ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF BUILDING A CREMATORIUM IN OMSK

Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 STUDY OF THE STATE OF THE MARKET OF FUNERAL SERVICES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND FEATURES OF BURIAL IN THE FORM OF CREMATION

1.1 Analysis of the current state of the funeral services market, its structure and main directions for solving problems

1.2 Theoretical features of cremation

1.2.2.Peculiarities of crematoria structure

1.2.2 General Cremation Specification

1.2.3 Cremation Architecture Features

1.3 World practice of cremation

1.3.1 Domestic cremation experience

1.3.2 Foreign cremation experience

1.3.3 Taking into account religious and social factors

2 ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF URBAN PLANNING AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF BURIAL LANDS OF OMSK

2.1 Analysis of the funeral services market in Omsk

2.2 Investigation of existing burial sites in Omsk

2.2.1 Analysis of the state of Mitrofanovsky cemetery

2.2.2 Analysis of the state of Mironositsky cemetery

2.2.3 Analysis of the state of the New Western Cemetery

2.2.4 Analysis of the state of the Akhunsky cemetery

2.2.5 Analysis of the Eastern Cemetery

2.2.6 Analysis of other burial sites

2.2.7. General conclusion on the state of burial sites

2.3 Evaluation of the results of public opinion research on the construction of a crematorium in Omsk

3 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND URBAN PLANNING ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CREMATORIA

3.1 Features and recommendations for the construction of funeral complexes

3.2 Overview of the main design and architectural solutions for construction of crematoria and their characteristics

3.2.1 Design and architectural solutions of Novosibirsk Crematorium

3.2.2 Design and architectural solutions of functional crematorium

3.2.3 Design and architectural solutions of Novokuznetsk crematorium

3.3 Overview of accounting for major errors in crematoria design

3.4 Recommendations for choosing a rational design solution for the crematorium for Omsk

4 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECT FOR PLACEMENT OF CREMATORIUM IN OMSK

4.1 Legal aspects of construction and operation of crematoria in the Russian Federation

4.2 Substantiation of the need to build a crematorium in Omsk

4.3 Economic feasibility of construction of a crematorium in Omsk

4.3.1 Business plan of the project "Construction of a crematorium in Omsk"

4.3.2 Assessment of the profitability of crematorium construction, taking into account possible risks

4.3.3 Assessment of the profitability of crematorium construction, taking into account the optimistic forecast

5 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CREMATORIUM CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

5.1 Organizational basis of urban planning during crematorium construction

5.1.1 Crematorium Site Structure Analysis

5.1.2 Urban and social significance of crematorium

5.1.3. Urban planning and architectural and technical advantages of crematorium construction

5.2 Perspective direction of crematorium operation

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Summary

for a diploma project

On the topic: "ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF BUILDING A CREMATORIUM IN OMSK"

Relevance

With modern indicators of increased mortality, and as a result of the growth of cemetery territories, the importance of the preservation of the land fund increases. The city and the city administration should be very interested in building a crematorium. First, during cremation, the area of ​ ​ already "bloated" city cemeteries does not increase.

Secondly, it will be more economically advisable to cremate than to engage in burial in the land of single old people, unidentified corpses, etc.

Thirdly, the construction of the crematorium is a new round in the development and prosperity of the city, opening up a number of prospects both in the liberation of potential lands intended for cemeteries and in the influence on the funeral culture. And most importantly, cremation is the most civilized and environmentally friendly method of funerals that meets the requirements of time.

The significance of this work is determined by its research nature and orientation towards solving specific problems related to the state of burial sites in Omsk.

Introduction

The graveyard for cities is a very big problem. The allocated land for burials is rapidly ending, and every year it is necessary to expand the territory of cemeteries, or open new ones. In this regard, the funeral business is one of the most profitable, so it is not surprising that the competition in this segment is huge. Most entrepreneurs are interested in organizing traditional funerals. But, in addition to the burial of remains in the ground, the cremation procedure is no less widespread. For example, in the USA and Canada alone, about a thousand crematorias work. In the UK, almost 400 crematorias were built, in the Czech Republic and France - about a hundred (almost one for each city). Among the countries where cremation is preferred to traditional burial, one can name Japan (about 98% of all deceased people cremate), the Czech Republic (95%), the UK (70%), Denmark (68%) and Sweden (65%).

In our country, according to a study conducted by the Orthodox Funeral Center, the percentage of cremation of the total number of burials is about 61% in Moscow and less than 45% in other Russian cities. Currently, there are 16 crematoriums in Russia in 13 cities: in Moscow (Mitinsky, NikoloArkhangelsky, Nosovikhinsky, Khovansky), St. Petersburg, Artyom, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Norilsk, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, has opened in 2011.

The crematorium is a specially equipped building where the dead are burned. As a rule, there are two main rooms in this building: in one, relatives say goodbye to the deceased, and the other is the so-called cremation hall. Special stoves are used as equipment for the cremation hall. refrigerating chamber, where bodies are stored pending cremation, and a cremulator. During cremation, coffins of combustible material are used. In the process of cremation, the temperature inside the print is from 870 to 1090 degrees Celsius. Under the influence of such high temperatures, tissues and bones are destroyed into small fragments, after which they are carefully ground and poured into an urn of wood, ceramics or bronze and transferred to relatives or relatives of the deceased. Sometimes the ashes in the urn are placed in a columbarium, buried in the ground or scattered on a specially designated site for this. This procedure solves a number of problems that exist with the traditional type of burial.

The relevance of this diploma project determines primarily that with modern indicators of increased mortality, and as a result of the growth of cemetery territories, the importance of the preservation of the land fund increases. The city and the city administration should be very interested in building a crematorium.

Firstly, during cremation, the area of ​ ​ already "bloated" city cemeteries does not increase.

Secondly, it will be more economically advisable to cremate than to engage in burial in the land of single old people, unidentified corpses, etc.

Thirdly, the construction of the crematorium is a new round in the development and prosperity of the city, opening up a number of prospects both in the liberation of potential lands intended for cemeteries and in the influence on the funeral culture. And most importantly, cremation is the most civilized and environmentally friendly method of funerals that meets the requirements of time.

The purpose of the project is to conduct comprehensive research in the field of analysis of the ritual services market in Russia and the economic justification of the feasibility of building a crematorium for Omsk .

Project Tasks:

Analysis of foreign and domestic practice of cremation.

Analysis of the state of the funeral services market and the state of burial sites in Omsk

Study of urban planning and architectural solutions on the design features of this project.

Development of proposals and recommendations for the construction of a crematorium in Omsk.

Feasibility study of the investment project for the construction of a crematorium in Omsk.

Conducting detailed examinations to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of building a crematorium in Omsk.

Assessment of the economic and social potential of crematorium construction in the region.

The significance of this project is determined by its research nature, the structuring of disparate material on this issue and the orientation towards solving specific problems related to the preservation of the land fund in Omsk.

Feasibility study of the implementation of the investment project for the placement of crematorium in Omsk

The following materials should be considered as a basis for preparing a business plan with a justification for the need to build a crematorium in a specific region of the Russian Federation. All calculations are supported by the latest data on the state of ritual services and the cemetery economy of the city or region as a whole. The analysis includes materials from publications in open media sources, data from the All-Russian Population Census, the results of sociological studies and surveys of employees of leading funeral firms in Omsk and Russia. All this makes it possible to objectively assess the feasibility of building and operating a crematorium in the region, primarily based on the needs of the population for this type of services.

4.1 Legal aspects of construction and operation of crematoria in the territory of the Russian Federation.

According to experts, the legislation of the Russian Federation on the funeral case and, in particular, on crematoria is extremely imperfect. The existing Federal Law No. 8 "On Burial and Funeral" was adopted in 1995 and, despite numerous changes and amendments, does not contain clear rules and standards for the conduct of funeral activities. The absence in the law of a clear definition of the powers of state (municipal) bodies and economic entities leads to the fact that similar or even the same relations in different regions of the Russian Federation are regulated differently, often on the basis of various local decrees and other by-laws interpreting the provisions of the Federal Law in favor of individual commercial or municipal enterprises.

As a result, the imperfection of federal legislation led to the utmost corruption of the funeral services market and in fact to its transfer to companies closely associated with regional and municipal authorities.

Similar ritual companies - monopolists exist in each region. In Moscow, such a company is the State Unitary Enterprise Ritual, which, with the support of the Moscow government, actually monopolized the capital's funeral services market.

The absence of healthy competition and normal market relations has led to an uncontrolled increase in the price of ritual services and a decrease in their quality. Only in 20102011 years, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia in the 61 region of Russia initiated the initiation of 250 administrative and criminal cases related to violations of antimonopoly laws in the field of funeral services .

To correct this situation, a reform of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the funeral case has been being prepared since October 2010 with the active participation of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia.

During the reform, it is planned to prepare a new version of the Federal Law "On Burial and Funeral Affairs," as well as make fundamental changes to the Land and Urban Planning Codes of the Russian Federation.

Despite the fact that the new Federal Law has not yet been adopted, now, on the basis of published projects and the results of public hearings, we can talk about the main directions of the future reform of the funeral case.

The main goal of the reform is to demonopolize the industry, significantly limit the powers of state (municipal) bodies, legislatively divide their powers and the powers of private commercial enterprises to provide ritual services.

It is planned to leave under the jurisdiction of state (municipal) bodies:

- removal of land plots for cemeteries;

- maintenance of archives on burials and reburials;

- issuance of information on dates and places of burial;

- Regular inventory of burial sites;

- establishment of the operation mode of cemeteries.

All commercial funeral services are transferred to private commercial companies of all forms of ownership without any restrictions. By law, the existence of private cemeteries on plots of land that are leased to commercial enterprises for 49 years is permitted. Any restrictions on the construction and operation of private commercial crematoria are lifted.

In addition, it is planned to introduce fundamentally new provisions on professional funeral ethics for industry workers in the new version of the Federal Law "On Burial and Funeral Affairs," as well as establish a clear procedure for repeated burials

Such serious fundamental changes in federal legislation on the funeral case require serious elaboration, significant changes in the activities of both state (municipal) and private commercial organizations - in fact, a fundamental breakdown of the entire established system of providing ritual services in Russia. In this regard, it is impossible to clearly determine the timing of its completion and the adoption by the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the new law "On burial and funeral." It is hoped that this will be done in 2013 .

We can only say unequivocally that the process of reform of the funeral industry has begun, it is irreversible, the fundamental directions of this reform have been identified and far-sighted entrepreneurs in various regions of the Russian Federation are already investing significant funds in order to take a worthy place in the updated funeral industry in the near future.

So far, until the end of the reform, the procedure for the construction and operation of crematoria in the territory of the Russian Federation and their legal status are determined by the following main documents:

Federal Act No. 131 of 06 October 2003 on the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation stipulates that the organization of ritual services and the maintenance of burial sites relate to issues of local importance of the municipalities of the settlement (art. 14, 1/22), the municipal district (art. 15, 1/17) and the urban district (art. 16, 1/23). That is, the decision to build a crematorium on its territory is made by the corresponding municipality. He has the right to determine the procedure for its further functioning. [2]

Federal Burial and Funeral Act No. 8 of 8 December 1995. Article 24 of the Crematorium states (para. 1) that "crematoriums may be administered by local authorities." Paragraph 2 states that "the procedure for the activities of crematoria shall be determined by the local authorities" [1].

On the one hand, the phrase "may" in article 24, paragraph 1, does not prohibit the establishment of private commercial crematoria. Such private commercial crematoriums are currently created in Moscow, Tula and Chelyabinsk. On the other hand, article 24, paragraph 2, gives local governments extensive powers to monitor the activities of crematoria, which does not allow the crematorium to be considered a completely independent subject of market relations .

GOST 539992010 "National Standard of the Russian Federation" Crematorium Services "(put into effect by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on November 30, 2010). The document provides a detailed classification, list and procedure for the provision of services in crematoria. [45].

SanPiN 2.11.288211 "Hygienic requirements for the placement, arrangement and maintenance of cemeteries, buildings and funeral facilities" (entered into force on June 28, 2011) defines sanitary and hygienic requirements for crematoria, the list and purpose of premises of a typical crematorium building (article V) [44].

SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.120003 "Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities" (the new version was introduced on September 25, 2007) in article 7.1.12. defines the minimum dimensions of the sanitary protection zones of the crematoria. In accordance with this document, a crematorium with a number of furnaces more than one or with furnaces that have more than one chamber is classified as class I and must have a sanitary protection zone of at least 1000 meters. The crematorium without preparatory and ritual processes with one single-chamber furnace is assigned to class II and must have a sanitary protection zone of at least 500 meters. [46].

SNiP 2.07.0189 "Urban planning, planning and development of urban and rural settlements" (introduced on January 01, 1990) in article 5.5. (Table 6) defines for crematorias a distance of 300 meters to the walls of residential buildings, school buildings, preschool and medical institutions. Cemeteries for burial after cremation can be located 100 meters from the above objects. [43].

MDC 1101.2002 "Recommendations on the procedure for the funeral and maintenance of cemeteries in the Russian Federation" of the Gosstroy of Russia (recommended on December 25, 2001). Article 15.2. also recommend the dimensions of the sanitary protection zone of crematoria of at least 1000 meters. In addition, the document contains recommendations on the design of crematorium buildings, their technological and engineering equipment, landscaping of adjacent areas, and the procedure for mourning ceremonies before cremation. [47].

MDS 3110.2004 "Recommendations on the Planning and Maintenance of Buildings, Structures and Complexes for Funeral Purposes" of the Gosstroy of Russia (recommended on January 20, 2004). Recommendations are given on the location of crematorium buildings, layout of its premises, engineering equipment, materials used, ensuring fire and environmental safety. [3].

4.2 Substantiation of the need to build a crematorium in Omsk

Given the increasing shortage of land for construction in large cities of Russia, the issue of reducing the area allocated for urban cemeteries is now acute. This policy of the city authorities to reduce the area of ​ ​ cemeteries leads to a constant increase in prices for plots of land for traditional burials. So, in open Moscow cemeteries, the list cost of space on the newly allotted area is 9,700 rubles, and in closed Moscow cemeteries, the list cost of land for burial is from 500 thousand rubles (Pyatnitskoye, Vostryakovsky cemeteries) to 2 million rubles (Troekurovsky cemetery). On the black market, these prices are even higher.

Conclusion

The problems of increasing the territory of cemeteries, environmental pollution of the soil, as well as the lack of the right to choose the solution that most fully meets the needs of modern man and society, have always remained significant. In modern Russia, these issues are gaining more and more relevance every year. The law "On burial and funeral business" says: Every citizen has the right to choose how to be buried. And to solve this issue, local authorities and authorities are looking for new ways to solve the problems of funeral services .

The relevance of this thesis determines primarily that with modern indicators of increased mortality, and as a result of the growth of cemetery territories, the importance of the preservation of the land fund increases. The city and the city administration should be very interested in building a crematorium. First, during cremation, the area of ​ ​ already "bloated" city cemeteries does not increase. Secondly, it will be more economically feasible to cremate than to engage in burial in the land of single old people, unidentified corpses, etc. Thirdly, the construction of the crematorium is a new round in the development and prosperity of the city, opening up a number of prospects both in the liberation of potential lands intended for cemeteries and in the influence on the funeral culture.

For more than a century, world practice has widely used the highly cultural tradition of farewell to the deceased - cremation, as a way of burial, which is a modern direction in the ecology and economy of funerals. Cremation is a modern way of burying the dead, careful for the environment.