Railway station in the city of Novocherkask

Introduction

The diploma project was developed on the topic: "Railway Station." It consists of eleven sheets of the graphic part and an explanatory note.

The graphic part shows the general view of the building, as well as the job instructions for two types of work: for the construction of the frame and the arrangement of floors. A network schedule and a construction plan have also been developed.

The explanatory note describes the building itself, its architectural, artistic and space-planning solutions, the estimated cost is calculated, the operations to perform these works are described in more detail, issues of safety and environmental friendliness of the project are considered.

When writing the work, the materials of books, documents and reference books indicated in the list of literature are used.

Section 2. Construction production technology

2.1. Process sheet for building erection.

2.1.1. Scope of the routing.

The routing is one of the main elements of the work execution project, which contains a set of instructions on the rational organization and technology of construction production. The technological map is developed on the basis of progressive achievements of domestic and foreign science and technology, industrialization of construction, complex mechanization of construction processes. The process plan should help to increase labor productivity, improve the quality of work and reduce the cost of construction.

Installation works are carried out in two shifts during the summer period using the DEK251 caterpillar crane.

2.2.2. Organization and procedure of works execution

Prior to the commencement of work:

construction site organization works;

ramp roof and partitions are disassembled;

construction machines, equipment, tools and devices were delivered to the site;

foundations were erected.

2.1.3. Quality and acceptance requirements.

Transportation and incoming quality control:

When loading structures on vehicles and unloading them, the design diagram of slinging and arrangement of structures on vehicles and storage sites shall be observed.

During transportation and temporary storage of structures in the installation area it is necessary to observe the following requirements:

the structures shall normally be in a position close to the design one and, if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation;

Structures shall be supported by inventory sites and rectangular gaskets located in the locations specified in the design; thickness of liners and gaskets shall be not less than 30 mm and not less than 20 mm higher than height of slinging loops and other projecting parts of structures. During multi-tier loading and storage of the same type of structures, the liners and gaskets shall be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices or in other places specified in the working drawings;

Structures shall be securely secured to prevent overturning, longitudinal and transverse displacement, mutual impacts between each other or against the structure of vehicles. The fasteners shall be capable of unloading each element from the vehicles without disturbing the stability of the others;

Factored surfaces must be protected against damage and contamination;

reinforcement outlets, thread of anchor bolts, embedded and welded parts shall be protected from damage;

factory marking shall always be available for inspection;

small parts for mounting connections should be attached to the subassemblies or sent at the same time as the structures in the boxes. These parts must be stored under the canopy.

The carriage by road of large-sized structures, as well as structures requiring special conditions of carriage, should be carried out on specialized vehicles.

Elements of structures during storage shall be laid as follows: wall panels, trusses and rafters - in cassettes in vertical position; slabs and coatings - horizontally, in stacks not more than 2.5 m high; girders and columns - horizontally, in stacks up to 2 m high.

Structures during temporary warehousing shall be sorted by grades and laid taking into account the order of installation.

It is forbidden to move any structures with fiber.

Installation of structures (general instructions):

Pre-assembly of reinforced concrete structures shall be carried out on special stands, allowing to fix the position of the elements and perform their thorough reconciliation and straightening during assembly. First check the dimensions of the elements to be enlarged

structures, presence and correctness of embedded parts arrangement.

By the beginning of installation, the strength of mortar (concrete) in the joints of the enlarged structures should not be lower than the release strength of mortar (concrete) in these structures, if there are no other instructions in the design.

Limit deviations of actual dimensions of enlarged structures from design ones shall not exceed the values set by the corresponding tolerances for these structures.

Assembly of structures having reinforcement outlets in joints must be carried out by checking the correctness of installation of elements and alignment of reinforcement outlets; at the same time, measures should be taken to ensure that the issues are not bent.

It is allowed to install structures only after acceptance of foundations and other support elements, including geodetic check of their planned and high-altitude position to the design, with drawing up of the executive diagram.

During the installation of structures, constant geodetic assurance of their installation accuracy must be carried out with determination of the actual position of the mounted elements. The results of geodetic control after final fixation of the structures of individual sections and tiers shall be drawn up as an executive diagram.

It is not allowed to rely on the above structures unless such support is provided for by the work execution project until completion of alignment and complete fixation of structures in the design position.

During installation, the strength and stability of structures under the influence of their own weight, installation loads, snow and wind must be ensured, which is achieved by observing the installation sequence provided for by the PPM, observing the design dimensions of the support platforms and joints, as well as timely installation of permanent or temporary connections and fasteners provided by the project.

Before lifting structures:

Clean raised, as well as previously installed adjacent structures from dirt, garbage, snow, ice, and metal parts - from concrete and rust strains, remove ice using hot air, scrapers, wire brushes, etc.;

Check compliance of structural markings with design;

Check position and presence of embedded parts and installation hairlines;

Equip the structures with mounting scaffolds and ladders in accordance with the requirements of the work execution project and prepare the workplace for the reception of structures, checking the presence of connecting parts and necessary auxiliary materials at the workplace;

Check correctness and reliability of load gripping devices attachment.

During slinging and lifting of structures the following rules shall be observed:

When slinging with steel ropes, inventory linings should be installed under them to avoid damage to concrete and rope;

When lifting, load gripping devices should be used to ensure the uniform transfer of loads to lifting structures and slings.

Slinging of structures shall be performed in the places specified in the design and ensure lifting and supply of elements to the installation (laying) site in a position close to the design one. It is forbidden to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as for reinforcement outlets.

Lifting of structures must be carried out smoothly, without jerking, swinging and rotation of the lifting elements, as a rule, using braces. When lifting vertical rod structures, one brace is used, horizontal and planar - at least two.

Do not move structures by tightening.

Installation of structures in the design position shall be carried out according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, faces, etc.). Structures having special embedded or other fixing devices are installed on these devices.

Disassembly of structures installed in place is allowed only after their reliable fixation with permanent or temporary connections. Temporary attachment of installed structures shall ensure their stability and invariability of position until permanent attachment is performed.

Before performing permanent fixation of structures, compliance of their location with the design one and readiness of mounting joints for welding and sealing of joints shall be checked;

The grade and mobility of solutions used in the installation of structures are established by the design. The use of a solution, the setting process of which has already begun, is not allowed.

During installation, structures shall be protected from damage. Damaged structures shall be replaced or repaired in agreement with the project organization.

Transportation and incoming quality control:

When loading structures on vehicles and unloading them, the design diagram of slinging and arrangement of structures on vehicles and storage sites shall be observed.

When transporting and temporarily storing structures in the installation area, the following requirements must be observed:

the structures shall normally be in a position close to the design one and, if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation;

Structures shall be supported by inventory sites and rectangular gaskets located in the locations specified in the design; thickness of liners and gaskets shall be not less than 30 mm and not less than 20 mm higher than height of slinging loops and other projecting parts of structures. During multi-tier loading and storage of the same type of structures, the liners and gaskets shall be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices or in other places specified in the working drawings;

Structures shall be securely secured to prevent overturning, longitudinal and transverse displacement, mutual impacts between each other or against the structure of vehicles. The fasteners shall be capable of unloading each element from the vehicles without disturbing the stability of the others;

Factored surfaces must be protected against damage and contamination;

reinforcement outlets, thread of anchor bolts, embedded and welded parts shall be protected from damage;

factory marking shall always be available for inspection;

small parts for mounting connections should be attached to the subassemblies or sent at the same time as the structures in the boxes. These parts must be stored under the canopy.

The carriage by road of large-sized structures, as well as structures requiring special conditions of carriage, should be carried out on specialized vehicles.

Elements of structures during storage shall be laid as follows: wall panels, trusses and rafters - in cassettes in vertical position; slabs and coatings - horizontally, in stacks not more than 2.5 m high; girders and columns - horizontally, in stacks up to 2 m high.

Structures during temporary warehousing shall be sorted by grades and laid taking into account the order of installation.

It is forbidden to move any structures with fiber.

Installation of structures (general instructions):

Pre-assembly of reinforced concrete structures shall be carried out on special stands, allowing to fix the position of the elements and perform their thorough reconciliation and straightening during assembly. First check the dimensions of the elements to be enlarged

structures, presence and correctness of embedded parts arrangement.

By the beginning of installation, the strength of mortar (concrete) in the joints of the enlarged structures should not be lower than the release strength of mortar (concrete) in these structures, if there are no other instructions in the design.

Limit deviations of actual dimensions of enlarged structures from design ones shall not exceed the values set by the corresponding tolerances for these structures.

Assembly of structures having reinforcement outlets in joints must be carried out by checking the correctness of installation of elements and alignment of reinforcement outlets; at the same time, measures should be taken to ensure that the issues are not bent.

It is allowed to install structures only after acceptance of foundations and other support elements, including geodetic check of their planned and high-altitude position to the design, with drawing up of the executive diagram.

During the installation of structures, constant geodetic assurance of their installation accuracy must be carried out with determination of the actual position of the mounted elements. The results of geodetic control after final fixation of the structures of individual sections and tiers shall be drawn up as an executive diagram.

It is not allowed to rely on the above structures unless such support is provided for by the work execution project until completion of alignment and complete fixation of structures in the design position.

During installation, the strength and stability of structures under the influence of their own weight, installation loads, snow and wind must be ensured, which is achieved by observing the installation sequence provided for by the PPM, observing the design dimensions of the support platforms and joints, as well as timely installation of permanent or temporary connections and fasteners provided by the project.

Before lifting structures:

Clean raised, as well as previously installed adjacent structures from dirt, garbage, snow, ice, and metal parts - from concrete and rust strains, remove ice using hot air, scrapers, wire brushes, etc.;

Check compliance of structural markings with design;

Check position and presence of embedded parts and installation hairlines;

Equip the structures with mounting scaffolds and ladders in accordance with the requirements of the work execution project and prepare the workplace for the reception of structures, checking the presence of connecting parts and necessary auxiliary materials at the workplace;

Check correctness and reliability of load gripping devices attachment.

During slinging and lifting of structures the following rules shall be observed:

When slinging with steel ropes, inventory linings should be installed under them to avoid damage to concrete and rope;

When lifting, load gripping devices should be used to ensure the uniform transfer of loads to lifting structures and slings.

Slinging of structures shall be performed in the places specified in the design and ensure lifting and supply of elements to the installation (laying) site in a position close to the design one. It is forbidden to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as for reinforcement outlets.

Lifting of structures must be carried out smoothly, without jerking, swinging and rotation of the lifting elements, as a rule, using braces. When lifting vertical rod structures, one brace is used, horizontal and planar - at least two.

Do not move structures by tightening.

Installation of structures in the design position shall be carried out according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, faces, etc.). Structures having special embedded or other fixing devices are installed on these devices.

Disassembly of structures installed in place is allowed only after their reliable fixation with permanent or temporary connections. Temporary attachment of installed structures shall ensure their stability and invariability of position until permanent attachment is performed.

Before performing permanent fixation of structures, compliance of their location with the design one and readiness of mounting joints for welding and sealing of joints shall be checked;

The grade and mobility of solutions used in the installation of structures are established by the design. The use of a solution, the setting process of which has already begun, is not allowed.

During installation, structures shall be protected from damage. Damaged structures shall be replaced or repaired in agreement with the project organization.

Construction production technology

4.1. Scope of application of routings.

The routing is one of the main elements of the work execution project, which contains a set of instructions on the rational organization and technology of construction production. The technological map is developed on the basis of progressive achievements of domestic and foreign science and technology, industrialization of construction, complex mechanization of construction processes. The process plan should help to increase labor productivity, improve the quality of work and reduce the cost of construction.

In this project, a process plan for the installation of a foundation slab on a pile base has been developed.

4.1.1. Job Instruction for Production of Piles According to RIT Technology and Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Pile.

The production cycle of piles manufacturing using discharge pulse technology includes the following main operations:

- drilling of wells;

- filling of wells with concrete;

- formation of pile body by means of discharge pulse unit;

- installation of armocarkas in the pile body;

- formwork arrangement

- installation of rebar frames

- supply and laying of concrete mixture in formwork

- concrete maintenance and care

4.1.1.1. Drilling of wells.

Before the drilling of wells, it is necessary to free and prepare the base for the movement of drilling machines and machines, to mark the drilling places of wells according to the working drawings.

Attach the design position of piles with pegs in place.

Wells are drilled using drilling rig PBU2 and BGM1. The diameter of the pile well is 250 mm.

Drilling is carried out, if necessary, with washing with pure cement mortar with B/C = 0.5.... 0.6, or under the protection of clay mortar, followed by its complete replacement with fine-grained concrete of the design composition. When the walls of the well are fused, it is possible to move the fused part of the well to the bottom with a radiator using discharge pulse technology under the protection of cement by displacing the fused soil into the walls of the well and replacing it with a solution.

4.1.1.2. Installation of Armocarkas.

Installation of rebar carcass into the well is performed immediately after cleaning of the well according to working drawings of NPP or after injection of solution into it.

The reinforcement frame shall have fixing elements for its centering in the well and ensuring the required thickness of the protective layer. Sections of armocarcas should be cleaned of accidentally stuck soil before installation. Frame slinging during submersion into the well shall ensure its design position. If during inspection of the well with installed reinforcement frame there are traces of sludge in the bottom of the well, the reinforcement frame shall be removed and the well shall be cleaned.

Frame sections are connected to each other according to working drawings. The top of the frame shall be 75 cm above the pile mouth.

Depending on the ground conditions, the installation of the reinforcement frame is carried out before or after the well is pressurized or simultaneously with it. Installation of reinforcement frames shall guarantee its design location in the well, as well as equal strength of joints of reinforcement sections.

Concreting of piles is permitted only after inspection and execution of certificates for hidden well drilling and reinforcement of piles with frames.

4.1.1.3. Filling the well.

The well is filled with injection fine-grained concrete mixture through concrete-cast pipes or drilling tool. Concrete is supplied to the well by a mortar pump of PRN300 (500) type or by a pumping unit.

Injection concrete must be homogeneous and not delaminated during injection, for which its grade by ease of laying, determined according to GOST 747385, must be P4.

Before filling with concrete, the well, if necessary, can be washed with cement mortar, in any case, the injection method into the well must ensure that the entire drilled volume of the well is filled with concrete and there is no drilling mud at the bottom of the well. The diameter of the injection tube shall be at least 40 mm.

The well is filled with concrete from the bottom of the well from the bottom up until the drilling fluid is completely displaced and pure injection concrete appears at the well mouth. The pile concreting process shall be continuous until the well is fully filled with concrete.

After filling the well with the solution, perform hydrodynamic pressure testing performed by a series of electric discharges in freshly placed concrete. The well treatment mode shall provide the pile with the specified dimensions of the bore diameter, widening and bearing capacity.

Injection concrete consumption per pile as a result of treatment shall be not less than 1.25 and not more than 2.5 of the well volume.

Preparation of injection concrete is carried out at the construction site immediately before its supply to the well. Fine-grained concrete is used as injection concrete. Concrete class is taken as B17.5.

For the production of fine-grained concrete, cement of grade not lower than M400 is used, and as an inert aggregate, sand is finely and medium-grained with a size modulus of not more than 2.0. Frost resistance of concrete is not lower than grade F - 75 and water resistance is not lower than W 2. Fine-grained concretes are used with a ratio of cement: sand: water - C: P: B - 1:1: 0.5 components .

4.1.1.4. Forming a pile body.

Pile formation is carried out according to discharge-pulse technology, which consists in performing a series of electric discharges in a well completely filled with mortar.

Pile formation technology is determined depending on specific soils and site conditions and is carried out in the following order:

- energy emitter moves along the well with treatment on each horizon with a certain number of discharges, starting from the bottom of the well ;

The electric pulse with the required discharge energy is created by a mobile electric pulse unit located near the produced pile and moved as the piles are made. To power the plant, an electric panel with a voltage of 220 V. During the operation of the electric pulse plant, the area at a distance of 2 m around the station is indicated by the corresponding signs and protected by signal barriers.

4.1.1.5. Quality control of piling works.

Acceptance of drilling and injection piles shall be performed on the basis of:

- act of geodetic breakdown of piles axes;

- reports of laboratory tests of control concrete samples;

- as-built layout of piles;

- log of production of drilling and injection piles;

- documentation on the results of experimental works, including the results of piles tests as per GOST 5686 - 94 "Methods of field testing by piles"

- certificates of inspection of wells, reinforcement frames before concreting on the pile site (welding logs, certificates and certificates).

3 (three) samples of 10 x 10 x 10 cm injection concrete shall be taken from each batch of cement to control its strength after 28 days hardening under conditions similar to those of drilling injection piles.

After completion of drilling of wells for arrangement of drilling injection piles depth of wells and quality of face cleaning is controlled by means of slow lowering in bottom of working tool of drilling machine and sampling from bottom of well. Allowable deviation of well depth from design value ± 100 mm. Allowable deviations of piles position from design position in plan are: across pile row axis - 0.2d, along pile row axis - 0.3d (where d is pile diameter). The maximum permissible deviations of the pile head level from the design elevation at a monolithic pile cap ± 3 cm.

Quality of rebar carcass manufacturing shall meet the requirements of the design and GOST 1409891 "Welded joints of reinforcement and embedded articles of railway structures." After the frame is installed in the well, its position is controlled by the well depth. Permissible deviation from design position shall not exceed ± 50 mm.