Production one-storey building

1. Source Data

• Number of spans - 2

• Span width - 18.24.18 m

• Number of temperature blocks - 2

• Temperature block length - 60 m

• Pitch of extreme columns - 6 m

• Pitch of middle columns - 12 m

• Truss bottom elevation - + 9.600

• Elevation of bottom of crane beams of extreme rows - + 5.700

• Elevation of bottom of crane beams of middle rows - + 5.300

• Lifting capacity of bridge cranes - 10 t

2. Brief description of the building

The building rectangular in the plan, the sizes in axes of 60х120 m. Consists of three flights of 18,24,18 m. On length the building consists of two temperature blocks on 60 m. Monolithic foundations of glass type. Precast reinforced concrete columns weighing: extreme rows - 5.8t, middle rows - 8.1t. Reinforced concrete crane beams weighing 2.8t (for 6m) and 5t (for 12m). External enclosure made of ceramic concrete wall panels measuring 6x1.2m, weighing 4.032t. Rafter trusses red-skinned reinforced concrete 18m weighing 10.5t, 24m weighing 14.2t. Coating of reinforced concrete slabs with a size of 3x12m , weighing 10.8t.

The roof is rolled, three-layer ruberoid carpet for vapor insulation and insulation. Concrete floors.

3. Selection of methods and organizational and technical solutions for installation

3.1 Selection of installation method

For the installation of single-story industrial buildings, depending on the sequence of installation of structural elements, a differentiated (separate), complex (combined) and combined (mixed) installation method is used. Each of the installation methods has its advantages and disadvantages.

For example: the disadvantages of the differentiated method are a large number of crane passes to the span and a long period of time from the beginning of installation to the delivery of the first span cells. Disadvantage of complex method is necessity of frequent change of mounting equipment and installation of elements of different mass by one crane.

In this course project, for the construction of a one-story industrial building, a combined installation method is adopted, which combines the elements of the first two methods. Columns, crane beams and wall panels are mounted separately (by a differentiated method), and rafters and coating plates - by a complex method. As a result, with a differentiated method, labor productivity is higher and design installation is more accurate, and with a combined method, the front for subsequent work is opened faster. As a result, the number of tooling units and the construction time are reduced.

3.2 Tooling, slinging and grasping of structures

To ensure reliable, safe conditions, all lifting and installation processes are performed by equipping the mounted structures with a set of accessories:

• for slinging and holding (crossarms, cables);

• for convenience and safety of work (portable, staircase, mounted cradles - for installation of wall panels)

3.3 Orientation and installation of structures.

Spatial orientation of structures (long trusses, crane beams) in the process of their movement by crane to the place of installation is carried out using flexible braces. Orientation of structures during installation on support surfaces in order to ensure their design position:

• for columns - forced method (using conductors);

• for other structures - manually, using braces.

6. Description of technological processes and operations

6.1 Earthworks

Work execution and acceptance shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 111876.

Excavation works begin with the execution of planning works, before the start of which measures should be taken to protect the site from surface and groundwater, or to establish water supply, as well as breakdown work.

Before performing the main planning work, the layer of fertile soil must be removed and stored in the dump. During planning works it is not allowed to leave closed downgrades not provided for by the design.

Planning work is carried out by bulldozer DZ34S. Development of soil for the bases is made by the excavator on EO3311T on caterpillar to the course with a capacity of ladle of 0.65 m.

6.2 Concrete works

They include the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations, foundations for floors and local closures. Concrete mixture is supplied to the place of laying in buckets with capacity of 1.6m3.

Concrete is delivered from the construction base by ABS6 auto-concrete mixer; unloading goes directly to the badges. Compaction of concrete mixture in formwork is performed by vibrator IV47. Compacted concrete shall be protected against moisture loss and temperature deformations.

Formwork of monolithic foundations is assembled from inventory boards. The reinforcement frame is made of welded grids and installed manually.

6.3 Installation of precast reinforced concrete structures

It is carried out according to Construction Norms and Regulations 1111680.

Prior to installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of the above-ground part, work on the construction of foundations and vertical layout must be carried out. At the places of filling, the soil is laid in layers with a thickness of 1520 cm and is carefully compacted. First, columns with crane beams are mounted, then foundation beams and wall panels are installed in parallel with the installation of rafters and slabs.

6.4 Installation of reinforced concrete columns

It is carried out according to Construction Norms and Regulations 1111680.

Installation of columns is performed with preliminary laying, at the same time they are laid out in such a way that bending moment, which occurs during lifting, acts in the plane of greatest rigidity of the column. The columns are lifted to the vertical position by turning around the base and moving the hook from the column head to the foundation.

Reinforced concrete columns are slung from the ground, columns are fixed in the foundation cup - using wedges, in addition, bracing is installed.

6.5 Installation of crane beams

Preliminary preparation is performed by cleaning embedded parts and joints. Rise

beams are made by means of crossbeam. Design position of beams

is achieved by alignment of hairlines on mounted and support structures.

Crane beams shall be installed with temporary attachment,

ensuring their subsequent reconciliation within individual spans

buildings.

6.6 Installation of rafter trusses

It is mounted by means of crossbeam with slings, fixing them in girth for two points of upper belt. The truss is turned by means of braces.

Before disassembly the trusses shall be adjusted and fixed on the support structures by temporary links or bracing.

6.7 Installation of coating plates

Installation of the coating plates is carried out "from the wheels," according to the hour schedule.

Laid after installation of each next truss and provided

Link Project. The procedure and direction of the plates laying shall ensure stability of the installed structure and the possibility of the plates welding to the load-bearing structures. Coating plates are laid from edge to center. The position of the support ribs of the plates relative to the centers of the truss assemblies along their belts and the size of the support platforms should be specially monitored. Slabs are fixed to rafter truss after installation of each slab in three units to embedded parts.

6.8 Installation of wall panels

It is mounted immediately after installation of load-bearing structures. Position of wall panels by height is controlled by beacons or by risks of elevations. Vertical control of the panels is carried out along the longitudinal face. Sealing of joints between wall panels is performed by UM40 machine.

6.9 Roofing works

They begin after the completion of all work, which in the future could cause damage in the finished roof carpet. Roofing arrangement on prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs starts with soaking of joints of bearing slabs, is masked with solution and surface of slabs is cut off under sticker of steam insulation, water intake funnels are arranged and fixed. Then steam insulation is glued, heat insulation is laid on mastic or on thin layer of sand.

6.10 Finishing works

The building presented for handover for finishing works shall have

complete: installation of the main structural elements, final cutting and sealing of the seams between the panels, all electrical work, installation and pressing of the heating system, permanent water supply, installation and flushing of the sewage system, inspection of the ventilation channels. Final finishing (plaster, painting, lining) is done from top to bottom.

7. Geodetic control

Geodetic works in construction include organization of geodetic breakdown base and performance of various works during construction. The main geodetic work is carried out by a specialized link. The location of parts of the building can be determined by the engineering personnel of the construction site.

Geodetic control is carried out throughout the construction, several checks are made, according to the results of which executive surveys are made.

The base check includes the base elevation check and the base horizontal check.

Check of planned and high-altitude position of structures. Upon completion of foundation pouring, their survey is carried out and executive diagram is made.

Check of building axis splitting. During such a check, the angle between the axes of the building and its linear dimensions are measured.

Deviations shall not exceed:

- deviation of axes of shell foundations from laying axes of 12 mm;

- deviation of elevations of the bottom surface of the foundation shell until laying of the leveling layer 20 mm;

Before erection of columns with theodolite, position of transverse and longitudinal axes of foundations in plan and leveling is checked - elevations of support surfaces of foundations, bottom of cups.

Columns are installed under constant geodetic control. The vertical installation of the columns, the planned and high-altitude position of the columns are checked, and the deviation from the design should not exceed:

- by height of support surface + 5 mm;

- displacement of column axes relative to layout axes (in lower section) + 5 mm;

- displacement of column axes relative to layout axes (in upper section) + 27mm;

During installation of crane beams, leveling of elevations of each end of the beam is performed. Using theodolite, design axes of crane paths are fixed. Deviations shall not exceed:

- SNiP 3.03.0187 allows displacement of the beam axis from the laying axis of 5 mm;

- displacement of the beam support edge from the column axis by 20 mm;

- deviation of distance between axes of crane rails of one span + 10mm;

- displacement of rail axis from crane beam axis + 15 mm;

- deviation of elevations of upper shelves of crane beams and rails on two adjacent columns along the row at distance L between columns -0.001L, but not more than 15 mm;

Alignment of trusses consists in check of straightness of belts, vertical plane of trusses is performed by plumb. The distance between trusses in axes is checked, the elevations of truss belts are checked. Established tolerances for deviations of reinforced concrete trusses:

- displacement of trusses axes along the lower belt relative to axes on support structures + 5 mm;

- deviation of distances between axes of coating trusses in the level of upper belts from design ones + 20 mm;

Deviations from design position of reinforced concrete slabs and wall panels shall not exceed:

- difference of elevations of support surfaces of two following slabs in the joint of 10mm;

- displacement in plan on support surfaces in trusses units of 6 mm;

- offset of axes or faces of the wall panels in the lower section relative to the laying axes of 5 mm;

- deviation of wall panel planes in upper section from vertical 10 mm;

- difference of elevations of ends of horizontally installed panels at panel length 6m - 5mm;

8. List of hidden works certificates

Documents on the preparatory cycle:

- building breakdown;

- breakdown of the building axes;

Zero Cycle Documents:

- inspection of open ditches and pits for foundations;

- construction of foundations;

- installation of reinforced concrete columns of the frame and their zoning in cups;

- welding and grouting of column joints;

- waterproofing of foundations;

- acceptance of foundations for installation of columns;

- verification of foundations laying;

- arrangement of floors on the ground;

Documents on the above-ground part of the building:

- installation of building walls;

- installation of links by columns;

- anchoring of floors;

- arrangement of visors before entrance to the building;

- roofing arrangement;

- installation of trusses;

- installation of crane beams;

- installation of wall panels;

- installation of coating plates;

- grounding and lightning protection;

- inspection of formwork before concreting;

- sealing and decontamination of wall panel seams;

- acceptance of building facades;

- filling and glazing of light openings;

- installation and testing of internal drains;

- corrosion protection of welding places of embedded parts;

- concreting of individual slab sections;

Documents on internal sanitary equipment:

- hydraulic test of the central heating system;

- inspection of the water supply system;

- hydraulic testing of the piping system;

- fire alarm device;

- acceptance of fire hydrants;

- acceptance of external storm water, domestic and industrial sewage;

- acceptance of electrical networks;

Hidden Work Types

Earthworks: examination of the breakdown of earthworks; soil survey.

Floors: preparation of the base for floors on the ground; check for backfilling in trenches; removal and use of fertile soil for reclamation; inspection of soil foundation quality; compliance with technology at layer-by-layer compaction of soils; check of trenches compliance with the design one.

Bases and foundations: prior to the start of the foundation arrangement, the foundation preparation shall be in accordance with the act indicating the dimensions, elevations of the bottom of the pit, compliance with the actual stratum of the soil taken into account in the design, checking the absence of violations of the soil bases and the quality of their compaction, taking soil samples for laboratory studies, taking control concrete samples.

Cast-in-situ and reinforced concrete structures: inspection of the formwork installed and prepared for concreting; compliance of reinforcement and embedded parts with working drawings; acceptance and verification of all structures, their elements, laid in the process of subsequent concreting; acceptance of quality of finished reinforced concrete structures.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures: welding works; inspection of corrosion protection of metal; grouting of joints; sealing and sealing of joints and joints; acceptance of mounted structures of the whole structure and its separate parts.

Metal structures: selective inspection of joint welds; acceptance of areas of building structures support on supports.

Roof and waterproofing: acceptance of surfaces for waterproofing; acceptance of roll carpet; acceptance of insulation layers before laying the next layer; acceptance of insulation in areas to be further covered by subsequent layers.

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