Earthworks

During the construction of any building or structure, as well as the planning and blessing of territories, soil processing is carried out. Soil processing includes the following main processes: soil development, its movement, laying and compaction. These processes are in some cases preceded or accompanied by preparatory and support processes. Preparatory processes are carried out before the beginning of soil development, and auxiliary processes before or during the construction of earthen structures. All this complex of processes is called earthworks. In industrial and civil construction, earthworks are carried out during the construction of trenches of pits, during the construction of a roadbed, as well as the layout of sites. All these earthworks are created by forming excavations in the pound or by erecting an embankment from it. Earthworks are characterized by considerable cost and special labor intensity. So, for example, in industrial construction about 15% of the cost and 18-20% of the labor intensity of the total volume of work. About 10% of the total number of construction workers are employed in earthworks. The minimum cost and labor intensity of earthworks can be provided, firstly, with the minimum design volume of the developed soil and, secondly, with such a sequence of works, when each volume of soil developed in the design excavation immediately fits into the place provided for it in the design embankment, which excludes repeated processing of the same soil object, thirdly, when using the most cost-effective and labor-intensive methods of performing work and mechanizing them. Currently, the soil is processed by a mechanized method using various earth-moving, earth-moving vehicles, hydromechanization devices, drilling, as well as an explosive method.