Low-rise residential building single apartment two-story

Introduction

Currently, in the design and construction of residential buildings and, in particular, residential buildings of small storeys (cottages), special attention is paid to engineering communication systems. Creating comfortable living conditions for people is an urgent problem of modern construction. Uninterrupted supply of water - hot and cold, timely drainage and disposal of waste, gas supply, heating, power supply, etc. - pressing problems of construction. It is particularly important to address these issues in the absence of centralized networks.

The section discusses the design, design and calculation of building life support utilities.

The objective of the project is to develop methods of routing and hydraulic calculation of water supply and drainage systems. The correct selection of routing (at the initial stage of design) depends on the uninterrupted supply of water to the building, the presence or absence of pumping units, pipe diameters and, as a result, the above, the construction cost.

When designing the water supply systems of this building, not only the rationality of engineering solutions was taken into account, but also the household interests of residents. Thus, the project provides for the possibility of installing modern automatic washing machines, a version of the arrangement of a bath and a garage has been developed. Summer water supply is provided for irrigation of the garden.

The design and calculation of cold water supply and drainage systems, as well as the calculation of yard sewage, are mandatory sections in this project.

Additionally, a gas supply and heating system is being developed.

When performing section 4 of the comprehensive course project, normative literature was used. Engineering communications were designed taking into account the comfort of housing and economic requirements. Section "Heat Engineering Calculation" - is mandatory in this project. During this part of the calculation, the material selected for the exterior enclosing structures and the wall thickness were checked.

Water supply

This work envisages the development of a cold water supply system.

Internal water supply systems include: entrances to the building, water metering unit, dilution network, risers, supply to water collecting devices, water collecting, mixing, shutoff and control valves.

The choice of the internal water supply system is made depending on the technical and economic feasibility, sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements, as well as taking into account the adopted external water supply system.

For this building, it is recommended to accept dead end systems with lower wiring of the internal cold water pipeline with one inlet.

The designed building has a basement, therefore, an inlet, a water metering unit and main pipelines are located in the basement.

In the basement and 1st floor plan, valve HL 900 is planned, EN 12 380 allows not to remove the riser above the roof.

Main pipelines are laid along the internal capital wall for 40-50 cm below the basement ceiling. Pipes are attached on brackets or hooks. Main pipelines are designed with a slope of 0.002-0.005 towards the inlet for water descent from the building water supply system.

Site Vertical Layout Plan.

The plan of vertical planning of the construction site as per the task is performed in the design elevations.

The relief on the construction site with a slope of 33.7 ‰, the difference between the northeastern side and the southwestern side is 1.19 m. With a decrease to the southwestern side. The territory of the site was divided into squares with sides 10 * 10 m. In the tops of the squares, black elevations (under the line) calculated by interpolation are placed .

We plan along the black contours with arrows of drain direction from the territory and a general scheme of relief correction (drawing 1). We set the minimum slope for the territory of the site - 5 ‰, and the maximum - 25 ‰. Analyzing the slopes on the sides of the squares, we find that the operation of such a section is unacceptable, and also does not meet the requirements for construction sites, for storing materials and for crane movement. Invalid slopes must be corrected by changing the overfill. Part of the soil for filling will be taken from the trenches under the tape foundation. To create a high-quality soil layer, filling is provided throughout the territory for landscaping of fertile soil up to 0.1 m thick. The vertical layout plan shows profiles on the site and on the roads.

Landing the building on the terrain.

To ensure quick removal of surface water from the building, the basement elevation near the building wall is raised with respect to the edge of the basement by 0.1 m, which is the slope of the pavement at its width of 1 m. – 100 ‰. The height of the base is designed to be the same along the entire perimeter of the building .

The pavement is designed with the same high-altitude landing - 82.96 m. The slope change is provided for the adjacent area. The level of the clean floor is designed at the elevation of 83.56 m, which provides a basement height from the top of the pavement of 0.6 m.

Such a solution to the vertical layout and high-rise location of the building made it possible to ensure the normal removal of surface water from the building, organize the filling of a fertile soil layer for green spaces, and solve the issue of diverting water from the entrance of the building along the access road to the passage.