Four-story residential building for 24 apartments

Introduction

The main purpose of architecture has always been to create the life environment necessary for the existence of a person, the nature and comfort of which was determined by the level of development of society, its culture, and the achievements of science and technology. This life environment, called architecture, is embodied in buildings that have internal space, complexes of buildings and structures that organize external space - streets, squares and cities.

In the modern sense, architecture is the art of designing and building buildings, structures and their complexes. It organizes all life processes. In its emotional impact, architecture is one of the most significant and ancient arts. The power of her artistic images constantly affects a person, because his whole life takes place surrounded by architecture. At the same time, the creation of a production architecture requires a significant amount of public labor and time. Therefore, the requirements for architecture, along with functional expediency, convenience and beauty, include requirements for technical expediency and economy.

In addition to the rational layout of the premises, corresponding to certain functional processes, the convenience of all buildings is ensured by the correct distribution of stairs, elevators, equipment and engineering devices (sanitary appliances, heating, ventilation). Thus, the shape of the building is largely determined by the functional pattern, but at the same time it is built according to the laws of beauty.

Cost reduction in architecture and construction is carried out by rational space-planning solutions of buildings, correct selection of construction and finishing materials, design facilitation, improvement of construction methods. The main economic reserve in urban planning is to increase the efficiency of land use.

General characteristics of the building

The designed building is a four-story residential building with 24 apartments for 24 apartments, the number of floors is four. The building has a rectangular shape in plan, measuring 34.8x10.8 m.

Brick walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete floors were adopted in the building, which corresponds to the II degree of fire resistance and the ¼ I degree of durability. Building Class II. Building layout is sectional. A section is a group of spaces around a vertical link-stair. There are three apartments on each stairwell. The layout of each apartment is made in accordance with the functional diagram of the interconnection of the premises of the apartment.

Space-planning solution of the building

4.1 Building parameters

Space planning solution, based on which a particular composition and size of rooms are applied.

The building is designed with basement:

Floor height 2.8 m.

The height of the entire building is 13.15 m.

- Dimensions in longitudinal axes (1-7) -34.8m, in transverse axes (A-B) - 10.8m.

Architectural - constructive solution

5.1 Structural diagram of the building

Bearing external and internal, longitudinal and transverse walls. Load-bearing walls together with prefabricated reinforced concrete floors form the load-bearing frame of the building, which accepts all loads acting on the building.

Building Finishes

6.1 Exterior Finishes

The facade surface of the walls is lined with selected face brick by the method of decorative masonry. On the front surface of the wall, stamen rows of brick alternate with three unrelated spoon rows. The seams are carefully blistered. Steel elements on the facade, window casts, balcony fences and loggia are painted with oil paint in two times.

The basement of the building is plastered with dark cement mortar.

6.2 Interior Finishes

The walls of residential premises are plastered with cement mortar, darkened with wallpaper.

The walls in the kitchens are plastered with cement mortar. The surface of the working zone of the wall is lined with ceramic glazed tiles to a height of 0.6 m, and the remaining surfaces are painted with adhesive paints. The walls in the bathroom and bathroom are lined with glazed tiles to the entire height of the room. The tiles serve as waterproofing walls necessary due to the high humidity in these rooms and are easily washed, which allows you to observe the hygiene of the bathroom. The floors are also made of ceramic tiles.

Finishing the surfaces of the internal walls of the stairwell consists in plastering them with cement sand mortar, further painting the panels with oil compositions to a height of 1.5 m. The overlying surfaces are painted with adhesive paints.

Windows and doors are painted with whitewashes in two times.

Staircase fences are painted with oil paint in two times.

Ceilings in all rooms are masked, seams are sewn between floor panels and whitewash is performed.

Engineering equipment

The building's engineering equipment includes: water supply, gas supply, sewerage, wiring, heating system, ventilation and low-current networks.

Power supply of the building is carried out from the general power grid. Wiring in the designed building is carried out before plastering the internal walls and partitions and is attached by means of special fasteners to the building structures. If necessary, holes for electric wire are drilled in walls and floors.

The sewerage system of the building is connected to the central city sewerage network.

Water supply is carried out from a common water supply. The water supply is hot and cold. Hot water supply, centralized from the boiler microdistrict. The water supply system is domestic and drinking. The wiring of the water network is dead end.

Gas supply is provided from external gas network. It is led to gas stoves located in the kitchen.

Heating is central. The heating system of the single-tube building consists of pipes and heating batteries through which water circulates. Heating batteries are located in all rooms and run along the exterior wall of the building on all floors.

Ventilation is natural through windows, as well as through ventilation channels located in the kitchen and bathrooms.

Low-current networks of television, Internet and telephone are brought into the building.

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