Engineering improvement of the microdistrict

Contents

Introduction,

1. Territory Engineering Training,

1.1. Vertical layout of the territory of the microdistrict,

1.2. Organization of the terrain of the residential group,

1.3. Calculation of mass haul volumes,

2. Improvement of the residential group,

2.1. Calculation of sites of various purposes, their sizes and principles of placement, characteristics of small architectural forms,

2.2. Calculation of green spaces, selection of assortment, placement principles,

2.3. Design of pedestrian links,

2.4. Selection and justification of coating types, streets, tracks, sites,

2.5. Design of territory lighting,

2.6. Sanitary cleaning measures,

List of literature,

Appendix 1,

Appendix 2,

Introduction

The main task of urban engineering improvement is to increase the standard of living of the population and preserve nature in urban areas.

In the process of designing the general plan of the microdistrict, the requirements in the field of engineering improvement should be taken into account: vertical planning; construction of road and pedestrian roads, parking lots, sports, children's, economic playgrounds; creation of green spaces of various functional purposes; artificial street lighting device.

Elements of engineering improvement should also meet modern architectural and artistic requirements.

The course project "Engineering improvement of the microdistrict" is a further development of the project "Planning and development of the microdistrict."

The project includes a graphic part on two sheets of A1 format and a calculation and explanatory note on 22 sheets of A4 format.

1. Territory Engineering Training

1.1. Vertical layout of the territory of the microdistrict.

The territory of the microdistrict is planned to be single-slope, providing natural drainage of surface water. Design elevations are accepted so that the slope is at least 0.005. The planning of the territory is carried out based on the proposal of the smallest mass haul movement.

1.2. Organization of the terrain of the residential group.

The arrangement of the topography of the residential group is carried out in such a way as to ensure the natural removal of surface water from the territory of the residential group. Water is drained along the surface and with the help of open trays. Water is drained along the surface due to the natural (existing) slope of the relief or in the absence of a sufficient slope of the territory due to an artificially created slope (by filling or cutting off soil sections).

As open trays, trays of the carriageways of highways, main and secondary passages are used.

The organization of drainage from the territory of a residential group should be linked to the drainage system of the microdistrict, that is, it should be resolved comprehensively with mandatory compliance with the condition for its passage through narrow streets and roads, thereby ensuring the removal of most storm drains.

Inner-district driveways and an open network of trays along which water is drained must be coordinated with each other in height and with the marks of city streets.

The design of the vertical layout of the residential group begins with the determination of the elevations of the intersection of main streets. All points of the territory of the residential group should be located above the elevations of the adjacent street trays at the exit points.

Minimum slope of landscaping areas directed towards adjacent internal passages shall be at least 0.005. It can approach the natural terrain and can fall into slopes if this is consistent with the requirements of the architectural solution of this residential group. To protect the foundations from damp, a pavement with a width of 1 m and a slope of 0.05 is arranged along the building.

The main passage is arranged single-slope with a transverse slope of 0.015. Driveways to the buildings are also accepted as single-pitched with a slope of 0.015 from the building. At the point of abutment, the transverse slope of the secondary passage is taken equal to the longitudinal slope of the main passage.

2.2. Calculation of green spaces, selection of assortment, placement principle.

Landscaping of the residential group is taken 6m2 per person (6600 m2).

Landscaping is represented by ordinary planting of trees along driveways, group planting and planting along the perimeter of sites for various purposes. In the house strip there is an open space of lawns with low shrubs. In general, the assortment of green spaces in this residential group is presented in the list of green spaces in the drawing of sheet 2.

2.3. Designing pedestrian links.

Footpaths in a residential group are designed according to the shortest distance between the platforms and sidewalks of driveways. To reduce overheating of the territory of the residential group, the tracks are made of tiles .

The distance of pedestrian approaches from parking lots for temporary storage of cars should be taken, m, no more than:

to the entrances to residential buildings 100

to entrances to places of large trade institutions

and catering 150

to other public service institutions and enterprises

and administrative buildings 250

2.4. Selection and justification of types of pavements of streets, tracks, sites.

The types of pavement of tracks and platforms may vary. For sidewalks, footpaths, sites (on which systematic traffic is not provided, but vehicles with a standard axle load of up to 6 tons can enter), the use of artificial prefabricated coatings, as well as natural coatings, is rational.

For the playground, a good covering is the lawn. Part of the site (2025%) is covered with tiles (so that children can use the site after rain).

Sand coating is used in places where climbing devices and other traumatic places are located.

Adult recreation grounds are covered with tiles laid throughout the site.

The coating of the area for cleaning things is made of tiles, asphalt concrete with a slope of 0.05 for rainwater runoff. Covering with lawn is undesirable.

Waste container sites shall have asphalt or concrete paving with a slope of 0.02 towards the roadway.

Coating designs are shown in sheet drawing 2.

2.5. Design of territory lighting.

Standard lighting lights with a height of 68m are installed along the driveways and entrances to the houses. It is also necessary to illuminate footpaths, children's, sports and other venues. Lighting of the interior of the courtyard is carried out by low lamps - torsches, which in the daytime play the role of small architectural forms. It is possible to select the shape of the lamps depending on the illuminated area, for example, lighting sports grounds using directional lighting on the node sections.

2.6. Sanitary cleanup activities.

To ensure the necessary sanitary cleaning of the yard territory, in addition to the mandatory installation of garbage collection containers, it is necessary to arrange urns for collecting small household garbage evenly throughout the territory. In addition to organizing the work of garbage collection machines, it is necessary to establish appropriate maintenance of the yard by the work of janitors.

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