Operation of the distribution oil depot in the Anadyr area

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 DETERMINATION OF INITIAL CALCULATION DATA

1.1 Design temperature of oil products

1.2 Determination of design viscosity

1.3 Determination of design density

1.4 Determination of saturated vapour pressure

2 SELECTION OF OPTIMAL TANK SIZES

2.1 Selection of tanks for A-

2.2 Selection of tanks for kerosene T-

3 TANK FARM LAYOUT

3.1 Configuration of IS for gasoline A -

3.2 RP layout for kerosene T-

4 CALCULATION OF RAIL RACK

5 ROAD RACK CALCULATION

6.1 Section "Railway rack - pump station"

6.2 Pump Station - Tank Farm Area

6.3 Tank Farm - Rack Area

7.2 Selection of motor drive pumps

8 MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF PIPELINES

9 SUB-LAYER FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF TANKS

9.1 Principle and operation of the system

9.2 Advantages of sub-layer fire extinguishing system:

LIST OF LITERATURE

Application

Introduction

Modern oil depots are a complex engineering complex, including buildings and structures, pipelines, tanks, pumping stations and special equipment designed for the reception, storage and sale of petroleum products.

Oil depots, depending on the prevailing operations, are divided into transshipment and distribution .

Transshipment bases are designed for transshipment of oil or oil products from one mode of transport to another. In addition, oil products and oil can also flow through the main oil product pipeline. Transshipment bases have a significant cargo turnover and total volume, developed acceptance devices and a powerful pumping system. There are bases near railways, on the shores of seas and navigable rivers.

Distribution oil depots are designed for short-term storage of oil products and their supply to consumers. They have a small volume and a small service area. Distribution bases are divided into water, water-railway, railway, road and bases, the supply of which is made from main oil product pipelines.

The main operations of the oil depots are:

1. reception of oil and petroleum products arriving by rail and water transport, as well as by pipeline;

2. storage of oil and petroleum products;

3. delivery of petroleum products to consumers .

In this course work, the transshipment oil depot in the Anadyr area is calculated with the specified parameters:

1. The annual cargo turnover of the oil depot is 610 000 t;

2. Range and amount of oil products: A76 gasoline - 75% (from annual goods turnover); kerosene T-2 - 25%.

3. Delivery and shipment of petroleum products - from the railway transport to the road rack.

Sub-layer fire extinguishing of tanks

Peculiarity of sub-layer fire extinguishing consists in supply of low-multiple film-forming foam directly into deep layers of oil or oil product. To implement this method, special fluorosynthetic film-forming foaming agents and special high-pressure foaming agents are used.

High-efficiency system of sub-layer fire extinguishing in oil tanks consists of pipelines introduced into reservoir cavity. They are mounted: a normally open gate valve, a safety bursting membrane, a check valve and a high-pressure foam generator, connected to a fire tanker (or to an automatic fire extinguishing system), having containers with water, a fluorosynthetic foaming agent and a pump with a mixer.

Film-forming fluorosynthetic foaming agent is used as extinguishing agent. It is a foam firefighting agent with a specific weight lighter than oil. The foam does not absorb flammable liquid on the surface of its bubbles when passing through its layer and forms a gas-tight film on the surface, has high surface activity and self-healing ability in case of rupture. Such properties provide conditions for quick elimination of the fire and eliminate the possibility of re-ignition.

9.1 Principle and operation of the system

The sub-layer fire extinguishing system receives a fire extinguishing signal from a thermally sensitive cable encircling the upper belt of the tank. The signal from the thermal detectors is transmitted to the fire station. For safety purposes, fire engines, pressure units (w. h. Dosing tanks) are located outside the collapse of the protected tank.

The number of thermal broadcasters depends on the volume of the tank, the choice of the thermal broadcaster brand depends on the price capabilities and preferences of the customer.

Fire engines leave for the fire scene (their number depends on the SPT project). The foaming agent solution of the required concentration (3 or 6%) is produced by the fire engine and the dosing tank (if both are provided in the system, it all depends on the SPT project. The significant advantage of using dosing tanks is the speed of operation in case of fire). Fire trucks join hydrants through fire hoses.

Gate valves with electric drives located on the solution line at the tank wall are opened remotely.

Fire hoses are connected to pressure units with high-pressure generators. Manually, shut-off valves located outside the collapse are opened and foaming agent solution is supplied to high pressure generators.

In case in SPT there are bakidozers, in case of fire, the automation system includes a pump unit, which supplies water to the tank through the pressure pipeline. The increasing pressure in the tank compresses the elastic reservoir and displaces the foaming agent from it, which is supplied to the mixer-dispenser through the drain pipeline. At the same time, water under pressure is supplied from the tank through the drain pipe to the same mixer-dispenser. Replaceable calibration diaphragm of mixer-dispenser provides mixing of water and foaming agent in specified concentration. Solution of foaming agent under pressure is supplied to foaming generators from mixer-dispenser.

The process of low-multiplicity foam formation occurs in high-pressure foam generators (HSV symbol) located behind the collapse of the tank. The high-pressure generator has a check valve that prevents the escape of flammable liquid in case of sudden failure of operation for any reason.

After HSV, low-multiple film-forming foam enters pressure pipelines.

On the pressure line, a safety bursting membrane is installed, which is designed to seal the section of the pipeline connecting the reservoir with the check valve and the high-pressure foam generator. When the sub-layer fire extinguishing system is activated, the high pressure foam generator begins to produce foam and creates foam pressure at the outlet. Under the influence of pressure, the diaphragm gate rotates towards the reservoir, and a multi-toothed knife fixed to this gate breaks the fluoroplastic film and opens a free passage for foam to enter the lower layer of liquid in the reservoir.

Low-multiple film-forming foam is fed through pressure pipelines into lower belt of tank with further distribution through its internal wiring formed by foam T-shaped nozzles. Foam floats to the surface, where it forms a fire-resistant and air-impermeable film. During operation of the system, the combustion zone is quickly localized from the periphery of the tank to the center, and the flame is suppressed for several minutes:

the foam passage time from the foam generator to the tank surface is typically 4060 seconds. The rapid spread of foam over the surface of the combustible liquid is facilitated by convective flows directed from the foam outlet to the tank walls; 9,0120 seconds after the appearance of foam on the surface, combustion is significantly reduced; in the future, within 120180 seconds, combustion completely stops.

After the foam supply is stopped, a stable 50 mm thick foam layer is formed on the entire surface of the combustible liquid, which protects the oil surface from re-ignition for several hours.

9.2 Advantages of sub-layer fire extinguishing system:

It provides operational fire extinguishing due to formation of fire-resistant self-tightening film on the surface of burning liquid from fine bubbles of foam floated to the surface, which block oxygen access to the combustion zone.

It allows to drastically reduce the oil temperature regardless of the diameter of the protected tank.

It is effective in the presence of isolated spaces that can be formed when walls are wrapped, the roof collapses, and the pontoon swells.

The activity of the extinguishing action of the sub-layer fire extinguishing system does not depend on the time of development of the fire, since low-multiple foam is introduced into the cold, lower layer of oil in the tank.