Kindergarten-nursery for 140 places

1. Architectural and construction part

1.1 Characteristics of the building.

The 140-seat nursery-kindergarten building belongs to the group of public buildings for education, education and training of personnel according to SNiP 2.08.0289. The construction area is the city of Molodechno.

The building is 2 storeys. On the ground floor are designed: a playhouse, a bedroom veranda, a undress, a group, a kitchen with a wash, a blank, a handout, a vicious, a medical room, and wards. On the second floor, the following are designed: reception room, playhouse, veranda bedroom, group room, music and gymnastics room, methodological room.

Floor height 3.3 m.

The basement is designed in the building, the floor level elevation is -1.840 m. A thermal unit is provided in the basement.

In plan, the building has an irregular geometric shape.

The dimensions of the building in plan along the extreme axes: length 38.7 m, width 30 m.

Evacuation of people from the building in case of fire will be carried out through external exits designed on the facades: IA, A-I, 115, 15-1.

Engineering equipment of the building: water supply - drinking water from the city network; sewerage - household in the city network; internal water drain with outlet to the pavement; heating - central, water from city networks, coolant parameters T = 7095 ° С; natural ventilation; hot water supply - from external network; power supply - from external networks with voltage of 380/220 V; lighting - fluorescent lamps and filament lamps; communication and alarm - radio, telephone, television, automatic fire alarm.

The degree of durability of the building I, since its structural elements are designed for a service life of 100 years (walls are made of ceramic brick, foundation elements and floors are made of reinforced concrete). Building I responsibility class as per SNiP 2.01.0785. In terms of fire resistance in accordance with SNB 2.02.0189, the building belongs to the 2nd degree.

Technical and economic indicators (in accordance with SNiP 2.08.0189 "Residential buildings"):

The building is located on a site with a calm relief.

In addition to it, there are: a 5-story residential building for 40 apartments (2), a 9-story large-panel residential building for 120 apartments (3).

Gaps between the named buildings are designed taking into account sanitary and fire safety standards according to SNiP 2.07.0189: between buildings 1 and 2 - 40.4 m, 1 and 3 - 42.3 m, 2 and 3 - 25 m.

Width of pedestrian roads 2.25 m, passages 7 m.

The building was coordinated to the axes of the construction geodetic grid. Absolute elevation corresponding to conditional zero, + 230.0 m.

The building has a favorable orientation on the sides of the horizon: the windows of facade 115 are oriented to the southwest side, the windows of facade A-I to the southeast side of the horizon. This meets the requirements for heat protection, solar insulation and natural ventilation of the designed building.

1.2 Structural solution of the building.

The structural system of the building is arceless. Structural diagram of the building with longitudinal and transverse arrangement of bearing walls. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by: the arrangement of internal transverse walls and walls of staircases adjacent to external longitudinal walls; slabs connecting the walls to each other and anchoring them to each other and to the walls; filling of seams between slabs with concrete B15 on shallow aggregate, such a floor is a solid horizontal disk that ensures the strength of the building.

Soil of sand (Il = 0, e = 0.55) is used as soil of base. There is no groundwater.

Foundations.

Designed foundations - precast reinforced concrete tape. Bottom elevation -2.430 m. Foundation depth -1.530 m.

Width of tape foundation plates:

- for bearing inner walls along axes 38, 10-13, B - 800 mm.

- for bearing external walls along axes 1, 4, 9, 14, 15-600 mm.

- under self-bearing walls on axes A, B, G, D, E, Zh, I - 600 mm.

A total of 4 plate types are provided.

Tape foundation slabs shall be laid on carefully planned and tamped surface of the base. Monolithic sections shall be made of concrete. B12.5.

Basement wall blocks for internal walls are designed with a width of 400 mm, for external walls - 500 mm. They should be laid on M50 cement mortar with mandatory dressing of seams.

To protect the basement of the building from moisture, a waterproofing device is provided. On external surfaces of wall blocks it is necessary to arrange protective plaster from hydrophobic Portland cement in 2 layers. On the inner side of the basement, make protective plaster in 2 layers with a total thickness of 20 mm. Lower layer of cement-sandy mortar of composition 1:2, upper layer - 1:3. Apply protective layers along reinforcement mesh, which is attached to blocks using dowels. Horizontal waterproofing is arranged between the wall foundation blocks and the walls of the building and is made of 2 layers of rolled material glued with bitumen mastic.

To protect the foundations from surface water along the perimeter of the building, asphalt concrete paving with a width of 1000 mm along a crushed stone base with a thickness of 150 mm with a slope of ≥3% from the building.

Walls.

In the designed building, the internal walls are made of silicate bricks with a size of -

mi 250 × 120 × 88 mm according to STB 116099. The thickness of the internal bearing walls is 380 mm, self-bearing - 250 mm.

In the internal walls separating the bathrooms, ventilation channels measuring 140 × 140 mm, 270 × 140 mm are provided.

External walls are made with a thickness of 510 mm from ceramic brick with dimensions of 250 × 120 × 88 mm according to STB 116099 in the form of three-layer masonry on flexible connections with the air layer between the insulation and the outer vertex of 40 mm. For flexible links, use steel rods Ø6 AI, lay them after 600 mm in height and after 1000 mm in length. To fix the insulation between the insulation and the facing layer of masonry, lay gaskets from the insulation material. 100 mm thick polystyrene foam plates are provided as insulation.

Snapping walls to coordination axes:

Above the openings in the walls are prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels. Lintels shall be laid on brick walls along the layer of M50 cement mortar.

Overlap.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs of 220 mm thick multi-pillar slabs are designed in the building.

A total of 5 plate types are provided.

Rest the slabs on bearing walls and runs along the layer of M100 cement sand mortar. Minimum support depth 130 mm. Fill the voids in the slabs ends to the depth of support, not less than 130 mm, with concrete to protect the slabs ends from pressing by the overlying wall and improve the heat and sound insulation properties of the floors. Seal the seams between the slabs with concrete on fine aggregate. B15. Holes for passage of plumbing pipes can be drilled in place in slab slabs; holes must fall into the voids of the plates and have cross-sectional dimensions of no more than 150 × 150 mm.

The slabs are anchored to each other and to the walls by reinforcing rods Ø10 AI, weld the anchors to the mounting loops of the floor slabs, close the welding places with a layer of cement sand mortar with a thickness of 30 mm.

The runs are designed with precast reinforced concrete. Rest the runs on a reinforced concrete pillow, weld the corners of the ∟50×5750 to the embedded parts of the run, seal the ends of the corners in brickwork.

Stairs.

Main staircases are designed in the building from prefabricated reinforced concrete staircases with frieze steps and platforms located in staircases fenced with capital walls.

Calculation of stair flights and platforms:

- number of lifts: 1650/150 = 11

- number of treads: 11-1 = 10

- Lgoriz. projection of the march = 300 × 10 + 220 × 2 = 3440 mm.

- celestial cell = 1350 × 2 + 100 = 2800 mm (30002800 = 200 mm - for binding)

- width of staircases:

for step 6.3 m - 63003440 = 2860 mm = > blest. sites = 1290 mm (28601290 × 2 = 280 - for reference);

for step 6.0 m - 60003440 = 2560 mm = > blest. sites = 1140 mm (25601140 × 2 = 280 - for reference).

On the facade A-G and 151 there are designed stairways from metal cosors of channel section and prefabricated reinforced concrete stages. To increase fire resistance of kosoura, plaster along a metal grid. The building has designed metal fences 900 mm high with plastic handrails. Install the fence posts into the staircase seats with subsequent filling with expanding cement. To prevent loosening of railings, attach struts of two adjacent marches with a patch on welding with grinding and painting of seams. A 100 mm gap for passing fire hoses is designed between stairways according to fire requirements. Fire-fighting water supply with fire-fighting cranes installed on the branch from the riser on each floor at a height of 1.35 m from the floor level in fire cabinets is designed in the staircase.

Entrance to the attic is carried out through hatches along the ladders, the size of the hatch is 800 × 600 mm.

Partitions.

In the bathrooms, as well as to protect against mechanical damage of internal drainage pipes (in staircases and auxiliary room), 120-thickness partitions made of ceramic full single brick KRO 75/STB 116099 on solution M 50 are provided by the project.

Room partitions designed from gas silicate blocks (500 × 400 × 100mm)

Soundproofing layer made of elastic material is laid at points of adjoining floor to partitions. Supports of partitions on floor slabs will be carried out on a layer of cement-sand mortar M 50 with thickness of 20 mm.

Attach partitions to floor slabs in 1.5 m with brackets. Attach the mounting metal articles by firing dowels into the floor slabs or pass them into the seams between the slabs. The last 3 rows of partition masonry must be reinforced along the entire length. Glue the places of interface of partitions with floors after sealing of sutures with a strip of fabric.

When the partitions adjoin the walls, they will be fixed by means of necks clogged in antiseptic plugs or in masonry seams. Use dowels to attach steel beads to an antiseptic plug located in the partition structure. At the places where the partitions adjoin the walls between their surfaces, it is necessary to lay the plaster wetted in a gypsum solution.

Coating.

The roof type is flat, aligned. For roof structure refer to sheet 2 DP12922005AS.

Water removal from the roof will be carried out through an internal organized drainage, 3 water intake funnels Ø200 mm are designed, the width of the parapet is taken to be 250 mm.

Around water intake funnels of internal drain main water insulation carpet is reinforced with two additional layers of roll material.

In places where the roof adjoins the walls, arrange inclined sides (at an angle of 450) from cement mortar with dimensions of 100 × 100 mm.

In the places where the water insulation carpet adjoins the parapet, it must be reinforced with two additional layers with their establishment at the top of the parapet.

The metal sheet along the top of the parapet must have a bent profile and cover the wall with a height of not less than 50 mm and have a drop separation plane of not less than 80 mm from the parapet wall.

Ventshacks and ventilation channels on the roof are designed from ceramic full-white single brick KRO 75/STB 116099. To prevent atmospheric precipitation from entering them, a galvanized steel visor was designed.

Floors.

Windows and doors.

Windows are designed with threefold glazing (with a double-glazed window and glass outside) and with double glazing (double-glazed window), one - and two-fold. Only 3 window types.

On the outer side of the window block along the side of cement mortar M 100 drain from galvanized steel on roof crutches with dimensions of 20 × 3 mm with a pitch of 600 mm, which can be attached by dowels with polyamide grades D 4558UZ GOST 2699886E. Plums made of galvanized steel 0.8 mm thick must be tightly compressed to crutches. Overflow of drains - not less than 50 mm beyond the outer plane of the wall.

Install the sill in the gap between the window block and the wall. Fill the formed space with mounting foam.

Doors are designed as blind filamentous, single- and double-domed. Only 6 door types.

The doors of the staircases are made self-closing with sealing of the feathers.

The surfaces of door blocks adjacent to the walls shall be antiseptic and protected by waterproofing roll material. Carefully penetrate the gap between the box and the outer wall with heat-insulating materials - fill the gap with dry pouch at a depth of the box, and apply a bundle wetted in gypsum solution to the remaining ¼ depth from the side of the room. Attach door blocks in the walls with steel crutches clogged into antiseptic wooden plugs installed in the opening during masonry. At least 3 height plugs shall be installed on each side of the door unit.

Design and structural part

2.1.Define the load on 1m2 slabs.

2.2.Determination of load per 1 m2 of coating

2.3. Calculates a multi-stop slab.

Calculate and finalize a multi-pillar slab with nominal dimensions of 1.5 × 6.3 m with reliance on internal and external brick walls. The slab shall be made of concrete of class B20, longitudinal working reinforcement of class AIII.

2.3.1. Total design load per 1 m of plate

q = 5.6 × 1.5 = 8.4 kN/m

2.3.2. Defines the design span and structural length of the slab.

Lk = 6280 (by directory)

L0 = 6280-180/2-190/2 = 6095 mm.

2.3.3. Design diagram of the plate.

2.3.4. Determination of maximum design force.

Mmax = q × L02/8 = 8.4 × 6.0952/8 = 39 kNm

Qmax = q × L0/2 = 8.4 × 6.095/2 = 25.6 kN

2.3.5. Calculation data for plate calculation.

- concrete of class B20;

- Rb = 11.5 MPa; Rbt = 0.9 MPa (Table 13 SNiP 2.03.0184 * "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures");

- γ b2 = 0.9 (table 15 SNiP 2.03.0184 *);

- working valves of class AIII. Rs = 365 MPa (Table 22 SNiP 2.03.0184 *);

2.3.6. Calculates the dimensions of the equivalent section.

- Determination of the number of voids from the condition that for every 200 mm there is 1 void.

n = 1500/200 = 7.5 = > accept 7 voids

h1=0.9d=0.9×159=143мм

h1 - height and width of equivalent square section

hf = hf "= (220143 )/2 = 38.5 mm

hf "is the height of the section frame

- Reduced total thickness of ribs:

b = 1460-7 × 143 = 459 mm

Shelf width: bf "= 1460 mm

2.3.7. Calculates plate strength from normal sections.

- Section working height:

ho = h-a = 22-2.5 = 19.5 cm

- Determination of neutral axis position:

Mf=Rb×bf’×hf’×(ho–hf’/2)=11,5×100×0,9×146×3,85×(19,53,85/2)=10224669,26 Нсм =

= 102.25 kNm > Mmax = 39 kNm ⇒ neutral axis passes within the shelf and the section is calculated as rectangular with width bf "= 146 cm.

- Determination of the Coefficient ''

άo=Mmax/(Rb×bf’×ho2)=39×105/(11.5×100×0.9×146×19.52=0.067

According to the table, in ° = 0.067 we accept:

ξ=0.07

η=0.965

- For concrete of class B20 and reinforcement of class AIII it is accepted ¼ r and ¼ r

άr=0.430 > άo=0.067

ξr=0.627 > ξ=0.07

The element is reinforced normally.

- Required cross-sectional area of longitudinal working reinforcement:

As= Mmax/(Rs×η×ho)=39×105/(365×100×0,965×19,5)=5,68 см2

- Determine the reinforcement factor:

μ=As/(b×ho)=5.68/(45.9×19.5)=0.61 > μmin=0.0005

Reinforcement is carried out by a grid in which the longitudinal rods are the working reinforcement of the plate. Longitudinal grid rods are located in each edge of the plate, and therefore their total number is 8 pcs.

Accepted by 8Ø 10AIII; AS = 6.28 cm2.

The cross bars of the grid are accepted as Ø3 BpI (according to the table of the diameter ratio) with a pitch of S = 200 mm.

In the upper shelf of the slab, for structural reasons, we accept the grid of the brand:

For transverse reinforcement structural-short frames installed in support quarters of plate span are adopted. Frames are installed in extreme ribs and further through 2-3 voids. The number of frames on one side is equal to 4. The diameter of the longitudinal and transverse rods is taken as 6AI.

- Condition check:

2.3.8. Check the plate for mounting force.

- Mounting loops are located at a distance of 500 mm from plate ends.

- Load from the dead weight of the plate taking into account the dynamic factor:

q = 0.11 × 1.49 × 25 × 1.1 × 1.4 = 6.31 kN/m

1.1 - load safety factor

1,4 - dynamic factor

- Value of negative design bending moment from weight of cantilever part of plate:

Mop = q × a2/2 = 6.31 × 0.52/2 = 0.79 kNm

This moment is perceived by the longitudinal reinforcement of the upper grid and the structural longitudinal reinforcement of the frames. Rods of Ø4BpI with pitch of 200 mm are arranged in upper grid in longitudinal direction. The area of ​ ​ these rods AS = 8 × 0,126 = 1,008 cm2

- Required number of valves for perception of negative moment:

As = Mop/( 0.9 × Rs × ho) = 0.79 × 105/( 0.9 × 410 × 100 × 19.5) = 0.11 cm2

Rs = 410 MPa (Table 23 change 2 SNiP 2.03.0184 *)

As = 0.11 cm2 less than existing reinforcement As = 1.008 cm2 ⇒ plate strength for mounting force is provided.

2.3.9. Calculation of mounting loops.

- Determination of load from the dead weight of the plate:

P = 2950 × 10 × 1.1 × 1.4 = 45430 H = 45.43 H

When the plate is lifted, its weight can be transferred to 3 loops.

- Force per 1 loop:

N = P/3 = 45.43/3 = 15.14 kN

Loops shall be made from valves of AI, Rs = 225 MPa

- Loop cross-sectional area:

AS1 = N/Rs = 15.14 × 103/( 225 × 100) = 0.67 cm2

Accept loop Ø10 AI, As = 0.785 cm2.

2.4. Calculation of reinforced concrete flight of stairs.

Calculate and finish the ladder march of the ribbed structure with frieze steps with the following data:

- floor height No = 3.3 m;

- width of the march b = 1350 mm;

- height of ribs hp = 190 mm;

- rib thickness bp = 100 mm;

- the size of the steps of the march 300 × 150 mm;

- the width of the treads of the frieze steps is 220 mm.

2.4.1. Determining the Load on the March

- Dead weight of standard catalogue march qn = 3.6 kN/m2

- Load reliability factor αf = 1.1

- Time standard load pn = 3 kN/m2 (Table 3 SNiP 2.01.0785 "Loads and impacts").

- Reliability factor for temporary load αf = 1.2

- Calculated total load acting on 1 linear meter of horizontal projection of the march with the width of the march of 1.35 m is:

- Full design load acting perpendicular to the march:

- Determination of estimated flight span:

The following calculation scheme of the march is accepted:

- Determination of maximum design force:

2.4.2. Calculates the normal section march.

- The actual cross section of the march is replaced with the design T-section with the shelf in the compressed zone. Moreover, b = 2bp = 2 × 100 = 200 mm.

< Therefore, the march is reinforced normally.

- Determination of required reinforcement area:

One frame is installed in each edge. 2Ø14 AIII with As = 3.08 cm2 is accepted.

The transverse reinforcement is accepted according to the table of the diameter ratio from the welding condition and is accepted Ø5 BpI.

The transverse reinforcement pitch is taken for design reasons and is equal to:

2.5. Calculates the ribbon foundation for the inner wall.

Calculate and construct the tape foundation under the inner wall with the following data:

- wall thickness 380 mm;

- floor height No = 3.3 m;

- two-story building;

- base is a slurry (IL = 0; e=0,55);

- building with basement Npodv. = 1.84 m;

- foundation is made of concrete of B12.5 class;

- working valves of class AIII;

- Molodechno construction area;

- design load on 1m2 of qper. = 5.6 kN/m2;

- design load per 1 m2 of coating qpok. = 5.96 kN/m2;

Organizational and Technological Part

3.1. Routing.

3.1.1 Scope of application.

The process map was developed for the installation of a roof made of Kineplast material at the Children's Nursery-Garden facility with 140 seats.

The mode of labor in this process sheet is adopted on the condition of an optimally high rate of labor processes execution by improving the organization of the workplace, a clear distribution of duties among the workers of the link, taking into account the division of labor and the maximum combination of operations, the use of an improved tool, devices and equipment.

3.1.2. Technology and organization of works.

Selection of methods and methods of work execution.

Prior to the start of insulation works, all construction and installation works, including grouting of joints (joints) between prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, shall be performed and accepted according to the act.

Roofing works shall be performed by specialized teams (links) under the technical guidance of the works manufacturer (foreman). Work crews shall be trained in the procedure of these works, including the requirements of occupational safety and safety.

Before the installation of insulation layers, the base should be dry provided, all irregularities are excluded. The surface of the base is provided by the "Cyclone" sub-machine KU405. Drying of a surface is carried out by means of the CO107 car. Before drying of the humidified surfaces make removal of water from roughnesses of the basis by means of the CO106 car.

Steam insulation is performed from RPP 300A ruberoid.

For the device of the roof slope, a fill of expanded clay gravel is used, the material is laid in strips 2-3 m wide, limited by lighthouse racks. Gravel is fed directly to place of laying by means of low mechanization. The filled material is leveled with racks and compacted with hand rollers.

Heat insulation works are combined with steam insulation works. This work is performed "on itself," which increases the safety of thermal insulation during the transportation of materials.

Heat-insulating plates are laid with minimum seams, if width of seams exceeds 5 mm, then they are filled with heat-insulating material.

Leveling brace is made of cement-sand mortar, its laying is performed by two workers, laid mortar is leveled with blade, after which surface is smoothed with rule from metal angle, making zigzag movements. If after one pass the rules remain ironed areas, the ironing is repeated. The rule is moved along rails that serve as beacons and are installed along the leveler. Bracing strips are made no more than 3 m wide and are made alternately. Solution is supplied to the roof using SO49B solution pump. The range of solution supply vertically is 40 m, horizontally - 100 m. To prevent evaporation of moisture, the surface of the brace must be trimmed during the first day. Subsequent operations can be performed after the solution acquires strength of 50 kg/cm2.

Temperature shrinkage seams 510mm wide are made in the brace, dividing the brace into sections of no more than 6 × 6 m. The seams are located above the end seams of the supporting plates. Strips with width of 150200mm from material with coarse-grained sprinkling "Kineplast" are laid along the seams and glued on one side of the seam.

Base trimming works begin at deformation joints or watershed lines. Primer is applied immediately after bracing solution laying, solution of V grade bitumen and kerosene prepared in mass ratio 1:3 is used as primer. Primer is supplied to roof via hoses of autogudronator. Primer is applied by means of dyeing sprayer by movement of fishing rod in different directions. It should be applied easily, lay down evenly and after drying leave a thin film of bitumen binder on the surface of the base. To obtain a uniform layer, the fishing rod is kept at a distance of 3040 cm from the base. Primer consumption is 0.30.5 kg/m2.

Roofing carpet arrangement within working grips is started from lowered sections (funnel locations).

The roofing carpet shall be arranged in the following sequence:

- gluing of funnels of internal drains with additional layer;

- gluing of layers of the main water insulation carpet;

- gluing adjoins to vertical structures with additional layers.

Kineplast gluing is carried out by heating (melting) the mastic layer with burners that operate on propane-butane liquefied gas.

Technological techniques of "Kineplast" sticker are performed in the following sequence.

5-7 rolls are rolled on the prepared base, one roll is tried on with respect to the other and the necessary overlapping is provided for joining the webs on the side upper edge of 100 mm of each web, then the webs of roll material are rolled back into the rolls, except for the web rolled along the watershed line. The rolled cloth is fixed with washers with dowels on both sides. Then, heating the coating layer (gluing layer), the next roll is rolled out, pressing tightly against the previously laid cloth. After that free edge of rolled panel is fixed with washers with dowels.

Upper layer is made by continuous welding, at that ends of rolled and approximate to each other rolls are glued on one side, heating cover material and surface of previously laid layer by hand burner. The main web is glued during gradual rolling of the roll, pressing it tightly to the base. At the same time, overlaps are compacted. Rolling in overlapping places is carried out by the roller IR735.

To glue the web, the roofer ignites the burner and melts the bottom surface of the rolled roll, holding the burner cup at a distance of 1020 cm from the roll. In this case, it is necessary to float the coating mastic layer carefully. Excessive heating is unacceptable, since this can lead to a creep, melting of the coating layer on the front side of the panel.

The synchrony of the melting of the mastic layer and the rolling of the roll should be carefully monitored. The speed of movement is determined by the time required to start melting the mastic layer of the adhered roll, which is evaluated visually by the beginning of the formation of the molten mastic roll.

Mastic must not be allowed to flow out from under the roll by more than 5 mm. Greater outflow indicates overheating of the material and loss of mastic quality (combustion and evaporation of light oils). The overlapping places where this happened should be additionally patched using a spatula heated by the burner flame. Sealing of seams, adjoining device must be performed with the help of small flame burner, in which adjustment of flame length and its short-term burning is provided.

A sign of normal gluing is the absence of blackening and bubbles on the upper side of the glued panel.

When gluing a roofing carpet, it is necessary to observe the amount of overlapping of the webs in all layers of at least 100 mm in length and width, while the webs of the upper layer are rolled out so that they cover the seams of the underlying layer by 50%.

Roll roll IR830 roller is used for roll rolling.

Funnels of internal drains shall be installed according to the design in reduced places with their attachment to the building structures. At the places of passage through the roof of the funnels of the internal drain, an additional layer is laid, and the layers of the roof carpet should go to the water intake bowl.

Cut-off of funnels of internal drains must be started after cleaning the funnel base from debris and dust and, if necessary, drying.

Roofing material intended for gluing funnels is pre-harvested with webs 0.7 × 0, 7m. Applying the prepared web to the funnel, the roofer in the center above the funnel makes a cruciform incision, then glues the incised parts with the help of a burner device. Gluing of the panel is carried out due to melting of the cover layer and tight pressing of the panel.

Two additional layers of Kineplast material should be laid in places of height differences of roofs, in places of roofing layers adjoining vertical surfaces (parapets, ventilation shafts). When sticking the main carpet when approaching vertical surfaces, all main layers are laid on inclined sides to the vertical surface. The sides are made of cement sand M50, the height and width of the side is 100 × 100 mm.

At the abutment of the roof to the vertical structures, roofing roll materials are glued with panels 22.5 m long. The sticker of Kineplast panels on the vertical surfaces is made from bottom to top. Upper edges of additional roofing layers shall be fixed. The upper part of the parapet is finished from roofing steel with crutches, this finish is necessary to protect additional water insulation layers from mechanical damage and atmospheric effects on the roof.

Selection of lifting means

To supply building materials to the roof, a hoist with electrodegrine K1 is accepted

3.1.3 Material Resources

3.1.4 Safety precautions during roofing works

Admission of workers to perform roofing works is allowed after inspection by the foreman or foreman together with the foreman of the serviceability of the roof and fences load-bearing structures.

It is allowed to place materials on the roof only in the places provided for by the project of work performance, with taking measures against their fall, including from the effects of wind.

During interruptions in operation, technological devices, tools and materials must be fixed or removed from the roof.

Roofing works shall not be performed during ice, fog excluding visibility within the work front, thunderstorms and wind at a speed of 15 m/s or more.

Elements and parts of roofs, including compensators in seams, protective aprons, drain pipe links, drains, overhangs, etc. should be supplied to workplaces in the prepared form.

Procurement of the specified elements and parts directly on the roof is not allowed.

When performing roofing works using bitumen or nairit mastiques, rooms for rest, heating people, storage and eating should be placed no closer than 10 m from workplaces.

When performing insulation works (waterproofing, heat insulation, anticorrosion) using flammable materials, as well as releasing harmful substances, it is necessary to ensure the protection of workers from exposure to harmful substances, as well as from thermal and chemical burns.

Bitumen mastic should be delivered to workplaces, as a rule, by bitumen pipeline or using lifting machines. If it is necessary to move hot bitumen at workplaces manually, metal tanks should be used, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing a wide part down, with tightly closing covers and locking devices.

It is not allowed to use bituminous masks with a temperature above 180 ° С in operation.

Boilers for cooking and heating bitumen mastic must be equipped with instruments for measuring the temperature of the mastic and tightly closing covers. The filler to be loaded into the boiler must be dry. It is unacceptable to get ice and snow into the boiler. Fire extinguishing equipment shall be located near the digester.

When performing works using hot bitumen with several working links, the distance between them must be at least 10 m.

When preparing a primer consisting of solvent and bitumen, molten bitumen should be poured into the solvent. It is not allowed to pour the solvent into the molten bitumen.

Workers have to be provided with personal protection equipment, overalls and special footwear according to standard branch norms of free delivery of clothes, special footwear and safety devices to the workers and employees occupied on construction, construction and repair construction works.

3.3 Construction Plot Plan.

3.3.1 List of storage rooms and sites calculation.

3.3.2. Calculation of requirements for temporary buildings and structures

The areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined by the maximum number of people working on the construction site and the standard area per person using these premises.

Number of employees is determined by formula:

Ntl = (Nrab + NITP + Nservice + NMOP) k

where N total is the total number of people working on the construction site; Nrab - the number of workers accepted according to the schedule of changes in the number of work plans or network; NITR - number of engineering and technical workers (ITR); Services - number of employees; NMOP - number of junior maintenance personnel (MOS) and security; k is a ratio taking into account leave, sickness, public duties, taken 1.051.06.

The number of ITR, employees and MOS is determined according to the table:

3.3.3 Calculation of construction demand for water.

The total need for water will be:

Vobshch =0.5 (Vpr + Vkhoz + Vdush) + Vpozh

Water consumption for production needs is determined on the basis of the schedule and water consumption rates given in the table of specific water consumption for production needs .

Per second water consumption for production needs

Vpr=∑V1maks×k1/( t1 × 3600)

First = 9450 × 1 .5/( 8 × 3600) = 0.49 l/s

The amount of water for household needs is determined based on the number of workers using the services and the water standards given in table 23.

The pipe diameter is 100 mm.

3.3.4. Calculation of electricity demand.

The main source of energy used in the construction of buildings and structures is electricity. For power supply of machines and mechanisms, electric welding and technological needs, power electricity is used, the source of which is high-voltage networks; a lighting line is used to illuminate the construction site.

Outdoor lighting network power is found by formula:

The power of the network for lighting the area of work, open warehouses, internal roads and security lighting is summarized in table 25.

The grid power for internal lighting is calculated by the expression:

Quantity of electric power for internal lighting is determined

I accept TM50/6 transformer (power 50 kW, mass with oil 580 kg).

Occupational and environmental protection measures

Organization of construction site, work areas and workplaces.

The organization of the construction site, work areas and workplaces should ensure the safety of workers at all stages of the work.

All geographically separate areas shall be provided with telephone or radio networks.

When organizing a construction site, placing areas of work, workplaces, driveways of construction machines and vehicles, passages for people, it is necessary to establish areas dangerous to people within which production factors are constantly operating or can potentially act.

Hazardous areas shall be marked with safe signs with inscriptions of the installed form.

The following zones should be considered as permanently operating hazardous production factors:

- close to non-insulated current-carrying parts of electrical installations;

- close to non-fenced height differences by 1.3 m or more;

- in places where harmful substances are contained in concentrations higher than the maximum permissible or noise with intensity higher than the maximum permissible.

Areas of potential operational hazards should include:

- sections of the territory near the building (structure) under construction; floors (tiers) of buildings and structures in one grip above which structures or equipment are installed (dismantled);

- areas of movement of machines, equipment or their parts, working elements; places above which cargo is transported by lifting cranes.

Zones of permanently operating hazardous industrial factors of the RO shall have protective (safety) fences that meet the requirements of GOST 2340778 {GOST 12.4.05989).

Construction and installation works in these areas are allowed in accordance with the RLP, containing specific solutions for the protection of workers.

Areas of potential hazardous production factors shall have signal barriers meeting the requirements of GOST 2340778.

During construction and installation works in the specified hazardous areas, organizational and technical measures should be implemented to ensure the safety of the workers.

The operation of buildings and their separate parts located near buildings under construction or reconstruction is permitted provided that the cover of the upper floor of the building under operation is not in the hazardous area of possible fall of objects near the building under construction (reconstruction) or movement of goods by lifting machines, determined depending on the height of possible fall of the object to the cover of the upper floor of the building under operation, as well as when performing the following measures:

- window, door openings of the operated building or its separate parts, falling into the area of possible fall of objects, must be covered with protective fences;

- inlets and outlets of the operated building shall be near the structures, outside the hazardous area.

The values of the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area, the excess of which poses a danger to the person and determines the boundaries of the hazardous area, are set in Appendix 9 of SNII480 *.

The boundaries of hazardous areas near moving parts and working bodies of machines are determined by a distance within 5 m, if other increased requirements are not contained in the certificate or instructions of the manufacturer.

The construction site in populated areas or in the territory of existing enterprises should be fenced in order to avoid access by unauthorized persons. The enclosures shall meet the requirements of GOST 2340778. Fences adjacent to places of mass passage of people must be equipped with a continuous protective visor.

When placing temporary structures, fences, warehouses and scaffolding, take into account the requirements for the dimensions of downgrading buildings to vehicles moving in the vicinity.

Fire safety at the construction site, work areas and workplaces should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works (PPB0586) approved by the State Unitary Enterprise of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Electrical safety at the construction site, areas and workplaces shall be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.01378.

Monitoring of harmful substances content in the air of the working area, vibration and noise, temperature standards, relative humidity and air speed at workplaces must be carried out by instruments.

To control these values, construction laboratories should be used, and specialized or sanitary laboratories should be used to control other harmful production factors.

When performing construction and installation work on the territory or in the workshops of existing industrial enterprises, control over compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards should be carried out in the manner established for this enterprise.

The construction site, work areas, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them in the dark should be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046 - 85. The illumination shall be uniform, without the blinding effect of the lighting fixtures on the workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

Wells, pits and other excavations in the ground in places of possible access of people should be covered with covers, strong shields or fenced. In the dark the enclosures shall be indicated by electric signal lamps with voltage not exceeding 42 V.

General Issues for Occupational Safety Workers:

Workers with professional skills and who have completed:

- medical examination;

Training and testing of occupational safety knowledge and certification;

- Induction training on safety, industrial sanitation and fire safety;

- primary safety instruction directly at the workplace followed by approval.

Repeated briefing is carried out at least once every three months.

The worker shall:

- comply with the established requirements for handling machines and mechanisms;

- use the issued workwear and other personal protective equipment as intended;

- perform only the work on which it is instructed and to which it is allowed by the foreman (foreman);

- use the protective helmet and other personal protective equipment while at the construction site and other hazardous places;

- be aware of personal responsibility for compliance with safety regulations;

- provide first aid to the victim at work and take measures to eliminate violations of safety rules. All injuries should be reported immediately to the foreman (foreman).

It is not allowed to work in overalls doused with fuels or lubricants, smoke or approach open fire in such clothes. Such workwear should be immediately rented out.

It is forbidden to consume, or to stay in the workplace, the territory of the organization or during working hours in a state of alcohol, drug or toxic intoxication. Smoking is allowed only in specially designated places.

It is forbidden to arbitrarily change the place of work without the knowledge of the foreman or foreman, to walk around the territory of the construction site without production need, to comply with orders if they are contrary to safety rules.

In places where the appearance of harmful gas (wells, pits) is possible, the worker can start work only on a concurrent permit after obtaining the permission of the foreman (foreman), who is obliged to carefully check these places and verify the safety of work in them. Such work can be carried out by a link consisting of at least 3 people (two are on the surface, one works in a well).

In the event of an unexpected occurrence of harmful gas, the operation should be stopped immediately and leave the danger zone.

Those working in places where the appearance of harmful gas is possible should have gas masks with them.

Before starting work with scaffolding, scaffolding and cradles, you must obtain the permission of the foreman or foreman, who must verify their serviceability.

It is forbidden to work on faulty forests, scaffolding and cradles, as well as from floorings laid on random supports (barrels, bricks, etc.).

When performing work at a height of more than 5 m above ground, floor or floor level and in cases where it is impossible or impractical to arrange flooring with protective fences, the workers shall be provided with safety belts and shoes with a non-slip sole, the Safety Belt shall be tested and its number and test date shall be indicated on it (every 6 months).

As the thunderstorm approaches, workers must take refuge in a closed room. During a thunderstorm, it is forbidden to stay near tall trees, pillars and other objects rising above the surface of the earth.

When working outdoors and in non-heated rooms during the cold season, depending on the air temperature and wind force, breaks for heating are provided at the place of work, or work is stopped. The air temperature and wind force at which breaks are used or work is stopped are set by local authorities.

It is forbidden to perform installation work in the open air at wind speed of 15 m/s or more, as well as in case of ice, heavy snowfall, thunderstorms, rain and fog.

Passages, driveways, working floorings need to be systematically cleaned of snow, ice and sprinkled

sand.

When storing materials and equipment at workplaces, it is necessary to ensure that they do not clutter passages, materials should be placed on leveled areas with measures against their spontaneous displacement, drainage, showering and rolling.

The limit for manual carrying of weights per person during alternation with other work shall not exceed:

3-8 kg - for female adolescents from 14 to 18 years old;

6-18 kg - for male adolescents from 14 to 18 years old;

7-10 kg for women over 18 years of age; 50 kg - for men over 18 years old.

It is forbidden to use a manual tool having: chips, potholes of working ends;

burrs in places of hand clamping; cracks and chips on the occipital part.

The metal working part of the hand tool must be firmly mounted on a wooden handle with wedging.

Before using manual electrical and pneumatic machines, make sure that they are serviceable and check:

hoses and hose wires along the entire length and strength of their connections;

stamps and tags with the dates of the last tests on hand-held machines, hose wires and protective dielectric devices.

Installation and replacement of electric lamps, connection of hand-held electric machines and other current collectors to the electrical network shall be performed by the duty electrician.

Any wire breakage, grounding failure and other damage to electrical equipment shall be reported immediately to the foreman (foreman) or the duty electrician.

External electrical wiring of temporary power supply shall be made with insulated wire suspended at a height of at least 2.5 m above workplaces, 3.5 m above passageways and 6.0 m above driveways.

In case of electric shock, it is urgently necessary to free a person from his action by turning off the current with the nearest switch or breaking the current circuit. If this is not possible, the victim should be separated from the current-carrying parts using protective means or dry objects that do not conduct electric current.

Before the doctor arrives, the victim should, if necessary, undergo artificial respiration and indirect heart massage.

For fire safety at the construction site, the following requirements shall be met:

- Smoking only in specially designated places provided with fire extinguishing equipment;

- do not make bonfires;

- remove combustible construction waste daily at the end of work from workplaces and directly from the construction site to specially designated places not closer than 50 m from buildings and warehouses.

It is forbidden to drink alcohol and appear drunk in the construction territory, workplaces, in domestic premises.

The employee shall be responsible for non-compliance with the requirements of this instruction in accordance with the current legislation.

Types of training

All employees are required to learn safe working practices, to know the rules of labor protection well and to start work only after receiving induction training and instruction at the workplace.

By the nature and time of the briefing, they are divided into:

1) introductory;

2) primary at the workplace;

3) repeated;

4) unscheduled;

5) target.

Induction. With all employees employed regardless of their education, seniority in a given profession or position, with temporary and seconded employees, students and students who have arrived for industrial training or practice, as well as with students of educational institutions before the start of laboratory and practical work, introductory training is carried out in educational laboratories, workshops, sites, landfills.

It is carried out by an occupational safety engineer or a person entrusted with these duties, and with students in educational institutions - a teacher or master of industrial training in an occupational safety office or a specially equipped room using modern technical training tools and visual aids (posters, layouts, films, etc.).

The program of introductory training is developed by the department of labor protection taking into account the requirements of the PSBT standards, rules, norms and instructions on labor protection, as well as all the peculiarities of production, and is approved by the head (chief engineer) of the enterprise, educational institution in agreement with the trade union committee. The duration of the training is set in accordance with the approved program.

Sample list of key introductory training issues.

1. General information about the enterprise, peculiarities of production.

2. Main provisions of labour protection legislation.

2.1. Employment contract, working and rest time, occupational safety of women and minors. Benefits and compensation.

2.2. Rules of internal labor regulations of the enterprise, liability for violation of labor protection rules.

2.3. Organization of work on labor protection at the enterprise. Supervision and monitoring of health and safety.

3. General rules of conduct of employees on the territory of the enterprise. Location of workshops, services, auxiliary rooms.

4. The main hazardous and harmful production factors characteristic of this production. Methods and means of preventing accidents and occupational diseases: means of collective protection, posters, safety signs, alarms. Basic requirements for prevention of electric trams.

5. Basic requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene.

6. PPE. Procedure and standards of issue, sock time.

7. Circumstances and the causes of the most typical accidents, accidents, the fires which happened at the enterprise and other similar productions because of violation of safety requirements.

8. Procedure for investigation and registration of accidents and occupational diseases.

9. Fire safety. Methods and means to prevent fires, explosions, accidents. Personnel actions when they occur.

10. First aid to the victims. Actions of workers in case of accident in the area, in the workshop.

An entry is made on conducting an introductory briefing in the introductory briefing log with the mandatory signature of the instructor and instructor, as well as in the employment document. In addition to the magazine, a personal training card can be used.

Induction training with students is recorded in the register of educational work, and with students engaged in extracurricular institutions - in the working journal of the head of the circle, section, etc.

Initial Workplace Briefing. Initial training at the workplace before the start of production activities is carried out:

with all accepted to the enterprise, transferred from one department to another;

with employees performing new work for them, seconded and temporary workers;

with builders performing construction and installation works on the territory of the existing enterprise;

with students and students who have arrived for military training or practice;

before studying each new topic during practical sessions in workshops, laboratories, etc.

Initial training at the workplace is carried out according to programs developed and approved by the heads of production divisions of the enterprise, educational institution for certain professions and types of work, taking into account the requirements of CEVT standards, relevant rules, norms and instructions on labor protection, production instructions and other technical documentation. The programs are coordinated with the labor protection department and the trade union committee of the enterprise.

An example list of the main issues of initial training at the workplace.

1. General information about the process and equipment at this workplace. The main hazardous and harmful production factors characteristic of this process.

2. Safe organization and maintenance of the workplace.

3. Hazardous areas of the construction facility. Equipment safety equipment (interlock and alarm systems, safety signs). Requirements for the prevention of electrotraumatism.

4. Procedure for preparation for operation (preparation of launchers, tools and accessories, grounding and other protective equipment.

5. Safe practices and working methods; actions in case of dangerous situation.

6. Personal protective equipment at this workplace rules for their use.

7. Diagram of safe movement of workers on the territory of the facility, workshop, site.

8. Internal transport and lifting means and mechanisms. Safety requirements for loading and unloading operations and cargo transportation.

9. Characteristic causes of accidents, explosions, fires, cases of industrial injuries.

10. Measures to prevent accidents, explosions, fires. Actions of workers in case of accident, explosion, fire. Methods of using fire extinguishing, emergency protection and alarm equipment available on the site, their location.

The initial instruction at the workplace is conducted with each employee or student individually with a practical display of safe techniques and methods of work. Initial training is also possible with a group of people if they serve the same type of equipment within the general workplace.

All workers, including graduates of vocational schools, training and production (course) plants, after initial instruction at the workplace, must undergo an internship during the first 214 shifts (depending on the nature of the work, the qualification of the employee) under the guidance of persons appointed by order in the site (workshop).

Workers are allowed to work independently after an internship, testing theoretical knowledge and acquired skills of safe working methods.

Re-instructing. Re-instruction is given to all workers regardless of qualifications, education, seniority, nature of performed work at least once a half-year.

Enterprises, organizations, in agreement with trade unions and the relevant local state supervision bodies, for some categories of workers, a longer (up to 1 year) period of re-instruction may be set.

Repeated instruction is carried out individually or with a group of workers serving the same type of equipment within the general workplace, according to the program of initial instruction at the workplace in full. Its purpose is to remind the rules of TV.

Unscheduled briefing. Unscheduled briefing is carried out:

The introduction of new or revised standards, regulations, occupational safety instructions and their additions;

changes in the process, replacement or modernization of equipment, devices, tools, materials and other factors affecting occupational safety;

In case of violation by workers and students of occupational safety requirements, which may lead to injury, accident, explosion, fire, poisoning;

at the request of the supervisory authorities;

in case of interruptions in work for 60 calendar days, and in work to which additional (increased) labor safety requirements are presented, for more than 30 days.

Unscheduled training is carried out individually or with a group of workers in the same profession. The scope and content of the briefing shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on the reasons and circumstances that necessitated it.

Targeted briefing. Targeted training is carried out during: performance of one-time works not related to direct duties in the specialty (loading, unloading, cleaning of the territory, etc.); disaster management; performance of works for which the work permit, permit and other documents are executed; conducting excursions at the enterprise, organizing mass events with students (excursions, hikes, sports competitions, etc.).

The initial briefing at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefing is carried out by the direct work manager (master, foreman, master, teacher).

On-site training is completed by testing knowledge in the form of an oral survey or through technical training tools, as well as testing the acquired skills of safe working methods. Knowledge is checked by the instructor.

Persons who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge are not allowed to work independently or practice, and must be instructed again.

The instructor makes an entry in the instructor's instruction log and (or) in the personal card with the obligatory signature of the instructor and instructor. When registering an unscheduled briefing, the reason for its conduct is indicated.

Performance of targeted briefing with employees performing work on work release, permit is recorded in work permit or other documentation permitting performance of these works.

General electrical safety requirements.

Requirements for installation and operation of permanent and temporary power grids and electrical equipment

Installation and operation of electrical networks and electrical equipment used on construction sites, in buildings and structures under construction and temporary shall meet the requirements of PUE, construction codes and regulations of SNiP III480 * "Safety in Construction," Interstate Standard GOST 12.1.01378 "Occupational Safety Standards System. Construction. Electrical safety. General requirements "and other regulatory documents.

Persons responsible for fire-fighting condition of power grids and electrical equipment shall:

- Ensure correct selection, application, laying and installation of electrical networks, motors, lighting fixtures and other electrical equipment depending on fire class and hazardous areas as per PUE and environmental conditions;

- Systematically monitor the serviceability of electrical equipment in order to prevent the occurrence of emergency operation modes in it (short circuit, overload, large transient resistances and other emergency modes) in accordance with passport and other data on them;

- Perform scheduled and preventive inspections of power grids and electrical equipment, check availability and serviceability of protection devices and immediately take necessary measures to eliminate shortcomings;

- Prevent the installation, repair and maintenance of electrical networks and electrical equipment of persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications and admission group.

All mains and electrical equipment shall have serviceable protection devices against emergency operation modes (short circuit, overvoltage, G-load). Characteristics of protection devices shall correspond to operation modes of power grids and electrical equipment.

Only conductors specifically designed for this purpose shall be used as zero protective (grounding) conductors. The earthing lines shall be connected to the earthing lines in at least two different places and, if possible, on opposite sides. It is not allowed to use pipelines of water supply, sewerage, heating and similar systems as grounding.

Portable lamps shall be used only if there are serviceable protective glass caps and metal nets. For these lamps and other portable (mobile) electrical equipment, flexible cables with copper cores in rubber insulation resistant to the environment should be used. Connection of portable lamps shall be provided from coupler boxes with socket sockets.

Electrical equipment is allowed for installation and operation, which by its type and design corresponds to the zone class according to PUE, as well as environmental characteristics. It is not allowed to operate electrical equipment manufactured by non-specialized organizations in fire hazardous and explosive areas, as well as without a passport, operating instructions, stamps indicating the degree of protection of the containment according to PUE.

In storage rooms with fire hazardous areas, the use of devices with detachable contact connections is prohibited.

Distance from lamps to combustible materials shall be not less than 0.5 m, and from lamps to building structures of fire hazard classes K2KZ - not less than 0.2 m.

Open lighting fixtures are not allowed in temporary buildings and structures.

Switchboards and starters shall be periodically inspected and cleaned of combustible dust or deposits. The frequency of cleaning should be established and instructions on fire safety measures. Access to electrical panels, motors and other electrical equipment shall be free.

Faulty mains and electrical equipment shall be shut down immediately until the faults are rectified and brought to a fire-safe state.

Connection and branching of wires and cables should be done by means of pressing, welding, soldering or special clamps.

Periodically (according to the process regulations and regulatory requirements) the specialized organization shall measure the insulation resistance of wires and cables.

Lighting spotlights on the territory of the construction site are not allowed to be installed on roofs made of materials of flammability groups GZG4 and enclosing structures of fire hazard classes K2KZ.

It is not allowed to lay electrical wires and cables (except those laid in steel pipes) directly on metal panels using heat-insulating materials of flammability groups GZG4, as well as install electrical panels and similar electrical equipment closer than 1 m from the specified structures.

Electrical networks shall be laid through enclosing structures in metal sleeves with sealing with non-combustible materials.

Cables for suspension of wires, cables or their bundles to them during air laying must be reliably fixed.

During operation of electrical installations it is not allowed:

- Use cables and wires with damaged or damaged insulation;

- Use non-factory-made heating appliances for heating, drying and cooking;

- Leave energized electrical equipment, including household appliances, as well as bare ends of electrical wires and cables, unattended;

- Allow electrical wires to contact metal structures and utilities;

- Lay overhead power lines and external wiring above (by) roofs using materials of flammability groups GZG4, canopies, timber stacks, warehouses for storage of combustible materials;

- Transit of electrical wires and cables through storage rooms where combustible materials are stored;

- Use stationary lamps as hand-held portable lamps;

- Use damaged (faulty) sockets, switches, couplings, choppers and other electrical installation products;

- Tie and twist electrical wires and cables;

- Suspend lamps directly on electrical wires;

- Glue and paint electrical wires and cables;

- Use electrical installation products (sockets, choppers and other types of products) to hang clothes and other items.

- Wrap electrical lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials;

- Use bathroom fuses, fuses that do not correspond to nominal current, as well as non-industrial (non-factory) production as electrical protection;

- Lay electrical wires and cables inside enclosing structures of fire hazard classes K2KZ, under finishing materials of flammability groups GZG4 without their additional protection according to PUE;

- Replace or disconnect the protection devices (circuit breakers, grounding conductors, fuses and other means of protection) provided by the manufacturer or design documentation for electrical equipment with other types of protection or protection devices with other nominal parameters that are not suitable for this equipment;

- Connect electrical equipment in excess of design parameters of the electrical network;

- Operate open switchboards and starters;

- Store combustible materials in (on) electrical panels. 132. Upon completion of the works, all electrical networks, electrical equipment and other electric consumers of the buildings, including temporary ones) of buildings and structures (with the exception of residential buildings and structures operated under the watch method of construction and searchlights used for lighting the construction site during off-hours) shall be de-energized. The power outage should be centralized.

Switches, choppers and other switching electrical devices used on the construction site or installed on production construction equipment and machines shall be in a protected design.

Current-carrying parts of electrical installations must be insulated, protected or placed in places that are not accessible for touching them .

External wiring of temporary power supply shall be made with insulated wire, placed on supports at the height above ground level, floor, flooring at least, m:

2.5 - over workplaces;

3.5 - above the passages ;

6.0 - above the driveways .

Installation and operation of electrical wiring and electrical products should exclude the possibility of thermal manifestations of electric current, which can lead to the ignition of insulation or a number of combustible materials.

General lighting fixtures connected to 127 and 220 V power supply (mains) shall be installed at a height of not less than 2.5 m from ground level, floor, flooring. If the suspension height is less than 2.5 m, the lamps must be connected to the mains with voltage not higher than 42 V.

Electric holders used in manual arc electric welding with metal electrodes shall meet the requirements of GOST 1465178.

The electric welding unit (converter, welding transformer, etc.) shall be connected to the power supply via a circuit breaker and fuses or a circuit breaker.

Manual arc electric welding with metal electrodes must be carried out using two wires, one of which should be connected to the electric holder, and the other (reverse) - to the welded part (base). In this case, the clamp of the secondary winding of the welding transformer, to which the return wire is connected, must be grounded (tapped).

Monitoring of compliance with electrical safety requirements:

Periodic monitoring of insulation resistance of electrical circuits of electrical installations shall be carried out using appropriate instruments. Before the devices are connected, voltage removal from the monitored electrical circuits must be ensured.

Methods of control of electric field strength of industrial frequency currents with voltage 400 kV and higher shall comply with the methods specified in GOST 12.1.00284 .

Fire safety rules.

For all fire hazardous substances used in production, fire hazard indicators shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of the current standards. It is prohibited to use substances and materials with unknown fire hazard indicators in technological processes.

Wherever, according to the conditions of the technology, it is impossible to avoid the use of open devices, containers with open packaging with LVW and GW, it is necessary to:

- contain minimum required quantity of simultaneously located combustible liquids at workplaces and not exceed it;

- work with recovery of released vapors by local suction;

- work on open baths and containers with closed covers;

- provide the possibility of emergency drain of liquid from stationary baths and tanks;

- work with less fire hazardous solvents.

It is necessary to observe the established deadlines for inspections of the equipment, as well as stopping it for repair and carry out in safe conditions. It is forbidden to extend the deadlines between scheduled works, as well as to carry out them in full.

In the presence of substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion in the air, it is necessary to take measures that exclude or inhibit the oxidation process.

No contact shall be allowed between substances and materials which, as a result of interaction with each other, cause ignition, explosion or form combustible and toxic gases..

Signs prohibiting the use of open fire, as well as signs warning of caution in the presence of flammable and explosive substances, shall be displayed in explosion and fire hazardous premises and in open installations that pose a risk of explosion or ignition of substances, in accordance with the requirements of the current standards.

Regardless of the presence of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm units, rooms and areas shall be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the standards.

Loading and unloading areas shall be equipped with means of fire fighting and emergency response (liquid bottling, etc.)

Chemicals and materials should be stored uniformly in accordance with their physicochemical and fire hazard properties. To this end, warehouses shall be divided into separate rooms (compartments) isolated from each other by blind (without windows and doors) walls (partitions) made of non-combustible materials.

It is not allowed to arrange locker rooms in warehouses.

If there are combustible materials in the premises, as well as articles in the package made of combustible materials, the electric lamps must have a closed or protected design. Lighting fixtures in storage rooms shall be located at a distance of not less than 0.5 m from combustible materials, substances and articles.

It is forbidden to use staircases for workplaces and warehouses, to place equipment and materials in staircases.

All escape exit doors shall open in the direction of exit from the building. Closing of emergency exits doors and clogging is prohibited.

Paint materials shall be delivered to painting areas in ready form. Lacquers and paints should be prepared and diluted in a dedicated isolated room or in an open area.

Paint materials and solvents spilled on the floor should be removed immediately using sawdust or sand.

Washing of floors, walls and equipment with gasoline, kerosene, combustible solvents and other flammable liquids is prohibited.

The territory of the facility should be constantly kept clean and systematically cleaned of production waste, garbage, fallen leaves, dry grass, etc.

Metal chips, oiled wiping materials and industrial waste shall be stored in specially equipped and allocated places (areas). Production waste not subject to disposal should be removed and removed from the site.

All buildings and structures of the facility shall be freely accessible. Driveways and entrances to buildings, structures and fire water sources, as well as approaches to fire equipment and equipment should always be free. Fire breaks between buildings are not allowed to be used for storage of materials, equipment, packaging containers, for parking of vehicles and construction of temporary buildings and structures.

Packagings made of paint and varnish materials must be stored on special sites located at a distance of at least 20 m from buildings and structures and be tightly closed.

As a rule, special fire shields, stands, cabinets must be installed to place primary fire extinguishing equipment at the facilities. Fire extinguishing equipment is compactly placed on stands and fire panels. Fire shields may be closed by mesh or lattice doors, and closures shall not prevent the use of fire extinguishers, equipment and tools located on the shield in case of fire. Benches and fire shields shall be installed in rooms in prominent and easily accessible places, if possible closer to the exit from the premises. Fire panels and stands shall provide:

- protection of fire extinguishers from direct sunlight, as well as protection of volumetric components from use by unauthorized persons for other purposes (for shields and stands installed outdoors):

- convenience and speed of removal (removal) of components fixed on the shield or bench.

Fire extinguishers must be hung in prominent places at a height of 1.5 m from the upper handle.

Sand boxes shall be closed tightly with covers. Lumpy, moistened sand should be dried and sifted.

Economic part

5.1 Estimated documentation

The name of the construction site: Children's nursery-garden for 140 places.

Construction Code:

Object name: Children's nursery-garden for 140 places

Object cipher:

Set of drawings: 1-6

Name of the construction site: Children's nursery-garden for 140 places

Object name: Children's nursery-garden for 140 places

Set of drawings: 1-6

Literature

Buga P.G. "Civil, industrial and agricultural buildings" - M.: Higher School, 1987. – 351 pages.

Neelov V.A. Civic buildings. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1988. - 300 s.

Shereshevsky I.A. "Civil Building Design" - L.: Stroyizdat. Leningrad branch, 1981. – 176 pages.

Territorial catalogs of industrial structures and products for housing and civil engineering. The collection of TK 203.00.91 in 3 volumes. Tom 1 in 2 parts. Reinforced concrete products. - Mn.: Minsk Institute of Standard Design 1991.

GOST 21.10193 SPDS. Main requirements to detailed documentation/ISTC. - Mr., 1995. – 24 pages.

GOST 21.20493 SPDS. Schematic symbols and images of elements of master plans and transport facilities/ISTC. - Mn., 1995. – 24 pages.

GOST 21.20593 SPDS. Schematic designations of elements of sanitary and technical systems/MSTSC. - Mn., 1994. – 23 pages.

GOST 21.501 - 93 SPDS. Rules for execution of architectural and construction working drawings/MSTSC. - Mr., 1995. – 46 pages.

GOST 21.508 - 93 SPDS. Rules for execution of working documentation of master plans of enterprises, structures and housing civil facilities/ISTC. - Mr., 1995. – 27 pages.

STB 939-93. Windows and balcony doors for buildings and structures. General specifications/Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus. - Mn., 1994. – 40 pages.

STB 1138-98. Doors and gates for buildings and structures. General Specifications/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mon., 1999. – 58 pages.

STB 1154-99. Dwelling. Main provisions/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mon., 1999. – 13 pages.

SNB 1.03.02 - 96. Composition, Procedure for Development and Approval of Design Documentation in Construction/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 1996. – 24 pages.

SNB 2.02.01-98. Fire-technical classification of buildings, building structures and materials/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 2001. – 7 pages.

SNB 2.04.01-97. Construction heat engineering/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 1998. – 32 pages.

SNB 2.04.02-2000. Construction climatology/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 2001. – 38 pages.

SNB 3.03.02-97. Streets and roads of cities, towns and rural settlements/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 1998. – 32 pages.

SNB 5.01.01-99. Foundations and foundations of buildings and structures/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mon., 1999. – 39 pages.

SNB 5.08.01 - 2000. Roofs. Technical Requirements and Rules of Acceptance/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 2000. – 24 pages.

SNiP 2.01.02 - 85 *. Fire safety standards "/Gosstroy of the USSR. – M, 1991. – 13 pages.

SNiP 2.03.13 - 88. Floors/Gosstroy of the USSR. – M, 1988. – 16 pages.

SNiP 2.08.02-89 Administrative and household buildings.

SNiP 2.04.0591 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

SNiP 2.07.01 - 89. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements/Gosstroy of the USSR. – M, 2000. – 57 pages.

SNiP 3.06.0385. Highways.

SNiP 3.05.0485 * External networks and structures of water supply and sewerage

Allowance P1 - 97 to SNiP 2.07.01 - 89. Planning and development of manor housing construction areas in settlements of the Republic of Belarus/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 1998. – 28 pages.

SNiP 2.08.01 - 89. Residential buildings (with changes )/Gosstroy of the USSR. – M, 1989. – 16 pages.

Changes No. 1 SNiP 2.08.01 - 89. Residential buildings/Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus. - Mr., 1996. – 4 pages.

GOST 1.105 - 95 ESKD. General Requirements for Text Documents/Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. - Mr., 1996. – 37 pages.

PZ-2000 to SNiP 3.03.0187 "Design and arrangement of thermal insulation of enclosing structures";

D 199 to SNiP 3.03.0187 "Design and arrangement of thermal insulation of external walls by" Thermal noise "method;

Manual 2.04.0196 Thermal engineering calculation of enclosing structures of buildings.

to SNB 2.01.0193

34. SNiP 2.01.0785 "Loads and Impacts"

35. SNiP 2.03.0184 * "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures"

36. SNiP 2.02.0183 "Foundations of buildings and structures"

37. SNB 5.01.0199 "Bases of buildings and structures"

38. SNB 2.04.022000 "Construction climatology"

39. GOST 21.10193 "Basic Requirements for Working Documentation"

40. GOST 21.50193 "Rules for execution of architectural and construction working drawings"

N.A. Smirnov; N.P. Ammosov; S.N. Zavarzin: "Technology and organization of construction production"; Higher School M1987

N.N. Danilov; S.N. Bulganov; M.P. Zimin: "Technology and organization of construction production"; Moscow Stroyizdat, 1988

F. Gayev; S.A. Usik: "Course and degree design. Industrial and civic buildings. " Petersburg Stroyizdat, 1987

SNiP 3.01.0384. Geodetic works in construction.

SNiP 3.03.01 - 87. Structural and enclosing structures.

SNiP 3.04.01 - 87. Insulation and finishing coatings.

SNiP 3.04.0385. Protection of building structures and structures against corrosion.

SNiP 3-4-80 *. Safety in construction.

SNiP 31075. Improvement of the territory

SNB 5.01.0199. Foundations and foundations of buildings and structures. Quality control and acceptance of works.

STB 1164.099. Foundations and foundations of buildings and structures. Quality control and acceptance of works.

SNB 5.06.012000. Roofs.

SNB 5.05.012000. Wooden structures (design, calculation).

SNB 1.02.0196. Engineering surveys for construction.

SNB 2.02.0198. Fire technical classification of buildings, building structures and materials. (instead of 2.01.0285 *).

SNB 1.03.042000. Acceptance of completed construction facilities. Main provisions.

SNB 1.01.0499. Universal quality management in construction. Main provisions.

Manual P199 to SNB 1.01.0499. Quality systems in construction and installation organizations.

ENiR E1 "Internal transport works"

ENiR Collection E 2 "Issue 1 _ Earthworks"

ENiR E3 "Stone Works"

ENiR E4 in 1 "The national teams and monolithic reinforced concrete structures"

ENiR E5 in 1 "Installation of metal designs"

ENiR E7 "Roofing works"

ENiR E8 in 1 "Finishing works"

ENIR E11 "Insulating works"

ENiR E22 in 1 "Welding works"

ENiR E25 "Lifting work"

ENiR E27 "Acidproof and corrosion works"

ENiR E19 "Floors"

71. NZT1 Onsite transport works

72. NZT2 Earthworks

73. NZT3 Stone works

74. NZT6 Carpentry and carpentry works in buildings and structures

75. SNB 8.03.1012000 (RSN1). Land works for urban construction;

76. SNB 8.03.1062000 (RSN6). Concrete and reinforced concrete structures monolithic for urban construction;

77. SNB 8.03.1072000 (RSN7). Concrete and reinforced concrete structures prefabricated for urban construction;

78. SNB 8.03.1082000 (RSN8). Constructions made of brick and blocks for urban construction;

79. SNB 8.03.1092000 (RSN9). Metal structures for urban construction;

80. SNB 8.03.1112000 (RSN11). Floors for urban construction;

81.SNB 8.03.1152000 (RSN15). Division works for urban construction;

82. SNB 8.03.1122000 (RSN12). Roofs for urban construction.

PPB RB 2.092002. Fire safety rules of the Republic of Belarus during construction and installation works;

83. PBMiP. Safety rules when working with mechanisms, tools and devices;

A.N. Kochurko "Rationing of labor and estimates";

Price tags part 1; 2; 4;

Catalogue-codifier of precast reinforced concrete structures 1996 "Belproekt."