time for servicing the car and multiple duplication of the same equipment. In the presence of several universal parallel posts, work can be carried out by specialized teams, which, after performing their work at one post, switch to another. Thus, as a result of a more rational distribution of performers by posts, working time is effectively used, however, due to the uneven arrival of cars and different volumes of work, organizational difficulties arise.

Economic part

4.1 Describe existing wage management and incentive systems

Pay regulations for repair and auxiliary workers

Lial "Bus fleet No. 1 of Vitebsk"

Introduced January 1, 2015

1. To pay for the main workers of repair production engaged in the repair and maintenance of rolling stock, a premium wage system is established at a time.

2. A bonus fund is established for the performance of the reported work indicators to the teams. (Annex No. 1)

3. For the implementation of the monthly plan, the TO-1 team is paid a premium of 160% of the tariff rate.

The premium is reduced by 3% for each percentage of non-fulfillment of the monthly plan for TO-1.

For marriage in work, depriving an employee or team of a bonus - according to the order.

4. Compensation for repair workers of the service and repair section of third-party transport (SOST section) - at the same time - premium.

5. For night work (from 2200 to 600), payment is made in the amount of 30% of the tariff rate (salary).

6. The payment of labor of auxiliary workers, workers of OGM is temporary.

7. Remuneration of employees of the construction group is a temporary premium.

8. Depending on the working conditions, employees of the enterprise are paid a surcharge as a percentage of the tariff rate of the 1st category operating at the enterprise for each hour of work in unfavorable conditions. (For the period of validity of orders No. 141od dated October 25, 2013, No. 234 dated December 30, 2011)

9. Compensation for electric gas welders engaged in advanced repair of bus bodies - at the same time - premium (at the tariff rate determined by the contract (k = 2.48)).

For high-quality repair, a premium of 125% t.s. is paid;

The size of the premium can be adjusted by the head of production in agreement with the chief engineer.

10. For all categories of workers providing a continuous process of work with a shift duration of 11 hours, compensation is made based on the hourly tariff rate for the actual time worked.

Overtime is paid for hours that exceed the work schedule of a particular employee. To do this, an annual schedule must be drawn up taking into account the development of the annual balance for the year according to the calendar - 2032 hours.

11. Payment for work on a day off is made if there is an order to attract an employee on his day off (code 157).

12. The remuneration of car drivers (by crossing cars inside the garage and repair shop) is made on the basis of the established tariff rate for the actual time worked.

13. The time required for eating in those works where, according to the production conditions, a break cannot be established (boiler house driver (stoker), watchman), and provided to the employee during the working day, is included in the working time (Article 134 KZOT).

14. Employees sent to agricultural work on collective farms, state farms and other agricultural enterprises, instead of daily subsistence allowance and housing costs, are paid in the amount of 75% of the average earnings at the place of main work for the entire period of work in this agricultural enterprise.

15. To the tariff rates of workers directly engaged in car repair; workers engaged in the repair and adjustment of equipment and electrical installations working on metal cutting and metal working machines, engaged in the maintenance of water supply and sewerage systems, an increasing factor of 1.1 is used.

16. 20% of the amount of actual income received from the works, excluding VAT, the cost of materials and spare parts included in the revenues, is allocated for the bonus of the working sections of Gorodok, Liozno, engaged in maintenance and repair of third-party transport.

Help is provided by accounting.

17. The framer of the Gorodok site is paid a premium in the amount of 12% of the income received at the wood sawing site minus VAT.

Help is provided by accounting.

18. Payment for the period of internship is made at the tariff rate for actual hours without paying a premium.

4.4 Percentage of general economic expenses to the basic wages of production workers

The percentage of general economic expenses of workers is 20% of the basic wage.

Planning solution

We take the layout of the production building in which the reconstructed division is located and perform this layout on drawing paper A2, we show the location of the equipment with binding.

Conclusion

As a result of pre-diploma practice, I got acquainted with the enterprise as a whole and its production divisions, with the technology of servicing and repair of cars, with the methods and forms of organization of maintenance and maintenance of cars.