Calculation and drawing of hydraulic distributor within course work

Introduction

Hydraulic drives in metalworking machines are used in mechanisms for feeding, changing tools, clamping, copying calipers, devices for transporting, balancing, unloading, fixing, switching gears, locks, moving and turning tables and turret heads, moving pinols.

Hydraulic drives have significant advantages over other types of drives, which allowed them to be widely used in machine tools. The use of hydraulic drives is also due to the following main factors: simplicity of conversion of rotational motion into return; simplicity of linear movements of mechanisms using hydraulic cylinders; small dimensions and low inertia, dynamic characteristics; very low specific gravity, that is, the weight of the hydraulic drive assigned to the transmitted power; continuously adjusting the speed of the actuator; high reliability of hydraulic equipment during long-term operation; increased rigidity and durability; a sufficiently high efficiency value.

These advantages of the hydraulic drive determine its further improvement and development by improving the efficiency and reliability of machine tools and automatic lines.

The purpose of the course work is to design a volumetric hydraulic drive of the 7M36 transverse-strict machine with a technological and strength calculation of the spool hydraulic distributor.

Conclusion

Spool hydraulic distributor is used for control of hydraulic actuators. It consists of housing, channels, pressure, working and drain cavities, holes for working spools located symmetrically relative to the axial hole, at that bushings are built into the housing; serving as housings for working spools, and a central main bushing serving as a main for the supply and drain of working fluid, wherein the grooves of the central main bushing, as well as the grooves of the spool bushings, together with the surfaces of the holes in the distributor housing form cavities necessary for the distributor to operate; and the cavities are connected by connecting channels in the housing and oval holes at the bottom of the grooves of the bushings; Note here that said bushings are secured and sealed by anaerobic glue.

Spool hydraulic distributors have a number of advantages over crane and other types of hydraulic distributors: simplicity of multi-positioning of the spool, low sensitivity to working fluid contamination, ease of manufacture and reliability in operation. Depending on the number of spools, hydraulic distributors are divided into distributors with one and several spools. In the latter case, the distributors may be monoblock or sectional. Distributor sections are bolted together.

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