Diploma Project - Wood Products Workshop

Contents

Contents

1. Architectural and construction part

Space Planning Solution

Constructive solution

Heat Engineering Calculation of Wall Fence

2. Structural part

2.1. Building Design Layout

2.2. Building Cross Frame Layout

2.3. Select Link Schema

2.4.1. Communications by Column

2.4.2. Upper truss belts links

2.4.3. Links on lower truss belts

2.5. Elevation Layout

2.6. Building Cross Frame Calculation

2.7. Collection of loads on the transverse frame

2.7.1. Constant load

2.7.2. Snow load

2.7.3. Crane loads

2.7.4. Wind loads

2.8. Calculation of crane beam

2.8.1. Determination of calculation forces

2.8.2. Select Beam Section

2.8.3. Check of beam strength

2.9. Frame calculation on PC Lyra 9.

2.9.1. Calculation diagram

2.9.2. Loadings

2.9.3. Calculation Results

2.9.4. Results of checking and matching sections of elements of posts and trusses

2.9.5. Checking Material Matching

2.9.6. Explanatory note to calculation

2.9.7. Efforts on the foundation

3. Bases and foundations

3.1. Analysis of site engineering and geological conditions

3.2. Calculation of pile foundations

3.3. Pile foundation calculation for row A column

3.4. Actual load on piles, assignment of vertical and horizontal dimensions of foundation

3.5. Calculation of pile pile as reinforced concrete structure

3.6. Calculation of pile foundation for row B column

3.7. Actual load on piles, assignment of vertical and horizontal dimensions of foundation

3.8. Calculation of pile pile as reinforced concrete structure

4. Procedure of works execution

4.1. Submersion of railway pile by bored-packing method

4.2. Pile Diving Technology

4.3. Pile immersion sequence

4.4. Reinforced concrete piles

4.5. Environmental Protection and Safety with Piling Technology

5. Organization and management of construction

5.1. Subdivision of the main building by gripping

5.2. Determination of nomenclature and scope of construction and installation works

5.3. Selection of the method of work execution

5.4. Selection of a set of machines and mechanisms

5.4.1. Select a set of earthworks

5.4.1.1. Selection of earth-moving machines

5.4.1.2. Choice of cars - dump trucks

5.4.2. Selection of set of machines for installation works

5.4.2.1. Technical and economic comparison of installation mechanization options

5.4.2.2. Selection of lifting mechanisms for installation of structures

5.5.Define duration of works

5.6. Object Construction Plan

5.6.1. Calculation of temporary administrative buildings

5.6.2. Calculation of building materials and structures warehouses

5.6.3. Calculation of temporary water supply

5.6.4. Calculation of temporary power supply

5.6.5. Heat supply of construction site and building

5.6.6. Technical and economic indicators

6. Construction economy

Local Estimate No.

Local cost estimate

Local cost estimate

Local cost estimate

Local cost estimate

Object estimate

Consolidated cost estimate for construction

Contract price

Settlement of contract price

Calculation of the project TEP

7. Occupational safety

7.1. The task of labor protection in construction

7.2. Construction site design and aesthetics

7.3. Analysis of hazardous and harmful production factors at the construction site

to the platform

7.4. Safety precautions for erection of building metal structures

7.5. Roofing Safety

4.4. Reinforced concrete piles

Reinforced concrete piles in cross-sectional shape can be square, rectangular, square with a round cavity, hollow round or tubular with a diameter of up to 800 mm, shell piles with a diameter of more than 800 mm

The most commonly used are solid square-section piles from 20x20 to 40x40 cm long from 3 to 24 m.

Reinforcement with diameter of not less than 12 mm and concrete of class B15 shall be used for pile reinforcement.

If necessary, deep pile foundations shall be connected with individual piles by welding embedded parts, connections with wedge-shaped pins, bolts and cup type.

Reinforced concrete piles are most widespread in construction due to their heavy load capacity, reliability and durability. They can also be used in cases where the base of the foundation lies above the ground water level, when wooden piles are unacceptable.

Reinforced concrete piles make a square or rectangular section. Square, cross-sectional piles are used when they work mainly for compression. If, in addition to compression, a significant bending moment is transmitted to the piles, their cross-section is preferably developed in the direction of action

moment, making it rectangular

The cross-sectional dimensions of reinforced concrete piles used in bridges are from 25X25 to 45X45 cm square and from 25X30 to 45x50 cm rectangular, the diameter of tubular piles is up to 60 cm.

Reinforced concrete piles usually have a length of 6 to 16 m, if necessary, their length can be brought to 2030 m. Concrete piles should not be lower than M300, and pre-stressed at least M400 with frost resistance of at least Mrz200. Square and rectangular-section piles are reinforced with longitudinal rods with diameter of not less than 12 mm and clamps. Longitudinal rods made of smooth or periodic steel profile serve as the main reinforcement, which perceives forces during pile transportation, its driving and subsequent operation in

the base of the structure. The reinforcement of piles can be non-stressed or stressed. The lower end of the pile has a sharpening in which longitudinal reinforcement rods are brought together, welded with a short steel axial rod and brought into an annular race of sheet steel or a pipe section. Pile head that perceives impact or vibration effects of pile-piercing projectile,

reinforced with several rows of rebar grids. Clamps are made in the form of separate rods or from continuous, wrapping longitudinal rods

spiral reinforcement made of steel with diameter of 6-8 mm with pitch of about 5 cm at the ends of the pile and 1020 cm within its middle part. Clamps are not less than 3 cm apart from concrete surface (protective layer). At least three longitudinal rods are installed along each face of the pile, embracing them with clamps or

spiral reinforcement. If the distance in the light between the longitudinal rods is more than two of their diameters, then each of them must be held by a clamp or brace. Two reinforcement sling loops shall be used for lifting during transportation and installation in the pile. Usually, the loops are located at distances of 0.2 from the ends of the pile (where is the length of the pile); then bending moments in the pile when it rises beyond

both loops are minimal.

4.5. Environmental Protection and Safety in Technology

Before the start of earthworks, the construction organization project develops solutions for nature protection in accordance with the current legislation, standards and documents governing the rational use and protection of natural resources. The fertile (vegetal) layer of soil in the base of the embankments and in the area occupied by various excavations must be removed before the main earthworks begin. The dimensions of the layer removal are established by the construction organization project. Removed soil is moved to the dump for its use during reclamation or increase of fertility of low-productive lands. You can not remove the vegetation layer:

if the thickness of the vegetable layer is less than 10 cm;

in swamps, wetlands and watered areas;

on soils with low fertility;

when developing trenches with a surface width of 1 m or less.

The necessity of removal and thickness of the layer are established taking into account the level of fertility, the natural zone in accordance with the current standards. In this case, it should be taken into account that the removal of the vegetable layer should be carried out when the soil is in a non-permafrost state. Methods of soil storage and protection against erosion, flooding, pollution are established in the construction organization project. It is unacceptable to use a vegetation layer for the construction of bridges, backfills and other permanent and temporary earthworks.

Green spaces - trees, decorative shrubs, terrain, which is an exotic identity, should be protected and preserved as much as possible. If archaeological and paleontological objects are discovered during earthworks, then the work should be suspended and reported to local authorities. To protect soils from freezing, the use of fast-hardening foam is not allowed: on the catchment area of ​ ​ an open water supply source within the sanitary protection zone of water pipelines and water sources;

within the area of sanitary protection of underground centralized domestic and drinking water pipelines;

in areas upstream of the subterranean stream in areas where groundwater is used for drinking purposes;

on arable land and aft lands.

Excavation in floodplains to be flooded, discharge of water after flushing, underwater earthworks are carried out according to a project agreed with state water management and health institutions, and in reservoirs of importance - with fisheries, in marine waters - with hydrometeorological service (institution). During dredging or flushing of underwater dumps in reservoirs of fishery value, the total concentration of mechanical suspensions shall be within the limits of the norms,

Established by State fisheries management agencies.

Soil flushing from the decks of groundwater vessels is allowed only in the area of the underwater dump. The terms of production and methods of underwater earthworks should be assigned taking into account the environmental situation and natural biological rhythms (spawning, fish migration, etc.) in the area of ​ ​ work.

Safety precautions

When excavating in places where existing underground communications can be located, it is necessary to strictly

Comply with the work requirements set by their owners.

During the development of pits by drilling cranes, the descent of workers into them is not allowed. When drilling with drill crane machines, it is not allowed to approach the rotating drill at a distance of less than 1 m. It is also forbidden to discard soil from the edge of the pit when the drill rod is rotating and clean the drill head when the drill crane machine engine is operating.

Pits dug near the places of passage of people should be fenced or covered with shields with warning posters, and at night - lit lanterns. When digging pits on steep slopes in populated areas, measures should be taken against falling and rolling stones. When the smell of gas appears, excavation must be stopped immediately, and their places -

fenced and marked with pointers. When arranging foundations for supports, lifting mechanisms should be installed at a distance of at least 11.5 m from the edge of the pit, depending on the density of the soil and the depth of development. To lower

footings in the pits should be carefully, without touching the walls. It is forbidden to be in pits. When working with lifting and traction mechanisms and accessories, their serviceability, as well as reliability of anchors for bracing, shall be checked in advance. Mechanisms and accessories tested within the prescribed time limits may be approved for operation. All mechanisms and accessories shall have a load limit and a test period. Weight of lifted loads and traction forces on cables shall not exceed permissible ones. Prior to commencement of work, the knowledge of the signals by all members of the team, including the personnel serving the mechanisms, shall be checked. During loading and unloading works the place of cargo lifting and transportation works shall be illuminated in accordance with the norms. All chalking and gripping devices shall be tested and marked or tagged with the test period and maximum carrying capacity.

Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations shall have the appropriate certificates. Works related to loading and unloading of reinforced concrete and metal structures (pillars, supports,

footwear), performed under the guidance of a foreman, master or experienced foreman. Previously, the foreman (master or foreman) must conduct a detailed safety instruction. Slinging of long and heavy loads is performed in accordance with the diagram issued by

rigger and crane operator. Before lowering the load it is necessary to inspect the place of unloading and make sure that it is impossible to drop, slide or roll over the load during installation.

5. Organization and management of construction

The designed rolling mill building is located on the territory of the design and currently under construction Kaluga Electrometallurgical Plant.

The development of the project is carried out on the organization and planning of construction production at the stages of the construction organization project and the work execution project. The decisions taken are aimed at reducing the length of construction; reduction of labor intensity, material capacity and cost of construction and installation works; increased productivity; Resource management and environmental protection.

In accordance with the assignment for the training diploma project, only the stage of the Work Execution Project (PDP) is considered in this part.

Elements of the Work Execution Project (WP)

5.1. Split the main building into grabs.

The building is divided into grips depending on the structural and volumetric layout of the building, the sequence of delivery of parts of the building for installation of process equipment.

See sheet 9 for gripping diagrams of the construction site.

5.3. Selection of the method of work execution.

Selection of the method of work execution is made taking into account their scope, set terms of commissioning of the construction facility, the possibility of using certain mechanisms, labor intensity and cost of work, the possibility of their in-line organization.

The in-line method will be called such a method of organizing work, in which permanent crews equipped with special machines and mechanisms perform sequentially the same work on different grips, while the work of different crews is maximally combined with time.

The organization of the in-line method of construction at the site is carried out as follows:

1. The entire work front is divided into separate sections or grabs with approximately the same construction.

2. The complex production process is broken down into simple operations and assigned to individual teams or links.

3. Brigades or links move evenly along the front of the work and move from capture to capture.

4. The first team begins technological processes all the time, and the last one completes.

5.4. Selection of a set of machines and mechanisms.

5.4.1. Select a set of earthworks.

The set of machines and mechanisms for earthworks is determined by the scope and nature of earthworks, the terms of their execution, the size of the earthwork, the group of soils, the cost of work, etc. Taking this into account, the name, grades and the required number of machines for earthworks, grades and numbers of dump trucks for soil transportation are determined.

5.4.1.1. The choice of earth-moving machines.

We take bulldozers:

DZ-17, base machine T100, engine power 79kW;

DZ-104, base machine T4A, engine power 96 kW.

We accept TE-ZM reverse shovel excavator:

ladle capacity 0.65 m3;

the greatest digging depth of the pit is 9 m;

engine power 80 kW.

5.5.Define the duration of works.

To determine the duration of construction and installation works, a work master record is developed, which is the main document for the development of the construction network. Labor intensity, machine capacity and duration of works are determined on the basis of DBN D.2.299 "Resource element estimated norms."

All mechanized work performed using large construction machines is usually carried out in two shifts. An exception may be the small machine capacity of the process.

Depending on the type of work, the requirements of the technology of their execution and the duration of construction, the replacement of other work can be adopted equal to 2 or 1.

When determining the duration of individual construction processes, mechanized and non-mechanized processes are distinguished.

Design capacity and machine capacity of works shall be equal or less than standard.

Work master record is given in Appendix (Table 2).