Heating and ventilation of a closed parking lot in Yaroslavl

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 DESIGN BASIS

1.1 Initial data

1.2 Production Technology and Emerging Hazards

1.3 Design parameters of outdoor air

1.4 Design parameters of internal air

1.5 Proposed Heating and Ventilation Solutions

2 THERMAL MODE OF ROOMS

2.1 Thermal losses of the room

2.2 Heat input to the room

2.3 Thermal balance of closed parking lot

3 AIR MODE OF PREMISES

3.1 Air exchange by hazards

3.1 Local Car Suction

3.3 Required air exchanges of closed parking lot

3.4 Closed Parking Air Balance

3.4 Required air exchanges for non-calculated rooms

4 PRINCIPAL AND STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATION

5 HEATING SYSTEM

5.1 Water heating system

6 AIR DISTRIBUTION IN BUILDING ROOMS

6.1 Air distribution in a closed parking lot

6.2 Air distribution in non-calculated rooms

6.3 Air flow rates of systems

7 AERODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS

7.1 Supply system P

7.2 Exhaust system B

8 SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT FOR PLENUM AND EXHAUST PLANTS

8.1 Selection of plenum units equipment

8.2 Selection of exhaust system equipment

8.3 Calculation and selection of air-heat curtains

9 HEATING SYSTEM FOR VENTILATION PLANT HEATERS

9.1 Design features of heat supply system of calorifers

9.2 Hydraulic calculation of calorifer heat supply system

CONCLUSION

LIST OF LITERATURE USED

Introduction

The problem of exhaust air pollution from vehicles is very noticeable, especially in closed repair boxes of maintenance stations, garages and closed parking lots of vehicles. Therefore, the conditions of the modern car service impose increased requirements for ecology and industrial sanitation, which is reflected in the certification of jobs according to working conditions and subsequent certification for compliance with labor protection requirements.

Undoubtedly, the best method of ventilation is the use of local exhaust ventilation systems, the principle of which is based on the removal of harmful substances directly from the source of their release. Thus, the penetration of harmful substances into the breathing zone of workers is excluded. Due to the processing of small volumes of air with a high concentration of harmful substances, energy consumption is reduced, while the use of equipment of lower power and dimensions sharply reduces the costs of scheduled repair and preventive work.

As you know, general exchange ventilation is more energy-intensive and is not able to completely solve the problem of cleaning the air environment, since it is built on the principle of diluting "dirty" air with an inflow of clean external air.

In the case of car service companies, as well as car parks, the best solution for ensuring comfortable working conditions, maintaining ideal cleanliness and order in garages is exhaust gas removal systems. Such systems allow 100% of exhaust gases to be removed directly from the exhaust pipe of the car, preventing gases and soot from entering the premises.

1 Design Input

1.1 Initial data

The object of the design of heating and ventilation systems is a closed car park located in the city of Yaroslavl. The height of the building is 8.4 meters. The heat supply source is a CHP with coolant parameters of 90 in the supply line, 65 in the return line of the heat networks. Pressure drop in heat networks 40 m.W. The orientation of the main elevation is south.

1.2 Production Technology and Emerging Hazards

Closed parking.

The main industrial hazards are carbon monoxide, lead aerosols, nitrogen oxides and aldehydes in car storage rooms. By fire hazard, the room belongs to category "B."

Welding area.

Welding processes are distinguished by intense heat generation, dust releases leading to high dust content of production premises with toxic low-density dust, and gas releases that negatively affect the working body. Harmful dust emissions include manganese oxides, silicon compounds, chromium compounds, titanium oxide. Harmful gases released during welding include nitrogen oxides (especially nitrogen dioxide), carbon monoxide, ozone, and hydrogen fluoride. By fire hazard, the room belongs to category "D."

Tire repair area.

Tire repair section room is intended for repair of car wheel chambers. The process includes the operations of disassembly, removal of tires, detection of the location of holes, repair of chambers (surface cleaning, degreasing, vulcanization), repeated pressure testing, tire assembly. The holes are sealed by vulcanizing crude rubber patches. The work is mainly carried out in permanent places. By fire hazard, the room belongs to category "B." The main hazards are a small amount of gasoline vapors during degreasing, rubber dust during grinding, minor heat and smell during vulcanization. Local suction - uniform suction panel - is provided from the tires repair yard.

4 fundamental and structural solutions of heating and ventilation

Design solutions for heating and ventilation systems generally correspond to previously assumed solutions. Connection of the heating system to the heating networks is carried out according to a dependent power-free scheme. Coolant temperature in heating system 90-65 ° С. For the water heating system, smooth turbines are selected as local devices. The gate at the entrance to the parking lot is equipped with air curtains .

Three plenum, as well as general and local exhaust systems are provided for the ventilation system. The P1 system performs ventilation combined with air heating for the electrical repair area and impregnation. The P2 system supplies air to the bus repair and welding sections. The P3 system ventilates the closed parking lot. Systems P2 and P3 also carry out air heating of these rooms. Air ducts of systems are made of galvanized steel of round section. Grilles of RV - 1 type are used as air terminals for the systems. The project also provides for the presence of local exhaust systems for more effective removal of hazards.

Air emissions from common exchange systems are carried out at an elevation of two meters above the level of the roof skate. Air from local exhaust systems from the welding area and parking lot is supposed to be removed by flare at an elevation of four meters above the level of the roof skate.

9 heating system of heating heaters of ventilation plants

9.1 Design features of heat supply system of calorifers

Heating of ventilation plant heaters is provided by means of a separate double-tube branch. Pipelines of heat supply system of heaters are made of steel. In the higher points of the system, the installation of flow air collectors is provided. Pipelines are heat insulated with mineral basalt wool 25 mm thick. Mixing units of calorifers binding include shutoff valves, filter, instrumentation, three-way crane with electric drive.

Conclusion

In this course project, a heating and ventilation system of a closed parking lot in Yaroslavl was designed.

The heat engineering calculation of the fences, the calculation of the main heat inputs and heat losses were carried out, on the basis of which a table of the thermal balance was compiled. Calculation of air exchanges was made, table of air balance was compiled. The calculation of the air distribution, the aerodynamic calculation of the plenum and exhaust ventilation systems was also carried out. Thermal and hydraulic calculations of the heating system were made. Selection of main process equipment was made.

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