Production technology in construction

Contents

1. Initial data

2. Determination of duration of installation works

3. Prefabricated Design Specification

4. Selection of Mont-g Methods

5. Labour Intensity Table

6. Selection of installation crane by technical parameters-frames

7. Selection of mounting devices

8. Welding works. Closing of Sty-Kov

9. Installation schedule of RH-bot

10. Definition of influence zones of cra-na

11. On-site do-horn design

12. Calculation of storage area of elements

13. Calculation of TEP

14. List of used literature

1. Source Data

a) Characteristics of the building:

Two-story 12 apartment building. Structural diagram with transverse bearing walls and support of floor panels along the contour.

Construction structures and products:

- Foundations - tape from prefabricated concrete blocks as per GOST 1357978, size 6;

- External basement walls - single-layer ceramic concrete panels M100, = 1200 kg/m3, thickness 310 mm, size 6;

- Basement inner panels - reinforced concrete panels 160 mm thick, M200, type dimensions 7;

- External walls - single-layer ceramic concrete panels with thickness 350 mm, M50, = 1000 kg/m3, size 6;

- Slabs - flat reinforced concrete panels 160 mm thick, standard dimensions 4;

- Sanitary facilities - plumbing cabins, type 1;

- Stairways - reinforced concrete without frieze steps with smooth surface according to the series 1.151.1-6 vol. 1, type sizes 1;

- Staircases - ribbed reinforced concrete according to the series 1.1524, item 3, type 1;

- Loggias - reinforced concrete flat slabs 120 mm thick, type sizes 2;

- Loggia fencing - flat reinforced concrete panels 40 mm thick, standard dimensions 2;

- Roof - rolling;

- Roofing - wavy asbestos cement sheets of ordinary pro-la along inclined wooden rafters;

- Partitions - reinforced concrete panels 60 mm thick, standard sizes 3;

- External doors - panel and glazed as per GOST 2469881, standard dimensions 4;

- Internal doors - panel and glazed as per GOST 662974, size 3;

- Windows and balcony doors - with separate bindings as per GOST 1121478, type dimensions 3;

- Built-in equipment - 1.1724 series antresoles;

- Floors - heat-sonic linoleum, PCB ceramic tiles (for floors 160 mm), parquet, linoleum or PCB plate, ceramic tiles (for floors 120 mm);

The largest weight of the mounting element (external wall panel) is 8 t .

Finishing:

External.

Factory decoration of panels of outer walls of ceramic slab

Internal.

In rooms and front rooms - lining with wallpaper, in kitchens and latrines - oil coloring of panels to a height of 1.6 m, lining of walls above the kitchen row with glazed tiles to a height of 45 cm, in bathrooms - oil coloring of panels to a height of 1.8 m,

above - high-quality adhesive color; in stairs, storey corridors - walls to the ceiling - glued color, below along the entire perimeter of boots 30 cm.

Engineering equipment:

- Water supply - domestic water supply, design head at the base of risers 12.8 m of water. article;

- Sewerage - domestic to the city network, water flow - internal with an outlet towards the axis "II";

- Heating - water, coolant parameters 95700С. C-heating system - post-stage, single-tube with lower wiring U-shaped risers;

- Ventilation - natural, from kitchens 1-2 floors - forced;

- Hot water supply - from the external network, design head at the base of risers 12.3 m;

- Gas supply - from external network to cookers;

- Power supply - from external network, voltage 380/220V;

- Lighting - filament lamps;

- Communication devices - radio broadcasting, collective television antennas, telephone inputs.

Equipment of the building:

Kitchen and bathroom equipment - gas stoves, washes, toilets, baths, washbasins.

b) Construction conditions:

Wind head - 45 kgf/m2 (0.44 kPa);

Degree of fire resistance - third;

Design ambient air temperature - minus 200С;

Climatic areas - II, III

Snow cover weight - 100 kgf/m2 (0.98 kPa);

Orientation - latitudinal;

Geotechnical conditions are normal.

Construction district - Izhevsk

Construction time - May.

4. Select installation methods.

When designing installation works, SNiP 3.03.0187 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures" and SNiP 3.01.0185 "Organization of Construction" shall be used. Scope of works for installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete and metal structures is determined by working drawings of the project.

In this course project, on the basis of the task issued by the manager, we selected prefabricated structures using catalogs of typical structural elements, assembled the building according to the task diagram and determined the tags, number and mass of structural elements.

Installation of structures of large-panel buildings is carried out in the following order :

installation of foundation blocks for basement walls;

installation of wall blocks of basements;

installation of basement panels; installation of panels of external and internal walls, partitions ;

filling of seams of panels of external and internal walls; sealing and decontamination of external joints;

electrical welding of mounting joints;

installation of sanitary panels;

installation of wall stair panels;

Fill stairwell wall panels with seams installation of floor slabs;

pouring of seams of slabs and coatings; installation of stairways and platforms; installation of balcony plates;

montage of cornice blocks; sealing and decontamination of external joints;

unloading and laying of structures and other lifting and transportation operations.

The complex method involves sequential installation of different types of structures within one or several adjacent cells of the building, which form a rigid stable system;

this method allows to open the front after installation works .

In this method, for example, four columns are installed, then two crane beams, two trusses and coating plates. The cell structure is ready for further work.

Lifting of structures is carried out in a vertical way. This method is used for most elements installed on previously mounted ones. After turning, the structure rises up, the lower part breaks off from the surface.

For installation, we will use a mobile self-propelled pneumatic wheel crane with a controlled goose. Advantages: mobile mounting machines have a wide field of application. The area of work is practically not limited. They are easily moved, quickly brought from the transport position to the operating state.

8. Welding works. Termination of joints.

Permanent fixation ensures stability of structures in the design position for the period of post-installation works and operation. Permanent fixing is the final operation of the installation process and ends with electric welding of embedded parts or reinforcement, installation of bolts, rivets, grouting of joints with concrete, etc.

Electrical welding connects metal structures, embedded parts and reinforcement butt, angle, butt and overlap. Electric welding can be manual, automatic and semi-automatic and can be performed on one or two sides of welded parts. To do this, the edges of the parts are trimmed at a straight or oblique angle, and the bevel itself is made one-sided, two-sided or cup-shaped.

The main methods of welding mounting joints are arc seam, arc bathroom and electric slag. Since the last welding is characterized by a continuous process, it is mainly used for welding joints of sheet structures.

Long seams during manual welding are made with sections of length 300... 400 mm, and with a metal thickness of more than 8 mm - in several layers.

Grouting of joints and seams is carried out mainly in reinforced concrete structures in order to fix them in the design position, to maintain strength and stability for a long time, to protect metal from corrosion and to protect enclosing structures from blowing and moisture penetration, to provide the required sound insulation, obtain the necessary heat engineering qualities, etc.

Soaking of joints is preceded by work on corrosion protection, sealing and insulation of them.

Corrosion protection of joined metal elements (reinforcement and embedded parts) is performed by gas-flame, mechanical or electrochemical application of metallization, polymer or combined coatings on them. Preliminary metal elements are thoroughly cleaned, and before application of paint coatings they are cut off. The most common paint coatings are perchlorovinyl lacquers, polystyrene adhesives, epoxy lacquers, as well as their mixtures with cements.

Sealing of joints is carried out in cases when it is necessary to prevent moisture penetration into the building. For this purpose, various porous sealing pads (porosol, hernite, etc.) or special sealing mastic (thiocol, polyisobutylene, etc.) are used. Sealing gaskets are laid in horizontal seams during installation, and in vertical ones - after structures are fixed. Sealing mastic is applied with syringes under pressure.

During insulation of joints, various heat-insulating materials are used in the form of inserts made of polystyrene foam, semi-rigid glass fiber or mineral wetted, which are wrapped with synthetic captive or pergamine to prevent wetting. Joints are sealed and insulated usually when mounting external wall panels and blocks.

Surfaces of joined reinforced concrete structures before laying in them

tones shall be cleaned of dirt, blown with compressed air or washed with water.

The process of laying the concrete (solution) mixture can be carried out mechanically with the help of solution pumps and air superchargers or manually.

9. Installation Work Schedule.

The combined schedule is developed for the installation of precast reinforced concrete structures of the entire building during two-shift operation of installation cranes and an eight-hour working day.

When compiling the summary schedule, the standard costs of the machine operation time, the labor costs of the installers, and the cost of labor are used; accepted method of installation works; schedule of installation works on the grip.

In the summary schedule, the assembly work in the individual streams is linked to welding and joint grouting. The link of electric welders or concrete installers serves several streams, so such work is separated into an independent stream.

The number of links is taken in accordance with the recommendations of the ENiRA. Execution of the plan is accepted in the range from 100 to 120%. These figures 8 are determined by dividing labour intensity into the designed structure of the link and are deposited in the right part of the graph (figure 9) in the received time scale. The graph is drawn on millimeter paper and sutured to the explanatory note.