Mechanization of short-dimensional lumber overload and warehouse design

Contents

Introduction

1. Characteristics of short-sized lumber and storage conditions in the warehouse

1.1 Technical characteristics of goat crane

1.2 Load gripping device

1.3 Calculation of daily cargo turnover

1.4 Determination of storage capacity

1.5 Arrangement of equipment in the warehouse and determination of its area

1.6 Calculation of the number of loading and unloading machines

1.7 Choice of wagon type and its characteristics

1.8 Determination of the number of wagons on the loading and unloading front

1.9 Calculation of idle time of one supply of cars under load

1.10 Selection of car brand and calculation of their quantity

1.11 Calculation of capital investments

1.12 Calculation of cost of cargo transshipment

1.13 Calculation of storage cost per ton of cargo

2. Calculation and design of warehouse for storage of short-sized lumber, equipped with tower crane BKSM-14P

2.1 Selection of loading and unloading machine grade

2.2 Load gripping device

2.3 Calculation of daily cargo turnover and storage capacity

2.4 Warehouse layout. Define the width and area of the warehouse

2.5 Calculation of the required quantity of loading and unloading machines

2.6 Calculation of the required number of wagons and the number of deliveries

2.7 Calculation of idle time of one car feed under load

2.8 Calculation of the required number of cars

2.9 Calculation of overload capital investments

2.10 Calculation of annual operating costs for cargo handling

2.11 Selection of complex overload mechanization of packages

Conclusion

List of sources used

Project Description

The explanatory note contains 50 sheets, 10 tables, 7 figures, 3 bibliographic names, 1 graphic drawing.

WAREHOUSE, CARGO FLOW, INTEGRATED MECHANIZATION, CARGO, GOAT CRANE, TOWER CRANE, SHORT-DIMENSIONAL LUMBER, PACKAGES

In this course project, a comparison of warehouses for transshipment of containers with a tower and goat crane was developed and presented. In the course of the work, the areas of warehouses, the number of loading and unloading machines, the number of platforms supplied to the warehouse, and the number of cars were calculated. The annual costs of storage maintenance and cargo transshipment have been determined. As a result, the optimal option was chosen for the minimum annual costs given. The best option is to mechanize the overload of short-dimensional lumber in packages with the BKSM14P tower crane.

Introduction

The transition to a market economy requires a more rational approach to transport by all modes of transport. Transport connects spatially distant enterprises, various industries, areas into a single whole. Participation in the transport of goods of various modes of transport, such as rail, road, water, air, etc., increases the number of transshipment operations and requires the presence of warehouses for snoring goods in anticipation of vehicles. Sometimes, more than 10 loading and unloading operations are carried out in the journey with the same load. As a result, the burden on transport and its cost to the country's economy are much higher than in most developed countries.

As the market economy develops, and as shippers become free to transport, short-distance rail transport will become highly competitive with freight transport.

In the freight areas of the railway station of Russia, loading and unloading operations are mainly carried out by mechanized loading and unloading distances equipped with various machines and storage facilities. The use of specialized rolling stock for the transportation of cement, mineral fertilizers, coal, ore, grain and other cargoes makes it possible to increase the efficiency of loading and unloading operations and warehouses.

Characteristics of short-sized lumber and storage conditions in the warehouse

Lumber, the width of which is at least three times the thickness, is called boards. Lumber, the width of which does not exceed twice the thickness, is called bars.

Forest cargoes are transported in a batch manner. The formation, packaging, marking, transportation and storage of timber packages are regulated by GOST 19041085. For the packaging of lumber, bar piping is used, however, the main means of packaging, including forests of round grades, are semi-rigid slings PS01, PS-02, PS03, PS-04 and PS05M.

Lumber is stored in stacks of rectangular or square shape. With a square shape of the stack, its length and width correspond to the length of the board, with a rectangular width - the width is taken equal to the length of the board, and the length is 1.52 times larger. The height of the stack during mechanized laying reaches 8 meters.

Stacks are formed on sub-stacked bases of foundations, which can be wooden, brick or concrete. Dimensions of the upper support cage of wooden foundations 30 * 30 cm, brick and concrete sites 25 * 25 cm. The depth of foundation shall be lower than the depth of soil freezing. The distance between the axes of individual foundations is 2-2.5 m. The height of the sub-stacking bases depends on the thickness of the snow cover and is taken from 25 to 85 cm.

Bars with cross section of at least 15 cm in width and 20 cm in height are laid over foundations. Boards are stacked in regular rows perpendicular to bars. Between rows of boards there installed are gaskets from the same boards or racks.

Conclusion

In the course work, two options for mechanization of the warehouse for storing short-sized lumber with a cargo turnover of 350,000 tons/year were designed and calculated: in the first case, the warehouse is equipped with a gantry crane KKU7.5, in the second tower crane BKSM14P. During the calculation, the design of warehouses was carried out, which consisted in the location of short-sized lumber, loading and unloading machines and transporting machines on the territory of the warehouse, when designing the warehouse, short-sized lumber was stacked, which made it possible to reduce the size of the loading and unloading front and use the storage area more rationally. For both mechanization options, the required number of loading and unloading machines, their productivity, cycle time were determined, the required number of cars for delivering goods to the customer and the number of cars necessary for delivering goods to the warehouse, per day, were also calculated. Also during the calculation, an economic calculation was made, which included: total investments, costs of storing and transporting cargo, the cost of storing and transporting a ton of cargo. Based on the results of the calculations, the conclusion was made about the most economically optimal option for mechanizing the equipment of the warehouse with the BKSM14P tower crane.

In the graphic part of the work there is a drawing of a general type of warehouse equipped with a tower crane BKSM14P.

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