Project of an individual residential building. Ufa

3 Design solution

Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 210197 * for functional fire hazard buildings F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially specified cases, pews during operation in accordance with PPB 01 .

Required fire resistance groups and minimum fire resistance limits of the main building structures:

structural walls and walls of staircases - 2;

staircases and flights in staircases non-combustible - 1;

internal bearing walls and partitions - 1;

structures of interstage floors and gypsum concrete partitions that are not lit - 0.75;

fire resistance degree - F4.1.

The rigidity of the building is ensured by:

horizontal stiffening diaphragm - disk consisting of floor plates, which are connected by anchors to each other, joints of floor plates are frozen;

spatial stiffness - connection of external walls with horizontal stiffness disk by means of welding of anchors and freezing of joints with internal walls.

Technical solutions taken during the design of the building comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary, fire and other standards applicable in the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure safe operation for people.

3.1 Foundations

In the project, tape prefabricated foundations are used, consisting of prefabricated blocks resting on compacted soil.

The depth of the foundations under the walls is determined by the calculation and is selected 3 m.

Reinforced concrete basement blocks are installed on compacted soil.

To protect the walls from atmospheric moisture and prevent erosion of soil and external walls with rain water, the project uses a pavement with a slope from the building - 13% with a length of 1 m, consisting of:

compacted soil;

crushed stone base with thickness of 150 mm;

asphalt surface 30mm.

Protection of basement walls against penetration of moisture rising through pores of building materials and penetration through foundation of soil moisture is achieved by means of the following device:

horizontal adhesive waterproofing made of 2 layers of cement mortar and 2 layers of ruberoid on mastic located between them;

vertical dressing waterproofing of basement wall surfaces in contact with bitumen soil;

horizontal waterproofing in the form of inclusion of a layer of cement mortar with a composition of 1:2.

3.2 Walls

The work used three-layer foam concrete walls with a thickness of = 800 mm from structural foam concrete with a density of γ = 1000 kg/m ³ with a foam concrete insulation with a structural thickness of = 200 mm with a density of γ = 300 kg/m3.

The structure and thickness of the walls is determined by the heat engineering calculation, and provides the standard temperature and humidity mode of the room,

Internal bearing walls are designed from foam concrete blocks γ = 1000 kg/m ³, 300 mm thick. Partitions 200 mm thick.

3.3 Overlaps

Prefabricated reinforced concrete round-empty panels 220 mm thick from reinforced concrete γ = 2500 kg/m ³ with support on two sides were used as floors.

Design position of plates is controlled by retainers in bearing walls.

3.4 Stairs

The project uses stairs made of small-sized elements of reinforced concrete steps and cosors, from which marches and platforms are recruited, as well as a wooden staircase. Dimensions of stages 150 * 200mm

Reinforced concrete staircases are lined with ceramic tiles; leaks are glued with linoleum and framed with polyvinyl chloride. The wood staircase is ground and covered with varnish.

Fencing (height 0.9 m) and wooden handrails.

3.5 Roof

Roof consists of load-bearing structure and roof.

In this project, a pitched tent roof with an attic is used. The overlay of the attic is wooden. The roof is made of metal with an external drain.

3.6 Carpentry

Window size is determined based on:

So=(1/81/5)Sn

where So is the total area of ​ ​ all the windows of the premises, m ²,

Sn - floor area of the room, m ²,

The design uses window blocks with wooden bindings as per GOST 1124186. Windows - made of wood and glass, according to the series 1,136,11 Internal doors - panel doors according to the series 1.13,10, (GOST 662988). External and tambour - according to the series 1.1365.19 equipped with automatic self-closing devices, door locks and gaskets (GOST 2169981). Reinforced concrete lintels are designed above window and door openings.

3.7 Floors

The project also provides for a waterproofing layer (s) - this is a layer that prevents sewage and other liquids from penetrating through the floor.

The structure of the floor is multilayer: the floor consists of a base, which is served as an interstage floor of the building, and a coating (clean floor) - the upper face layer of the floor, directly exposed to operational effects according to SNiP 2.03.1388 "Floors."

In the bathrooms - waterproof, ceramic tiles on glue - cement along the waterproofing layer - along the railway floor. In the living room - a parquet board, under which warm floors are provided.

Engineering support

The residential building is equipped with drinking water supply, sewerage, hot and cold water supply, heat supply, gasification, telephony, power supply, ventilation and air conditioners.

Fire Safety Design Codes

Buildings and parts of buildings - rooms or groups of rooms functionally connected to each other, by functional fire hazard are divided into classes depending on the method of their use and to what extent the safety of people in them in the event of a fire is threatened, taking into account their age, physical condition, sleep capacity, type and quantity of the main functional contingent:

F4.1 - buildings designed for permanent residence and temporary stay of people.

Escape exit doors and other escape doors shall be opened in the direction of exit from the building.