Nine-storey 36-apartment panel residential building in Abakan

Contents

Introduction

1. Description of the construction site

2. General Plan Description

3. Space-planning solution of the building

4. Structural solution of the building

4.1 Structural diagram of the building

4.2 Foundation

4.3 Walls

4.3.1 External walls

4.3.2 Internal walls

4.4 Overlaps

4.5 Partitions

4.6 Roof

4.7 Windows

4.8 Doors

4.9 Floors

4.10 Stairs

4.11 Exterior Finishes

4.12 Interior Finishes

5. Technical and economic indicators

6. Applications

External Wall Heat Engineering Calculation

Roof Heat Engineering Calculation

Calculation of the flight of stairs

7. List of used literature

Introduction

At the end of the 20th century, the main type of construction of residential buildings was panel construction, as the most progressive, it occupied a dominant position during this period.

The mass introduction into the construction of full-assembly structures is determined by their high economic efficiency, lower material intensity, a significant reduction in labor costs and the construction time of buildings compared to traditional construction methods.

The conditions of cost-effective highly mechanized factory production of full-assembly structures require a restriction on the range of products. This requirement is contrary to the tasks of ensuring the diversity of the functional and architectural-composite solution of buildings and buildings carried out according to standard projects.

Mass construction with use: prefabricated products of factory production are based on the use of standard products provided for by the relevant catalogs.

Panel construction system is used in designing buildings up to 30 floors high under normal soil conditions and up to 14 floors in seismic conditions.

The walls of such buildings are mounted from concrete panels with a height of up to 10 tons and a length of 1-3 structural and planning steps. Panel structures are not self-resistant: during erection, their stability is provided by mounting devices, and in operation - by special joint and connection structures. Panels of bearing walls are installed on cement mortar, without mutual dressing of seams.

Compared to the traditional system with stone walls, this system reduces the cost of construction by 6-7%, the mass of structures by 30-40 °/v and labor costs by 40%.

The technical advantage of panel structures is their significantly greater strength and rigidity compared to traditional ones. This determined the widespread use of panel structures for high-rise buildings in difficult ground conditions (on subsidence and permafrost soils, above mining workings).

Panel structures are used mainly for the construction of residential buildings of various types, hotels, boarding houses, sleeping buildings of rest houses and sanatoriums, as well as for a number of mass public buildings (children's kindergartens, schools, etc.).

1. Description of the construction site

The theme of the course project is a nine-story 36-apartment panel residential building, being built in the city of Abakan.

Soils at the construction site are large-breaking; groundwater level is 12.8 meters. The character of the relief of the site is plain. According to SNiP 23.0199, the temperature of the cold five-day period is 40 ° С .

The average long-term annual air temperature in Abakan is 7.1 ° С.

The heating period is 234 days. The absolute minimum temperature is 59 ° C. The prevailing wind directions for December - February are southwestern.

Abakan is located in climatic region I B, thus the climate here is sharply continental.

Space Planning Solution

The designed building according to the layout refers to a sectional diagram. The degree of durability is II; fire resistance degree - II; capital class - II, building class - II.

The length of the building in axes is 22500 mm; width of the building in axes 18000 mm; floor height 2800 mm; the total height of the building along the parapet is 26650 mm; basement height - 1900 mm; the height of the technical floor is 1600 mm.

The building is entered from the internal facade of the building, the entrance has an entrance platform, a visor above the entrance. An internal vestibule with a depth of 1200 mm is also provided to prevent blowing.

Vertical communication is carried out using a staircase assembly, which includes a staircase with reinforced concrete stairways and staircases and a passenger elevator with a lifting capacity of 500 kg. Elevator is a cab suspended on steel ropes and moved inside a non-combustible shaft along vertical guides. The elevator shaft is made of reinforced concrete volume blocks with a height of 2800 mm; the wall thickness of the elevator shaft is 100 mm. For soundproofing purposes, shaft walls are separated from adjacent structures by air gap of 2040 mm. The gap between the floors and the walls of the shaft is filled with soundproofing gaskets (oiled pack). In the engine room, which is located above the shaft, there is an installation of an electrodeposition through vibration absorbers on a support plate, which is not connected to the rest of the load-bearing structures and is freely laid on a floor along a continuous sound-insulating layer.

The total number of apartments is 36.

On the floor there are 4 apartments - two two-room, one three-room and one four-room. On the ground floor there are three two-room and one four-room rooms.

All apartments, except the central two-room apartment, have a two-way orientation; the windows of the kitchen, living room, children's and two bedrooms overlook the courtyard facade, the window of the rest of the kitchens, bedrooms, offices and living rooms - on the main facade.

At the entrance to the apartment there is an entrance hall with an area of ​ ​ 6.30 and 7.74 m ².

The kitchen is equipped with a gas stove PG4 with a size of 600x520 mm (GOST 1078877) and a steel enameled wash MSNN with a size of 600x500 mm (GOST 2484381); illumination of kitchen is provided natural through an OP1515 window; the kitchen area is 10.64 m ² .

Living room - a room with an area of ​ ​ 18.49 m ², with natural lighting, with one window of type OR1512. The living room provides access to the balcony through a balcony door of type DB216.

Bedrooms have an area of ​ ​ 12.04 m ², 11.76 m ² and 8.04 m ², natural lighting is provided through windows of the type OR1515 and in one bedroom with a balcony, a window of the type OR1512 and a balcony door DB216.

Each apartment has a separate sanitary unit with a total area of ​ ​ 3.59 m of the glass type (series 1.1885). Engineering equipment of the sanitary unit includes: a TPKV toilet with a size of 670x430 mm (GOST 2284777), a bathtub VCH1800 with a size of 1800x750 mm (GOST 115480) and a washbasin PRSB2 with a size of 550x420 mm (GOST 2375979), a mixer - wall, common for bath and washbasel. Only artificial lighting is provided.

For the convenience of people's living, there is a garbage duct with intake valves on inter-stage staircases and a reception bin on the first floor. In the upper part, the trash duct barrel ends with a ventilation pipe with a deflector, at the bottom with a gate device (shutter). Trash duct barrel is made of asbestos cement pipes with inner diameter of 400 mm.

The building has a basement 1.90 m high for wiring utilities. Entrance to the basement is via an internal staircase.

4. Structural solution of the building

4.1 Structural diagram of the building

The building relates to a cross-wall version of a arceless wall structural system with a mixed pitch of bearing walls - 3 and 4.5 m and supporting floor slabs "per room" on four and three sides.

4.2 Foundations

Foundations are the part of the building located below the elevation of the day surface of the ground. Their purpose is to transfer all loads from the building to the ground of the base. In cases where basements are arranged under the building, the foundations act as enclosing structures of the basements. The durability, reliability, strength and stability of the building largely depend on the quality of the foundations.

The foundations work in difficult conditions. They are influenced by a variety of external influences, both power and non-power. Such force influences, such as loads from the mass of the building and the soil, ground repulsion, beam forces, seismic impacts, vibration, cause the appearance of various types of compressive, shifting and bending stresses, which can result in unacceptable deformation and destruction.

The foundation is accepted prefabricated reinforced concrete. The foundation is mounted from two types of prefabricated elements - foundation cushions and external wall panels of the basement.

Foundation cushions are used 2X grades: FL 1612, FL 1624 - installed for external load-bearing walls; FL 248, FL 2412 - installed for internal bearing walls.

Since construction is carried out on dense soils, foundation cushions are laid with gaps of 0.2-0.9 m with backfilling of gaps with soil.

The thickness of the basement wall panels is 250 mm.

Foundation installation is carried out on cement sand grout.

The monolithic erection of the foundation for the elevator assembly is also carried out.

The foundation laying elevation is 3.10 m, based on natural conditions, ground water level and the value of the active load. Vertical dressing waterproofing is made in the form of hot bitumen coating in 2 layers of the surface of external wall panels of the basement contacting the ground.

4.3 Walls

4.3.1 Exterior Walls

Exterior walls are the most complex structure of the building. They are subjected to numerous and diverse force and non-force influences. Walls perceive their own mass, permanent and temporary loads from floors and roofs, wind effects, uneven deformations of the base, seismic forces, etc. On the outside the external walls are exposed to solar radiation, atmospheric precipitation, variable temperatures and humidity of the external air, external noise, and on the inside - to heat flow, water vapor flow, noise.

For exterior walls, a single-row grid is used with panels the size of a room and two rooms.

Concrete external load-bearing panels of laminated structure are used as external walls. They have outer and inner structural layers (50 and 80 mm thick, respectively) of heavy concrete and a 170 mm thick insulation layer between them - foam polyurethane (see annex 1). Concrete layers of panels are combined with flexible links.

4.3.2 Interior walls

Internal walls have single-row curvature.

The internal structural walls are solid panels with a thickness of 160 mm blind and with openings with a size of room. Panel material is heavy concrete.

4.4 Overlaps

Slabs are a horizontal building element that divides it into floors and a roof. Ceilings are perceived and transmitted to walls of constant and temporary loads from people and equipment, rooms are isolated from each other and from influences of external environment, rigidity is imparted to the building, heat and sound insulation is provided. Prefabricated reinforced concrete floors are adopted in the form of panels of continuous section with thickness of 160 mm with support on three and four sides. The depth of the floor platform resting on the external walls is 90 mm; the nominal size of the floor abutment on the inner structural walls is 70 mm. The floor panels are supported on walls by cement sand mortar.

Welded steel connections of floor panels between each other and with panels of external walls are provided - at least two connections on each side of the floor panel and are placed in special cutouts or recesses of panels that turn into keys after freezing. There is also a monolithic section in the area of ​ ​ the elevator unit.

4.5 Partitions

Partitions are accepted as gypsum concrete panels with a thickness of 80 mm with single-row cutting with the size of a room with openings.

4.6 Roof

The roof is accepted as a prefabricated reinforced concrete attic semi-passable with a cold attic and a roof made of rolled materials. Attic prefabricated reinforced concrete coatings make it possible to lay or replace insulation under laid roof slabs, arrange ventilation to protect the upper floor from overheating by the sun, and place engineering equipment, including elevator engine rooms, in the attic.

The load-bearing part of the roof is represented by reinforced concrete ribbed roof panels. To avoid stagnation of water along the tray, a longitudinal slope of 1.5% is arranged, directed to the funnels. Longitudinal slopes are performed by application of layer of concrete of variable thickness on surface of bearing plate. When installing parapet panels, support structures of triangular shape are used, which are installed on the surface of the load-bearing plate of the attic floor.

To ensure the ventilation of the attic, vents measuring 500 × 400 mm are arranged in parapet panels .

The height of the through passage along the building in the attic space is 1.90 m.

In the considered building there is an internal drain with three water intake funnels Bp9 with a conditional passage of a nozzle of 90 mm. Water intake funnel is made of cast iron. It consists of 3 parts: a nozzle, a bowl and a cap that protects the funnel and a riser from clogging with garbage. Roll roof is brought into branch pipe, glued to its walls with bitumen mastic and pressed from above with funnel.

The funnels are connected to a cast iron riser passing inside the building; water from the riser is drained into the underground storm sewer. Connection of the branch pipe to the riser is not rigid and allows vertical shift of the branch pipe relative to the riser in case of roof or temperature deformation of the riser. The riser is fixed to the walls using metal clamps.

The enclosing part of the roof is represented by a roof made of rolled materials. The coating consists of the following layers: a roll carpet of 4 layers of ruberoid on bitumen mastic and a protective layer 6-8 mm thick of sieved gravel, flooded into a layer of hot mastic, protecting the roof carpet from direct sunlight.

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