Poppet batcher assembly drawing

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1. Description of design and principle of action

2. Design part

2.1.Technological calculation

2.2. Calculation of belt transmission

2.3. Strength calculation

3. Operating rules and safety requirements

List of used literature

Applications

Introduction

Dosing is the process of measuring a given amount of material with the required accuracy. The degree of accuracy is determined by zootechnical and technological requirements, as well as justified by economic

considerations.

Two methods of dosing materials are known - by volume and by mass. The most common method of dosing by volume is as the simplest, most reliable and satisfying zootechnical requirements.

By the nature of the process, the dosing may be batch and continuous. Devices designed to measure and dispense a given dose of material are called dispensers. In accordance with the accepted dosing method, dosers are divided into volume and mass, and by the nature of the process, into batch and continuous actions.

As intended, dispensers are made for loose feed, semi-liquid, loose and liquid feed. By the type of working elements, dispensers are divided into drum, poppet, screw, tape, plunger, grader,

platform, vibration, pin, sector, gate.

Control of feed in dispensers can be provided by changing rotation speed of working member, length or volume of measuring capacity of working member, number of measuring vessels, duration of dosing, cross section of feed layer, speed of feed carrier movement, displacement of counterweight, position of level meter and combination of several methods. In particular, screw dispensers are controlled in the following ways: in the loading zone (the amount of opening of the gate valve, the change in the catching capacity of the screw in the loading zone), the speed of rotation, and in the unloading zone (the amount of opening of the gate valve that closes the unloading window).

Dosers of any type shall meet the following requirements: ensure the delivery of a specified amount of material (dose) with a deviation from the specified dosing accuracy not exceeding the permissible one. At the same time, depending on

given conditions, the dose can be given without regulation of time, for a minimum time and for a strictly defined period of time. In addition, dosing devices should be able to adjust the dose within a given range and take samples to monitor dosing accuracy and performance.

The working area of the dispenser should be easily accessible for cleaning it from fodder residues. The design of the working elements shall take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the feed.

We will consider preferred current types of dispensers and their applications.

A weight multi-head dispenser, it is also called combinational - the most accurate of all existing ones - is best suited for packing small-piece and small-piece products. Such a dispenser is equipped with distributed tanks (from 8 to 24), located in a circle. Containers are periodically filled with product about a third of the required dose. The computer selects the triples and opens only those dampers in which the total mass of the product is closest to the required one. The larger the capacity heads, the more accurate the dose and higher the performance .

The weight linear-tray doser (otherwise linear-vibration) should be selected if you want to select a doser for packing both bulk and small-piece products, for example, manka and caramel.

In most of them, the following principle is used: the dose is obviously less than the required one (coarse preliminary dosing), then the product is filled there with a thin jet (fine dosing). When the desired mass of product is formed in the container, its movement stops and the damper that gives out the dose opens. In order to stabilize the flow, the product moves along vibrating trays installed at a small angle to the horizontal.

The accuracy of the dose largely depends on the weighting device. In domestic linear-flow dispensers, three types of weight meters are used: strain gauges, spring-electron (sensor-differential transformer) and lever ones. The first two in accuracy and dose rates are approximately the same, but strain gauges are simpler in design and more accessible. Lever weight meters have high inertia and are less accurate than the first two types.

Cup or poppet dispenser is intended for easily showered products. If you need to pack salt, sugar or cereals, then he will cope with this well.

Dispenser consists of two disks installed on vertical shaft. One of them (usually the upper) is rigidly fixed, the second moves along the shaft. Measuring cups are mounted in disks in a circle. Most often, the cups of the upper disk telescopically enter the cups of the lower disk. Moving the movable disk along the shaft, you can change the volume of the cups, thereby adjusting the amount of dose received .

An intermediate container with a shutter is usually installed above the upper disk, and a product bin above it. In addition, a device for leveling the upper level of the products in the cups can be installed above the upper disc.

Hinged flaps (bottom of measuring cups) are hinged to the lower disk. A special cam is installed on the movable lower disk, with the help of which the dampers are opened and closed.

The dispenser works as follows: discs with cups receive uniform or discrete rotation from the shaft. The cups are moved circumferentially from the loading position to the unloading position, then the empty cups are again set to the starting position. The product from the hopper through an intermediate container, which, together with the shutter, stabilizes its flow, enters the upper disk, where it alternately fills the measuring cups. The equalization device (it can be combined with an intermediate container) adjusts the upper level of the product in the cups, removing (cutting from above) excess. The bottoms of the cups are opened only at the unloading position, delivering a dose of product into the pipe or trough, through which the product then enters the package directly .

A rotary dispenser is suitable for lightly showered products. The most effective in the multi-arm design of machine guns. Most often, this type of dispenser is used on machines intended for packing in flat bags.

Rotary dispenser represents cylinder with through holes arranged perpendicular to its axis. Inside the holes there are bottoms (two for each), which can move with the help of a screw or worm drive, shifting or expanding. Each bottom and hole form a measuring cup. The volume of the cups is changed by moving the bottoms along the holes. Cylinder rotates in housing around horizontal axis. When the measuring cup is at the top, the product enters it from the hopper. When the glass is turned, the dose of product is poured into the product pipeline and then into the bag. Accordingly, the second cup of the same opening is at the loading position at this time.

The pendulum dispenser is used for the same products and on the same machines as the rotary one. It is a container in which, alternately touching two opposite walls, as the pendulum moves the shutter. The product enters the half of the tank that is closed by the shutter. At the right moment, the shutter is transferred to the second position, and the product is poured out of the dispenser. At this time, the second half of the tank is filled.

The gate dispenser is used for the same products as the previous two, and not only on machines that form a flat package, but also on low-performance collar equipment. There are two design options: in the first case, the dimensional reservoir reciprocates along a rectilinear or curve path from the loading position to the unloading position; in the second, two dampers are installed on the product manufacturer's pipe (one above the other), which in turn move away and extend and cut off the product portion from the total flow and deliver it.

The screw dispenser is used for hard-flowing, powdered and dusting products. Only with its help can you cope with the dosage of a product that sticks together with a small squeeze. It is possible to do this as follows: a dose of product is taken and issued from a conical hopper with a vertical screw (spiral-shaped blade-free screw).

Above the hopper there is an intermediate tank, where a given level of product is maintained, and a feed screw, which is periodically turned on, replenishing the amount of product in the intermediate tank. In a conical hopper, blade-shifters constantly rotate, which prevent the product from merging and push it to the dosing screw. Dose volume is determined by the number of revolutions of the screw. When dosing sticking powder products, a damper is installed at the end of the dosing screw pipe. It prevents lumps of product sticking to the end of the screw from entering the bag. When dosing highly dusting products, the auger for the entire length of the pipeline will reduce dusting, and a short auger for dosing non-dusting products will increase productivity. Most screw dispensers have a sealed housing, which allows you to dose not only dust, but also hygroscopic products. However, for all its advantages, the screw dispenser is low-performance, and of all types it has the lowest accuracy.

Valve-piston dispenser is intended for liquid and paste-like products. It is a measuring cylinder with two pipes, one of which supplies the product to the piston, and the other departs from it. One valve is installed on the pipes. When the valve on the underwater pipe is open, the piston moves along the cylinder, drawing the product inside. When the required dose volume is reached, the inlet valve closes and the valve on the outlet pipe opens. The piston starts moving in the reverse direction, pushing out the formed dose of product. Sometimes both valves are combined into one, which opens the pipes alternately.

The gear dispenser is most often used on collar machines for packing viscous products. In fact, this is a gear pump, which periodically stops to receive the desired dose or it works constantly, but is equipped with a valve that sends the product flow back to the dispenser hopper as necessary.

The cam dispenser is close in design to the gear and is used for even more viscous products. The difference is only that cams of a special profile are installed in it instead of gears.