Heating and ventilation of an automobile enterprise with an aggregate site in Yaroslavl

Contents

Introduction

1 Design Input

1.1 Characteristics of the construction part of the facility

1.2 Production Technology and Emerging Hazards

1.3 Design parameters of outdoor air

1.4 Design parameters of internal air

2 Thermal mode of the building

2.1 Thermal losses of the building

2.2 Heat input to the room

2.3 Thermal balance of the room

3 Entry of hazards into the room

4 Air mode of the room

4.1 Local suction from process equipment

4.2 Required air exchanges of the room

4.3 Air balance of the unit area room

4.4 Air exchange of non-calculated rooms

5 Fundamental and structural solutions for heating and ventilation of premises

6 Heating system

6.1 Structural features of heating system

6.2 Thermal calculation of instruments

6.3 Hydraulic calculation

7 Air distribution and removal devices

7.1 Air distribution in the room of the aggregate section

8 Aerodynamic calculation of ventilation systems

8.1 Aerodynamic calculation of the plenum system

8.2 Aerodynamic calculation of exhaust system B

8.3 Aerodynamic calculation of VE exhaust system

9 Ventilation system equipment

9.1 Selection of plenum system equipment

9.2 Equipment selection for P system

9.3 Selection of exhaust system fans

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

The main task of ventilation is to create favorable working conditions. The role of ventilation in protecting the environment from pollution is also significant, which is especially important for areas located around industrial enterprises.

Industrial buildings have ventilation systems with their own specific features of arrangement and placement. In industrial enterprises it is possible to place ventilation equipment in production rooms or outside the building: on walls or roof, but in any case convenient maintenance of ventilation equipment should be provided. When designing ventilation systems, aim for the smallest length of ducts defined by their range of action. Exhaust ventilation units removing explosive and flammable mixtures shall have explosion-proof design. Installations that remove corrosive substances require a corrosion-resistant design.

The proper organization of the local exhaust ventilation system is important in ensuring the design parameters of internal air in industrial enterprises. To combat vapors and gases of harmful substances released into the air of industrial premises and dust, the use of localizing exhaust ventilation, that is, the removal of harmful substances from the places of their formation, is most effective.

Modern requirements for ventilation systems in conditions of ever-increasing cost of thermal energy involve the use of installations that contribute to saving the heat of ventilation air and preventing the penetration of cold outdoor air into rooms, for which valves are installed on exhaust ducts.

Special attention in the design of ventilation of industrial buildings (including buildings of automobile enterprises) should be paid to fire safety due to the release of combustible gases during operation and the presence of flammable liquids.

1 Design Input

1.1 Characteristics of the construction part of the facility

Design and calculation of heating and ventilation systems is carried out for an automobile enterprise located in the city of Yaroslavl. The main facade of the building is oriented south.

The enterprise building is arceless, one-story, 10 meters high. Bearing structures are made of brick, 500 mm thick. The coating is attic of ribbed plates. Floors - concrete on the ground.

The ground floor elevation is taken as the clear floor elevation.

The enterprise consists of the following rooms: compressor room, fuel equipment repair area, accumulator area, electrolyte, warehouse, aggregate area, electric loaders charging area, bus repair area. In the premises of the warehouse, charging section of electric loaders and the aggregate section there is crane equipment. Crane tracks are located at elevation 5.400 m.

The building has a platform for ventilation equipment located at elevation 3.600 m.

1.2 Production Technology and Emerging Hazards

The work of the enterprise is related to the repair and maintenance of parts and components of car assemblies.

In the room of the unit section, the units are disassembled, parts are defective and repaired. During maintenance, the following process operations take place: washing, which is carried out by a special washing solution in a closed cycle under pressure; elimination of irregularities caused by uneven wear of parts carried out by installations for processing brake discs and drums; disassembling of units takes place on stands.

The mode of operation of the section is quite constant. The parcel space is in category D. The main hazards are oil and fuel vapors, as well as minor dust emissions during grinding and sharpening. Common and local ventilation is used. Local suction is provided from the installation for boring the brake drums and turning the linings of the brake pads and from the accurate grinding machine. The part wash has a built-in suction.

Tire repair section room is intended for repair of car wheel chambers. The process includes the operations of disassembly, removal of tires, detection of the location of holes, repair of chambers (surface cleaning, degreasing, vulcanization), repeated pressure testing, tire assembly. The holes are sealed by vulcanizing crude rubber patches. The work is mainly carried out in permanent places. By fire hazard, the room belongs to category "B." The main hazards are a small amount of gasoline vapors during degreasing, rubber dust during grinding, minor heat and smell during vulcanization. Local suction - uniform suction panel - is provided from the tires repair yard.

Electrolyte is drained in the storage area room, accumulators are disassembled, repaired, fresh electrolyte is prepared, accumulators are charged. Washing of accumulator parts is performed in baths with distilled water. Charging takes place in a special cabinet. Adjacent to the site is an electrolyte room, where distillate is prepared and reagents are stored. The operating mode is fairly uniform. Due to the release of hydrogen vapors during charging, the room belongs to category "A." Air ducts are made in corrosion-resistant design due to high corrosive activity of sulfuric acid vapors. Local suction is provided from the battery charging cabinet, electrolyte baths, reactant racks, electrotigel cabinet, battery disassembly table and battery washing bath.

In the area of fuel equipment repair, disassembly, washing, testing and adjustment of fuel equipment takes place. Dismantling and assembly of gas-balloon vehicles and fuel equipment are carried out at specialized stands. Parts are washed in a special pneumatic installation in an aqueous solution of synthetic (non-toxic) detergent at a temperature of up to 80 ° C. The mode of operation of the section is fairly uniform. Jobs are permanent. Due to the release of fuel vapors, the room belongs to category "A." In the area, a common ventilation device is required and a uniform suction panel is installed from the mop for the repair of carburetors. The washer has a built-in suction.

To charge electric loaders, the enterprise has a specialized area. The space of the site belongs to category "A" due to the release of hydrogen during charging. Loaders are charged at night. Local suction is not required. General exchange ventilation is used.

Compressor rooms house compressors to supply compressed air for process operations and vacuum pumps to pump out gases and vapors. The operating mode of the room is periodic. The main harm is a small amount of heat. Fire hazard category - "D." General ventilation device is required .

The warehouse room is designed to store tires and parts of cars. Parts are stored in oiled paper. Supply and exhaust ventilation is required.

Fundamental and structural solutions for heating and ventilation of premises

To ensure design air exchange and permissible conditions of the internal microclimate, the following heating and ventilation solutions were implemented in the auto enterprise building.

Horizontal bifilar water heating system is used as heating system. It is designed for an internal air temperature of plus 5C and functions as a duty heating system. Internal air temperature plus 10С is provided in the warehouse and ventilation area. The system is connected to heat networks according to a dependent scheme using a mixing pump on a jumper in order to reduce the water temperature in the supply pipeline from 125 ° C to 110 ° C. Smooth pipes are selected as heating fixtures. Pipelines are laid with a slope of 0.003. Heating devices are not provided in the room of the heat unit due to the presence of round-the-clock heat inputs from the equipment .

The inflow of air during the cold and transitional period of the year is carried out mechanically. The design air exchange in the rooms is selected by local suction and the amount of air required for ventilation of the upper zone. In the battery room during working hours there is a general exchange mechanical exhaust. At night, mechanical inflow is supplied to the charging room of electric loaders and to the warehouse.

The rooms of the fuel equipment repair section, accumulator and charging section of electric loaders are combined with separate inflow systems. Valves operating in antiphase are installed in the air ducts of this system. At night, the installation serves only the charging room of electric loaders. In order to create an overpressure in the tambour room, an inflow from this system is provided.

Air ducts are made of galvanized sheet steel. A circular duct has been selected for the P1 system main duct. Branches - rectangular section. Air ducts of P2 system

are rectangular. Air ducts of the P1 system serving the warehouse premises, the aggregate section and the tire repair section are laid at a height of 5 meters from the floor level. Air ducts of the system serving the battery room, the fuel equipment repair area and the room for charging electric loaders are laid under the ventilation site at elevation + 3.000 m .

ABC valves (for rectangular channels) and RSK valves (for round channels) are used to link branches and control flow. RV grilles are used as air distributors. On exhaust air ducts, grids of type P are used. From all rooms, except for the compressor and heat assembly, natural exhaust is organized during the cold period. In a warm period, inflow is provided using window openings together with the use of mechanical common drawing.

To more effectively capture the hazards from technological processes in the building, local sucks are used: uniform suction panels from the table for repair of tires, a table for disassembling batteries, a layout for repairing carburetors, baths for washing batteries; exhaust cabinets are provided from the cabinet for charging accumulators, the cabinet with electric tigels, exhaust umbrellas are provided from the baths for preparing electrolyte and the rack for reagents. Exhaust equipment serving rooms with the release of combustible gases and acid vapors is used in explosion-proof and corrosion-resistant design and is installed in a specially fenced part of the ventilation platform.

6 heating system

6.1 Structural features of heating system

A duty heating system has been designed in the building to maintain air temperature plus 5 ° С during non-working hours. It is carried out by a water horizontal bifilar system with heating devices made of smooth pipes. The system has three horizontal branches .

Conclusion

The course project has developed heating and ventilation systems for an industrial building - an automobile enterprise with an aggregate site. In winter, the thermal mode in the rooms is maintained due to the use of air heating combined with ventilation. During non-working hours, the standby heating system maintains the set minimum internal air temperature in the rooms.

The building ventilation system provides a variable flow rate necessary for ventilation of the warehouse and the charging area of ​ ​ electric loaders at night.

To save thermal energy, it is possible to close the exhaust shafts with valves during off-hours.

Efficiency of energy saving can be improved by application of plenum-exhaust plants with recovery of heat of exhaust air.

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