Direct Combine Exchange Rate Project

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Characteristics of the farm

3. Proposed Work Technology

4. Calculation of Mechanized Works Plan

5. Calculation of TSM requirements and ways of their reduction

6. Development of Operational - Task List

6.1 Initial data and agro-requirements for the performed

operation

6.2 Determination of MTA composition and rational modes

his work

6.3 Preparation of MTA for operation

6.4 Selection and justification of the unit movement method,

kinematic calculation of MTA and field

6.5 Performance indicators of MTA

6.6 Field preparation and organization of MTA operation on the field

6.7 Quality control for performance of process operation

6.8 Occupational safety, environment, and firefighting

measures during process operation

7. Calculation of efficiency of engineering proposals in the project

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

The development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus in the coming years will be carried out in accordance with the State Program for the revival and development of the village for 2005-2010.

It is envisaged to carry out organizational, economic and technical measures aimed at deepening the specialization of production, concentration of funds in priority areas of economy, intensification of agricultural production, reduction of its cost and competitiveness.

By 2010, it is planned to annually produce 8.4 million tons of grain, 9.0 - potatoes, 3.6 - sugar beets, 2.0 million tons. vegetables, 60 thousand tons. flax fiber. To do this, it is necessary to improve crop cultivation technology. Varieties of high productivity (grain yield - 6-7 tons/ha, potatoes - 3540, sugar beets - 4550, flax fiber - 1,51.7t/ha) will be grown. To achieve these goals, consistent intensification and comprehensive mechanization of production are needed. In modern conditions of obtaining agricultural products in the shortest possible time, it is possible to provide using modern machines and equipment, advanced technologies, scientific organization of labor and production. This can be achieved through the introduction of science and best practices, integrated mechanization and automation of production processes.

Comprehensive mechanization provides for the replacement of manual machine labor, the transformation of agricultural labor into a kind of industrial one, the use of a machine system that will ensure the mechanization of all production processes.

The agro-industrial development program provides for an increase in the stock of agricultural production:

improvement of organizational forms and technologies of maintenance, repair and storage of agricultural equipment, careful attitude to it, economical consumption of spare parts, TSM, extension of service life of machines; Establishment of a system of dealerships in each area to service complex agricultural machinery;

the use of reliable technical means to ensure the production processes of crop cultivation, the widespread introduction of combined units in soil preparation and planting;

creation of machine-technological stations and mechanized detachments using high-performance machines for servicing economically weak farms. Technical re-equipment of agricultural production will be carried out mainly through new generation machines. The basis of the machine and tractor fleet should be tractors,

Manufactured software "Minsk Tractor Plant." Class 0.60.9 tractors will make up 1012% of the fleet, class 1.4-4850%, class 2.0 or more - 3840%. This will make more efficient use of the technical capabilities of mechanization tools and significantly reduce fuel consumption. The structure of the grain harvester fleet should comply with scientifically sound standards. As a percentage, the share of combines with a throughput of up to 8 kg/s will be about 4045%, 8-10 kg/s - 4050%, more than 10 kg/s - 510%.

Technical re-equipment of agricultural production will increase labor productivity by 1.5 times, reduce the specific consumption of material and energy resources by 2025%, and annually receive products by 2025% more with the same fuel consumption. Automation and telemechanics are increasingly used in agricultural production. This makes it possible to maintain technological and technical modes of operation and adjustment of units within optimal limits, to create more favorable working conditions for machine operators. With complex automation, all process operations are performed and controlled by units that are equipped with automated control systems.

The use of microprocessor technology and microcomputers in automatic control systems contributes to a significant increase in agricultural productivity. Great opportunities will arise thanks to the creation of robots and robotic systems. The application of modern advanced technology to agricultural production requires the development of a system of organizational, technical and other measures to realize its consumer qualities. The scientific foundations of solving these problems are described in the course "Production operation of the machine and tractor fleet." Specialists with secondary technical education head various production areas in the village. Their knowledge, practical skills and organizational abilities largely depend on solving the tasks that are set for agriculture. Deep knowledge of the basics of intensive technologies used in agricultural production is an important condition for the effective use of modern technology and the production of high yields of crops.

The purpose of the course work is to study the issues of crop cultivation technology, in particular, the introduction of new cultivation technologies, as well as the introduction of new technologies.

General description of OJSC "Rogachevsky agroservice" enterprise

Rogachev MTS, among 20 others, was created on April 10, 1931. Its organizer and first leader was K. M. Drachev. At the first stage, MTS consisted of 6 Fordzon Putilovets tractors, one - KhTZ and tractor plows. Only 35 people worked in MTS. One of the first tractor drivers was F. D. Dubkov. He led the first tractor brigade.

It was time, the production base was strengthened. By 1932, a repair shop was built. MTS by 1934 already consisted of 40 tractors. Throughout the pre-war period, MTS was engaged in the repair of agricultural equipment.

In 1941, the peaceful work of Soviet people was interrupted. Industrial enterprises of the Rogachevsky district were looted, all agricultural equipment was destroyed. In February 1944, Rogachev was released. They began to restore the MTS production buildings, in which there was one Swift turning and screw-cutting machine, one strict-milling and one Neftyanik engine for the power plant.

The second point in the development of the country's agriculture was the September 1953 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which comprehensively discussed the situation in agriculture and decided to send more than 120 thousand specialists to work on collective farms. New forces of specialists joined the Rogachev MTS. P. S. Gaiduk, Chief Engineer -P, was appointed to the post of Director of MTS. I. Golichenko. At this time, the MTS consisted of 15 tractors DT 54, 20 Nati, 12 - KhTZ; 4 - "Universal," 2 - S-80; 2 cars, 16 - combine harvesters. The repair shop was engaged in the repair of tractors of all brands. At MTS, they created the MMKR - an inter-district overhaul workshop. The supply of MTS with spare parts for agricultural machines and materials was carried out by the agricultural snab system of the Ministry of Agriculture; GUTAP supplied tractors and cars with spare parts. By 1956, MTS already consisted of 62 tractors, of which 10 tractor brigades were created.

In 1956-1957 equipment was partially sold to farms. On the basis of MTS, a meadow and peat detachment was created, the head of which was appointed V.F. Polevikov. 1 tractor C - 80 was assigned to the detachment; 1 - marsh cutter; 2 pcs, BDT - 2.2; 1 ditch KN - 1400; 2 swamp-bush plows, 2 self-loading trailers. The detachment harvested peat and performed cultural technical work.

In 1956, the MTS was enlarged and, in accordance with the decision of the February 1958 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, it was reorganized into the RTS, which, under agreements with collective farms and state farms, repairs agricultural equipment and provides services by road. The LSMU service is created to carry out work on the mechanization of labor-intensive processes on livestock farms, work on the extraction, loading and export of peatland, for the material and technical supply of collective farms and state farms,

Speaking about the work of the RTS, one cannot but recall the kind word of E. I. Suschevsky, V. A. Kazenny, E. S. Agranov.

In 1960, the Rogachevskaya RTS was combined with a reclamation station and was called RTMS - a repair and technical reclamation station. Her work was headed by A, S. Lobanok. 5 services were created: a repair shop; logistics base; motor transport service, service for mechanization of labour-intensive processes in animal husbandry; specialized mechanized detachment. The 1960 production plan was successfully completed.

In 1961, RTMS was reorganized into the regional association "Agricultural Equipment," which includes: a general repair shop, a logistics base, vehicles, a specialized mechanized detachment, a linear installation section for the maintenance of livestock equipment.

By 1970, the volume of output amounted to 1656, 5 thousand rubles.; 239 tractors were repaired, mechanized work for 418 thousand rubles was carried out, goods for 6065 thousand rubles were sold, the work of vehicles was estimated at 361, 2 thousand rubles.

In 1973, a service for the maintenance of the machine and tractor park of collective farms and state farms of the district was created by the union of farms. By 1975, the district association provides services to collective farms and state farms of the region for the repair of agricultural machinery, mechanization of labor-intensive processes in livestock breeding and maintenance of farm equipment, export of mineral, lime and organic fertilizers, supplies machines and spare parts.

In August 1978, the Rogachev District Association "Agricultural Equipment" was reorganized into the Rogachev District Production Association for the Production and Technical Support of Agriculture (District Agricultural Equipment), which includes: a repair shop, a car maintenance station, a foundry for the maintenance of livestock equipment, a service for the maintenance of a machine and tractor park, a trading base, a mechanized collective farm, a. Such a structure of rural agricultural equipment remains until 1980. A fairly high material and technical base made it possible to carry out a large amount of work with good quality.

In 1980, 465 people worked in the team. Its core is a party organization of 67 people. The Komsomol organization consists of 70 members of the Komsomol. The successful production activity of the district agricultural equipment team is the result of great organizational work. Here they skillfully use various forms and means of political education of people, mobilizing their forces and creative energy to fulfill economic tasks.

OJSC Rogachev Agroservice was formed in accordance with Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 40 of 23.01.03. g "On improving the management of organizations of the agro-industrial complex." The company was created by transforming KPTUP Rogachev Agroservice in accordance with the legislation on the privatization of state property and the legislation on joint-stock companies and was registered by a decision of the Gomel Oblast Executive Committee from 16.12.03. d. No. 859. Re-registered by decisions of the Gomel Oblast Executive Committee No. 93 of 16.02.04. d and No. 276 of 08.04.04. d in connection with the reorganization by joining Ragochevsnab OJSC and Rogachevagrochimenergoservice.

Registration number (taxpayer's account number) 400010289.

Location of the company:

247672 Republic of Belarus, Gomel region, Rogachev, 65 Pushkin St., tel/fax 34522.

OJSC Rogachev Agroservice in its composition has, in addition to the parent enterprise, a branch of Energoservice, a separate structural unit of the Forest Fairy Tale Health Camp and is the founder of the Rogachevagrokhimservice private unitary enterprise.

Fixed assets as of 1.01.2009 amounted to 2969812 thousand rubles. The number of employees at the enterprise is 155 people. The parent company consists of structural divisions:

- repair production;

-PMK; - transport workshop;

- MTS service.

Repair production consists of: - Agricultural machinery repair shop;

- Mechanical Workshop; - Tractor Maintenance and Repair Station and

cars;

- Non-standard equipment workshop; - Equipment washing area;

- Production warehouse.

Main activities of repair production

Repair

1. Harvesters;

2. Fodder harvesting equipment;

3. MTZ tractors (including energy saturated tractors);

4. Trucks;

5. Tractor and automobile trailers;

6. Repair of organic and mineral fertilizer spreaders;

7. Repair of tillage agricultural machinery;

8. Repair of vacuum pumps of all modifications;

9. Repair of water ring pumps of all modifications;

10. Repair of potato harvester conveyors;

Maintenance

1. Harvesters;

2. MTZ tractors (including energy saturated tractors);

3. Fodder harvesting equipment;

4. Computer diagnostics of tractors and cars;

5. Tire assembly of large-sized machinery;

6. Wheel balancing;

7. Maintenance and repair of trucks and cars;

Production

1. KPK6 cultivators, self-contained feed unit APL-10.5;

2. Grablin to fodder and grain harvesting agricultural machinery;

3. HPR (various sizes and modifications);

4. Transporters IDP, PRT, potato harvesters;

5. Boron reticular CON2.8;

6. Dental harrow ZBS05; ZBSS-1.0;

7. Adaptations to MTZ tractors for manure harvesting;

8. LapaKPTs402;

9. NOZHKRN, KDN2.1;

10. Augers (grain, spike, inclined distributing);

11. Grouse nets;

12. The BH180 water heater (for mobile PDU6 milking machines);

13. Manufacture of steel structures of arched type. Application objectives: cattle maintenance, storage, utility and production facilities.

Provision of services

1. Washing and rinsing of cars of legal entities and individuals, IHT;

2. Disinfection of food organizations transport.

PMK consists of: - Equipment maintenance station

livestock farms;

- Site for repair and installation of livestock farms and grain drying complexes;

- Construction site.

(PMK brigades equipped with mobile workshops, equipped with the necessary tools and equipment) Main activities of PMK

Repair 1. Repair and installation of livestock farms;

Maintenance

1. Equipment of livestock farms;

2. Refrigeration units.

Provision of services

1. Installation of grain drying complexes;

2. Installation of milk wires and water supply systems;

3. Installation of seeker conveyors;

4. Installation of steel structures of arched type.

The motor transport shop consists of:

- Control room;

- Garages;

- Parking area for trailers and agricultural machinery;

- Mechanized detachment;

- Parking for natural and legal persons;

- Penalty parking of traffic police;

- FILLING STATION;

- Site for parking of fuel trucks.

The main activity of the transport workshop is the provision of services for:

1. Transport of goods;

2. Transportation of petroleum products to SEC of the district;

3, Ploughing, cultivation of ground, introduction of mineral and organic

fertilizer in the SGW of the district;

4, Fodder harvesting;

Harvesting of cereals, rapeseed, maize;

Secure parking.

MTS Service Main activity of MTS service - supply, storage and

sales of spare parts.

The term of the Company's activity is not limited.

The sources of the Company's property formation are:

- property, in t, h. Money transferred to the Company by its founder (shareholders);

-production produced by the Company as a result of economic activity;

- income received and other property acquired by the Company on other grounds permitted by law.

The property of the Company belongs to him on the right of ownership.

The Company's authorized fund is RUB 7.734.567.600

Development of Operational Technology Map

Operating technology is a set of agrotechnical, technical, organizational and economic rules for the high-performance use of machine units that ensure high quality of field mechanized work.

Typical operating technologies and rules for mechanized work, as well as republican and zonal rules developed on their basis, are compiled taking into account the achievements of science and best practices in the operation of the ICC.

For specific conditions of collective farms and state farms, operational technologies are developed for certain types of work and work areas and presented in the form of operational technological maps.

As a rule, the operating flow charts include the following sections: working conditions, agrotechnical requirements for the performance of this operation, rational picking and preparation of this operation, rational picking and preparation of the field, operation of the unit on the drive, quality control of the work performed, instructions on health and safety, fire prevention measures.

6.1 Initial data and agro-requirements.

KZR-10 (Direct combine)

Sowing area 105 hectares

The length of the race is 600m

Soil type - lungs

Yield - grains 3.30 t/ha; straw - 3.30 t/ha

Unit speed

Min.- 3.0 km/h (0.8 m/s)

Max.- 8.0 km/h (2.2 m/s)

Agrotechnical requirements for direct harvesting:

Harvesting should be carried out in the optimal time (5... 8 days), since after 5... 6 days grain losses from showering are 5%, after 9... 10 days - 20%, after 15... 20 days - 30%.

The height of the cut, depending on the state of the bakery and the type of harvesting during direct harvesting of pure fields, is up to 15 cm, on high-stem clogged breads - 30. .. 35 cm,

Non-light long-stem winter in order to increase productivity and reduce grain losses, it is allowed to mow on an increased section - 30... 35 cm;

Grain purity in the hopper is not less than 95%;

Maximum allowable losses: seed grain crushing - up to 1%, food and forage - up to 2, grain loss in straw and flooring - up to 1, after the harvest when mowing erect breads - 1, hollow and droopy - 1.5, on selection of rolls - 1, total grain loss during direct harvesting under favorable weather conditions - up to 4, and under adverse weather conditions - up to 6%.

6.3 Preparation of MTA for operation

Preparation of the unit for operation consists in process adjustment of working elements in accordance with operating conditions to avoid possible losses.

1. The height of the cut is set by moving the copying shoes along the corresponding holes in the tip of the reaper.

2. In the cutting apparatus, the knife is aligned, the necessary gaps between the segments and the finger inserts are installed. Clearance between the bottom of the reaper and screw spirals depending on yield is adjusted within the range of 635mm.

3. The quality of threshing and grain cleaning depends on the installed gaps in the threshing device and the number of turns of the drum, the degree of opening of the blinds, as well as the inclination of the grills and extension, on the force of the air flow supplied for cleaning.

6.6 Preparation of field and organization of ATS operation on the field

The arrays for cleaning are prepared on the basis of the general positions of the operating technology and private operating cards taking into account the intended methods of movement of the units. The field is pre-inspected, the obstacles detected are removed, marked with hangers or fenced. Then the field is divided into corners and its boundaries are covered, procos on the turning strip and between corners, if necessary, angular procos and transport highways are made.

For combine harvesting and harvesting machines, the field is broken so that the width of the tin is 5... 8 times less than the length. At the same time, sunbeds with bread lying in one direction are marked so that their long sides are located across the creep of the stem or at an angle of 30... 45 ° to it. Turning strips are provided only in cases when the unit cannot leave the field.

6.7 Quality control for performance of the process operation of the performed operation

During cleaning, monitoring is carried out by a combine harvester, and the receiver by a controller-accountant or agronomist.

Grain losses are necessarily determined for each combine during the first pass on a new site and selectively - for the link 2-3 times during the day.

The quality of the harvest work is evaluated by placing a wire (or wooden) square frame with a size of 0.7x0.7m on the stubble. Free grain, cut and non-cut bars are selected within the frame. The work of the thresher is estimated by the presence of grains not gilded in the bars. If the operation mode of the thresher is correct, the loss should be no more than one grain per 10 bars arbitrarily taken from the straw copna.

If necessary, the collected grains are weighed and the absolute loss per hectare is determined (multiplying the obtained values by 20,000)

6.8 Occupational safety and fire protection measures. Environmental protection.

At least 18 years of age who do not have medical contraindications, know the equipment, operating rules and have passed safety instructions are allowed to work on the combine harvester.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully inspect the machines, make sure that they are serviceable, that there are safety devices and reliable operation of brakes and clutch mechanisms.

It is strictly forbidden to:

Start the combine by towing and rolling from the mountain;

Transfer control to unauthorized persons;

While moving, control the combine standing;

It is located in front of the cutting apparatus during the operation of the combine;

clean the cutting apparatus, conveyor web, screws, sprockets, lubricate bearings and friction units on the move or when the engine is operating;

Climb into the combine bin during unloading and push the grain to the discharge screw with feet, hands or metal objects;

During harvesting, work is not allowed on a tractor, combine harvester and cars in which the exhaust pipes of the engines are not equipped with spark absorbers, as well as on combines not equipped with fire extinguishing equipment.

Ignited fuel and lubricating materials must be extinguished using fire extinguishers and sand.

Smoking on retractable tins is not allowed.

The main environmental pollution factor is the leaks of grease materials and exhaust gases. To eliminate these factors, it is necessary to constantly eliminate leaks of fuel and oil, as well as keep the fuel system in a good and well-adjusted state.

Conclusion

The explanatory note of the course project consists of 7 sections, conclusion, introduction, list of sources used and content.

The first section presents the initial data for this course project.

The second section presents the production and technological characteristics of OJSC Rogachevsky Agroservice in the form of tables with explanations and conclusions.

The third section of the course project describes the list of technological operations for the following crops: spring wheat, corn on silage, annual herbs.

In the fourth part, calculations are underway to draw up a plan for mechanized work. The calculations obtained in this section are entered in the mechanized works plan columns.

Part five identifies the needs of TCMs as well as how to save them.

In the sixth part of the course project we develop an operational technology map.

All necessary data and agrotechnical requirements for the operation are given.

They determined the composition of the MTA and the rational mode of its operation. The initial data for the development of this issue is: the brands of tractors, s/c machines and their number, as well as the traction calculation of the unit.

We describe the preparation of the combine for work. Method of unit movement is selected and justified, as well as kinematic calculation of the unit is performed.

We reviewed the performance of the MTA. They prepared the field and organized work on the field.

They carried out quality control for direct harvesting. We considered the issue of environmental protection, fire prevention measures, as well as labor protection.

The seventh paragraph considers the economic part of the course project, as well as the calculation of the efficiency of engineering solutions.

Based on the above proposed and analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that using this technology for direct harvesting in the composition of KZP10 aggregates, good results can be achieved. Therefore, we propose to introduce this technology into the economy .

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