Power supply of mineral wool products manufacturing plant - diploma

Contents

Introduction

1 Electrical part of the project

1.1 Production technology

1.2 Substantiation of power supply scheme

1.3 Calculation of electrical loads of the workshop

1.4 Selection of switching equipment

1.5 Calculation of electrical loads of the plant

1.6 Reactive power compensation

1.7 Calculation of power losses in shop transformers

1.8 Cartogram of electrical loads

1.9 Technical - economic comparison of power supply options

1.10 Calculation of short-circuit currents

1.11 Selection of 10 kV power cables

1.12 Calculation of 35 kV lines

1.13 Equipment selection

1.14 Relay protection and automation

2 Economic part of the project

2.1 Organization of production

2.2 Organization of the Energy Service

2.3 Calculation of capital investments

2.4 Determining the Cost of Electricity

2.5 Organization of remuneration

2.6 Determining the Need for Accessories and Spare Parts

2.7 Organization of repairs and determination of the number of repair personnel

3 Project safety and environmental friendliness

3.1 Ensuring safety during operation of electrical equipment

3.2 Substation lightning protection

3.3 Calculation of grounding conductor in homogeneous ground

3.4 Protective disconnection device

3.5 Fire Safety

4 Special part

4.1 Automatic frequency unloading

4.2 Basic requirements for ACR

4.3 Frequency AV

Conclusion

List of literature

Introduction

A power supply system is a complex of devices for the production, transmission and distribution of electric energy.

Power supply systems of industrial enterprises provide electricity to industrial consumers.

The main consumers are electric drives of various machines and mechanisms, electric lighting, electric furnaces and heating devices.

The operation of industrial electric drives and other consumers should be in strict compliance with both individual electric receivers and electric drive complexes that ensure the operation of complex mechanisms

Operation of electric power receivers depends on its quality. The quality of the electric power, and in particular the deviation of the voltage, causes a change in the speed of the electric drives, which reduces or increases the efficiency of the mechanisms. This circumstance can lead to marriage, or even to a complete shutdown of the technological process.

The impact of the power supply system on the production process is very large. Suffice it to say that the production process is largely determined by the indicators of the industrial power supply system and electric drives, which ensure the normal operation of the entire enterprise.

The development of industrial enterprises, the growth of production and consumption of electric energy pose an increasingly difficult task for science and practice, associated with technical and economic justifications in the design and operation of power supply systems (SES) of industrial enterprises. Reliability and economy are the most important requirements for the designed and existing SES of industrial enterprises.

It is difficult to imagine without electricity the life of modern society, whose economic, technical and cultural development is largely due to its wide application.

The diverse use of electricity in all areas of national economy and life is explained by a number of significant advantages of it compared to other types of energy:

- The possibility of economic transmission over long distances;

- ease of conversion to other types of energy (mechanical with the help of electric motors, thermal with the help of electric heating devices, light with the help of electric lamps);

- simplicity of distribution between any number of consumers of any capacity;

- possibility of obtaining electric power from other types of energy (thermal, hydraulic, atomic, wind and solar energy).

Enterprises have two power supply systems: external and internal. The external power supply system includes air and cable power lines from the outputs of the district substation (RPS) to the busbars of the main lowering substation (GPP) of the enterprise. Power is supplied to GPP for voltage: 6,10,35,110 and 220 kV.

External power supply is designed taking into account the development of the enterprise. The selection of the voltage applied to the MCG buses is based on a feasibility comparison of the options, with higher voltage being preferred. At least two supply power lines are laid for external power supply system. If one of them fails, the other must ensure the normal operation of the enterprise.

The internal power supply system of the enterprise includes GPP.

Power supply systems of industrial enterprises provide electricity to industrial consumers. The main consumers are electric drives of various machines and mechanisms, electric lighting, electric heating devices, including electric furnaces.

The impact of the power supply system on the production process is very large. The production process is largely determined by the indicators of the industrial power supply system and electric drives, which ensure the normal operation of the entire industrial enterprise.

The following requirements are imposed on electricity supply in this regard:

- high quality of electric power for consumers (stability of voltage and frequency); reliability of power supply;

- economy and safety of all power supply components.

Power supply schemes shall be selected taking into account categories of electric power receivers.

Due to the above, in the interests of the normal operation of an industrial enterprise, it is necessary to have a fairly complete knowledge of the set of electricity supply issues.

In this work, the task is to develop a power supply system that meets modern operating requirements and does not differ in excessive high-cost execution.

1 electrical part

1.1 production technology

Construction in Kazakhstan is rapidly increasing pace, for the normal development of the construction industry it is necessary to use its own building materials. To do this, you need to invest in the construction of new plants that meet world standards. The plant for the production of mineral wool products is important for the construction industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The new plant will produce modern thermal insulation materials from basalt fiber.

Fabrication of mineral wool heat insulation materials is made from mineral wool using a synthetic binder.

The plant consists of the following productions:

- electrical equipment repair shop;

The repair and mechanical workshop is designed for repair and adjustment of electromechanical devices that fail.

The workshop has two sections in which the equipment necessary for repair is installed: turning, strict, milling, drilling machines, etc. The workshop provides rooms for transformer substation (TP), fan, tool room, warehouses, welding stations, administration, etc.

- mineral wool products workshop (main);

The mineral wool products workshop is designed for heating of heat-insulating finished products.

- Transport shop;

The transport workshop is an auxiliary workshop of the plant for the manufacture of mineral wool products. It contains a machine room, office rooms, a repair site and auxiliary rooms.

- pump station;

Pump station is designed for reclamation. It contains a machine room, a repair site, an aggregate, a welding post, office, household and auxiliary rooms.

- finished product warehouse;

The finished products warehouse is an auxiliary building for the plant for the manufacture of mineral wool thermal insulation products. Designed to store finished products.

- administrative and household building;

The administrative and household building contains office premises, household premises, auxiliary premises.

- garage;

Designed for parking cars.

- material warehouse,

The material warehouse is an auxiliary building for the plant for the manufacture of mineral wool thermal insulation products. Designed to store materials.

- mechanical workshop

The mechanical workshop is auxiliary and carries out the orders of the main workshops of the enterprise.

It is designed to perform various operations for maintenance, repair of electrothermal and machine equipment.

For this purpose, the workshop provides: machine compartment, welding section, compressor, production, office and household premises.

The main equipment is installed in the machine compartment: machines for various purposes and lifting and transportation mechanisms.

- grinding shop

Grinding shop is designed for high-quality machining of surfaces of articles by mechanical and chemical method.

In the grinding shop there are: a machine compartment, auxiliary and household rooms. The machine compartment refers to a dust room, since during mechanical grinding dust is constantly and in large quantities released, which is removed by the ventilation system.

Consumers of future products will be metallurgical plants, thermal power plants, oil and gas enterprises and energy. The plant's products are also widely used in the field of civil and industrial construction: insulation of facades, roofs, foundations and basements of buildings, heat insulation of pipelines. Due to the fact that mineral wool products have a high degree of fire resistance and belong to the group of non-combustible materials, this makes it possible to use this product for fire protection of load-bearing structures of buildings.

Use of basalt rock smelting technology in coke-and-gas cupola, production of fibre with the help of multi-roll centrifuge, binder preparation and supply system, automatic line for production of heat-insulating plates of specified size and density, final product packaging devices - all these systems in the complex correspond to the world level.

1.2 substantiation of power supply scheme

According to the production technology, electric receivers of the main production cycle belong to the second category in terms of power supply reliability. Workshop accessories belong to different categories, including the first and third.

External power supply is performed by two overhead power lines from the system, at 35kV voltage. To convert this voltage to the supply voltage of high-voltage equipment, a GPP is provided, with two transformers TDN4000/35, selected on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of the options. At a voltage of 35 kV, an OPC is made, on which power transformers and main electric devices of 35 kV are openly installed. The following Russian-made vacuum switches of type VVK35B with current transformers TFZM35U1 are installed on the ORU35 kV; RNDZ35/1000U1 disconnectors; over-voltage limiters of OPN35. The electrical connection diagram consists of two switches, two disconnectors used for line disconnections.

For power supply of 10 kV electric receivers at low voltage of GPP transformers, ZRU10 kV is built on the territory of the GPP.

On ZRU10 of kV the single partitioned system of tires is used. The switchgear is equipped with KSO210 cells with vacuum switches of VBE1020630U3 type with EM drive. From ZRU10 two-transformer substations with TSZs63010/0,4 transformers with cables of brand AASHVU eat (3х50 ).

According to the neutral mode of the network 35kV and 10kV with isolated neutral, 0.4kV with de-grounded neutral.

3.1 Ensuring safety during operation of electrical equipment

Grounding. Housings of electrical machines, transformers, lamps, devices and other metal non-current-carrying parts may be energized when their current-carrying parts are closed to the housing. If the housing has no contact with the ground, touching it is as dangerous as touching the phase. If the housing is grounded, then it will be under less voltage, not dangerous to humans. Permissible parameters of contact voltage and current passing through the human body are 36 V and 6A, respectively. This substation is grounded along the circuit, the grounding conductors are located at a short distance from each other. The grounding fields are superimposed and any point on the ground surface within the loop has significant potential. As a result, the potential difference between the points is reduced and the touching factor 1 is much less than one.

Protective shutdown device. The use of ultrasound is appropriate and justified for social and economic reasons in electrical installations of all possible types and of various purposes. The costs of installing the ultrasound are not commensurably less than the possible damage - death and injuries of people from electric shock, fire, fires and their consequences that occurred due to failures of electrical wiring and electrical equipment.

4.1 Automatic frequency unloading

Prevention of dangerous frequency reductions. Purpose of AChR

Automatic frequency unloading (AFR) is the main means of preventing the dangerous development of accidents caused by the occurrence of a significant shortage of active power. Such accidents in the absence of AP limiting frequency reduction can cause an avalanche of frequency and voltage with stopping of power plants and complete disruption of power supply to consumers.

Automatic frequency unloading was proposed in the late 30s, and its widespread introduction began in the post-war years. The use of ACR played a large role in improving the reliability of power systems and became part of the measures, the use of which became mandatory for all energy systems of the country.

At the first stages of the implementation of ACR in isolated power systems and territorial energy associations, a small number of ACR queues with setpoints, usually within 47.545 Hz, were usually established; in some cases, the amount of unloading was insufficient to prevent the development of accidents in case of especially significant (rare, realistically possible) power balance violations; in particular, the required amount of unloading was underestimated and the set points of ACF devices actuation in excess power systems (parts of power associations) were underestimated. Even when the action of AFR devices in the event of an emergency power shortage prevented a dangerous decrease in frequency, frequency hovering was often observed at the level of lower AFR setpoints. This led to a delay in the elimination of accidents and posed a threat of complete disruption in cascade accidents.

The elimination of these shortcomings, the further development and improvement of ASF gained special importance in connection with the commissioning of 500 kV long-range power supplies and the formation of UES. The possibility of losing significant power transmitted through long-distance power transmissions to connected (receiving, local, intermediate) power systems made it necessary to increase the volume and accelerate emergency unloading. With the development of territorial energy associations and the organization of their parallel work, the enlargement of the unit capacity of units and power plants, the complication of system-forming networks and the increase in exchange flows of power, the number of power systems (parts of the energy combination) unbalanced in capacity increased, including sharply deficient ones, the load of which is covered to a large extent by receiving power from adjacent power systems. As power systems are combined, the total capacity of parallel power plants and the territory covered by common electric networks increases, the probability of distributing an accident with a deep decrease in frequency to the entire energy connection decreases. The main requirements for ACF in these conditions are due to the need to prevent or limit the development of accidents with a violation of parallel work and the occurrence of significant power deficits in separated parts of the energy combination with insufficient generating power. Accidents with cascade development and further loss of generating power pose a particularly significant danger. In operation, there have been cases when even in a part of the energy combination separated with a large excess of power, the cascade development of the accident led to a dangerous decrease in frequency.

A characteristic of powerful energy associations is the variety of possible emergency situations, accompanied by shortages of active power; The creation of such energy associations has led to new, more complex requirements for the methods and means of ACR.