Diploma project "Kindergarten for 180 places in Abinsk"

Contents

Contents

List of graphic document sheets

Introduction

1. Process Part

1.1 Climatological data

1.2 Heat Engineering Calculation

1.2.1 Determination of heat transfer coefficient and resistance

1.2.2 Calculation of enclosing structures

1.3 Determination of heating system thermal power

1.3.1 Main Heat Loss

1.3.2 Additional heat loss

1.3.3 Heat loss for heating of infiltrating outdoor air

1.4 Hydraulic calculation of heating system

1.5 Thermal calculation of heating devices

1.6 Calculation and organization of air exchange

1.6.1 Characteristics of the calculation room

1.6.2 Determination of heat emissions, water vapors, harmful substances

1.6.3 Selection of design temperatures of supply and removed air

1.6.4 Definition of air exchange for the design room

1.6.5 Definition of air exchange for other rooms

1.7 Selection and calculation of air distribution systems

1.7.1 Selection of supply air supply circuit

1.7.2 Maximum permissible jet parameters

1.7.3 Selection of air terminal type and quantity

1.7.4 Refine the design diagram of the jet

1.8 Design of ventilation systems

1.8.1 Selection and placement of plenum and exhaust chambers

1.8.2 Air ducts, shafts

1.9 Aerodynamic calculation of ventilation system

1.9.1 Aerodynamic calculation of the plenum system

1.10 Equipment Selection

2. Automation

2.1 Automation of the plenum chamber

2.2 Structural diagram of automation

3. Economic part

3.1 Determination of estimated cost for heating system installation

3.2 Calculation of cost of heating system services

3.3 Technical and economic evaluation of design solutions

3.4 Determination of contract price for construction products

3.5 Determination of cost of construction and installation works

3.6 Formation of financial results

3.7 Calculation of profitability

3.8 Technical and economic indicators of the project

4. Safety of life

4.1 Characteristics of the object

4.2 Hazardous and harmful factors

4.3 Microclimate

5 Environmental management and protection

List of used literature

Paper

The project of heating and ventilation of children's preschool institution No. 2 for 180 places of the planning district "Rainbow" in Abinsk was carried out on the basis of architectural and construction drawings and current regulatory documents:

- SNiP 41012003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning";

- SNiP 2.08.0289 * "Public buildings and structures";

- SNiP 23022003 "Thermal protection of buildings";

- SNiP 230199 * "Construction climatology";

SanPin 2.4.1.124903 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the structure, maintenance and organization of the operation regime of preschool educational institutions."

The estimated outside air temperature for designing heating and ventilation in the winter period of the year is taken to be minus 19 ° C (the temperature of the coldest five-day coverage is 0.92 according to SNiP 230199 * "Construction climatology"), in the summer period - plus 35 ° C.

The design temperature of the internal air is accepted according to SanPin 2.4.1.124903.

The heat supply source of kindergarten No. 2 is the heat networks of the Rainbow planning district. Coolant - water with parameters of 90/70 ° С.

The building is two-story, having a complex configuration in plan, with a floor of the technical floor.

The heating system is adopted double-tube vertical with lower mains wiring, dead end.

Heating heat consumption 174107 W. Cast iron section radiators MS 140 are used as heating devices.

Heating system pipelines are made of water and gas pipes GOST 326275 *.

In the kindergarten building, plenum ventilation is provided with mechanical motive from the catering unit, medical unit and vicious premises. In the remaining rooms, ventilation with a natural impulse is provided. Air exchanges in the rooms are designed according to the ratios according to SanPin 2.4.1.124903.

Air ducts are made of thin-sheet galvanized steel.

Install heating and ventilation systems as per SNiP 3.05.0185 and GOST 12.4.02175 *.

Perform supports, attachment units of pipes and instruments as per typical drawings of 5.9007 series.

In the environmental management and environmental protection section, the acoustic calculation of the P1 plenum plant was made. Sound pressure levels for eight octave frequencies are calculated. As a result of the calculation, it was revealed that the installation of a silencer is required .

In the economic part of the project, two options for installing heating devices were compared: convectors and radiators. As a result of the comparison of the above costs of the two options, it was revealed that the installation of radiators is more economically feasible.

The section on safety of vital activity considers dangerous factors that have a harmful effect on a person, describes possible methods of combating them. As an emergency, a fire is considered. Particular attention is paid to the causes of its occurrence and methods of combating it.

Introduction

The purpose of this diploma project is to calculate and design heating and ventilation systems of children's preschool institution No. 2 for 180 places of the planning district "Rainbow" in Abinsk so that permissible conditions for people to stay in the premises are met and the necessary parameters of internal air in the room (humidity, mobility, temperature) provided for by regulatory documents are observed

The explanatory note is a material presented in the form of text, tables, figures. The graphic part is presented on 6 sheets, which clearly depict the decisions taken on the organization of heating and ventilation systems.

Calculation and organization of air exchange

1.6.1 Characteristics of the calculation room

For the design room, room No. 170 is accepted - ironing. The height of the room is 3.3 m, the area is 16 m2, the volume is 52.80 m3. The room employs 4 people (women), there is equipment - ironing irons (4 pcs) with a power of 0.5 kW each.

Selection and calculation of air distribution systems

The considered regularities of plenum jets allow to organize optimal distribution of plenum air, in which permissible parameters of the air medium and efficient use of plenum air are provided. The calculation allows you to determine which area of ​ ​ the room (upper or working) it is advisable to remove contaminated air. The latter may entail the need to clarify the supply air flow required for ventilation of the room.

The initial data obtained during the calculation of air exchange in the room are used:

1. category of work severity - light;

2. Diagram of air exchange organization - top-down;

3. room height - 3.3 m; room dimensions - 6.7 × 2.9 m;

4. supply air flow - Lin = 480 m3/h = 0.13 m3/s;

5. supply air temperature - tin = 15 ° С;

6. rated allowable air temperature in the working area - twz = 18 ° C;

7. normalized air velocity in the working zone - Vwz = 0.2 m/s.

Design of ventilation systems

1.8.1 Selection and placement of plenum and exhaust chambers

In the kindergarten building, plenum ventilation is provided with mechanical motive from the catering unit, medical unit and vicious premises. In the remaining rooms, ventilation with a natural impulse is provided. Exhaust is carried out through ventilation valves in brick walls, inflow - through plenum valves in windows. Heat for heating of outdoor air supplied during cold periods is taken into account in the calculation of heat loss of rooms.

The ventilation equipment is Veza. Plenum unit P1 (located in the ventilation chamber in the basement) serves the premises of the laundry, catering unit and medical unit. The project provides for three independent exhaust mechanical ventilation systems: B1 (located on the roof) removes air from the catering unit, B2 (suspended installation in the room for receiving dirty linen) - from the rubbing rooms, B3 (suspended installation in the corridor honey. block) - from the medical block. Channel fans are installed in toilet rooms to increase traction.

At crossing of air ducts of building structures with rated fire resistance limits fire-retardant valves of KPU1M company "Veza" are installed.

1.8.2. Ducts, shafts

Air supply by plenum ventilation systems is provided in the premises of permanent stay of people. It is allowed to design air supply to corridors in order to maintain air balance. Air distributors of plenum and grille of exhaust systems are selected by air speed in them not more than 3 m/s, based on the requirement of non-amplification of aerodynamic noise.

In public buildings, based on the requirements for the interior, the use of rectangular air ducts is allowed. Ducts are routed along the walls of corridors or auxiliary spaces. Horizontal supply and exhaust air ducts are located under each other. Air terminals of FR type and exhaust grids should be installed directly on the wall or on the end face of the air duct (outlet, tee) "flush" with the wall surface.

Contaminated air removed by exhaust ventilation systems shall be discharged above the building. For this purpose, exhaust shafts are used. They are located above the roof skate at least 0.5 m when the shaft is located horizontally to 1.5 m from the skate. Umbrellas are installed at the mines to prevent atmospheric moisture from entering the mine. In the ventilation system of bathrooms, the construction of umbrellas is prohibited.

Selection of ventilation equipment

When selecting ventilation equipment of the plenum system P1, we use the program of ACLIMA, for exhaust systems B1, B2, B3 we use the program of Veza Kckpmn _ 2010 _ 01; when selecting channel fans of exhaust systems B4, B5, B6, B7, we use catalogs from Ostberg.

The initial data for selection were:

- ambient air temperature;

- supply air temperature;

- required air flow rate of the system;

- coolant temperature for the heater (coolant-water with parameters 9070 ° С).

Technical characteristics of the equipment of plenum and exhaust ventilation systems are given in Appendix 3 and 4.

Automation

Automation is a branch of science and technology that operates by methods and means that release a person from direct control of production.

Automation has four sections:

- automatic monitoring - is engaged in measurement, recording, integration (summation by time) of process parameters;

- automatic control - performs remote control (i.e. at a distance) rearrangement of process system control bodies according to the command of maintenance personnel or according to the control program; disconnects installations operating in emergency mode, includes backup installations;

- automatic control - a system for maintaining process parameters according to the given law of its change in time and regardless of the load on the process system;

- Telemechanics - by means to which a large amount of information and signals can be transmitted over a limited number of communication lines.

Automation is the process of introducing automation into the technological system, that is, transferring process control from manual to automatic.

There are three levels of automation:

- partial - only part of the process system is automated, for example, one unit;

- complex - all components of the process system are equipped with automation tools, but the optimal operating mode of the system is chosen by the person - operator, dispatcher;

- full - the process system is fully automated and chooses the optimal mode of operation on its own, by collecting and analyzing its technological parameters.

2.1 Automation of the plenum chamber

Automatic control of the plenum chamber is carried out according to the functional diagram as follows.

Actuation and deactivation of the plenum chamber is performed by the button located on the control panel. In the cold period of the year, before starting the fan, the electric motor is turned on from the button to heat the outdoor air valve. When the fan is switched on, the motor for heating the outdoor air valve is automatically switched off, the actuator of the outdoor air valve is turned on, the damper is opened, the required amount of air is supplied to the serviced room. When the fan is in operation, the supply air temperature control system is automatically activated. At air fall of temperature indoors on 0.5 wasps the impulse of the sensor of a semiconductor temperature regulator arrives on the valve actuator, the valve opens, the heat carrier expense in heaters increases. When the temperature rises by 0.5 ° C in a similar manner, the semiconductor temperature controller sensor covers the valve.

When the fan is disconnected, the valve closes, the supply air control system is disconnected.

At low ambient temperatures, there is a danger of freezing the heater section. At the idle inlet camera in case of decrease in air temperature before calorifer section on 0.5 wasps the impulse of the sensor of temperature opens the control valve increasing a heat carrier expense in heaters, and is covered at temperature increase on 0.5 wasps.

To prevent the heater from freezing at the moment of starting the plenum ventilation system, it is provided to pre-open the valve on the coolant and warm it up until the outdoor air valve opens and the fan is turned on. At decrease in temperature of the heat carrier in the return pipeline lower than 30 wasps on 1.5 wasps the impulse of the sensor of temperature arrives on the valve actuator, the valve opens, the heat carrier expense in heaters increases.

Signals about the threat of freezing of the heater section and about the fan accident come to the dispatcher's board and are signaled by lamps.

2.2 Structural diagram of automation

The structural diagram provides for the joint operation of supply and exhaust systems. The structure diagram shows internal and external relationships. Internal communications - communications between equipment of the same system, external communications - between equipment of different systems and technologies.

Automation of systems is carried out at the moment of switching on and off the systems. After the exhaust system is switched on after five minutes, the plenum system is turned on. This is done to remove harmful substances accumulated in the room after working hours. After turning off the plenum system after five minutes, the exhaust system is automatically turned off to remove residual harmful substances.

Economic part

Economic calculations are now an integral part of any management process.

The project gives an economic assessment of all stages of the investment cycle: from deciding on the advisability of construction, choosing the option to fulfill the task set to distributing the profit resulting from the project.

The choice of one or another design solution is a multifactorial task. In all cases, there are a large number of possible solutions to the problem, since any heating system characterizes many variables (a set of system equipment, its various parameters, pipe sections, materials from which they are made, etc.). The options to be compared should be comparable in terms of cost calculation methods, cost range, price level, territorial affiliation, construction duration, etc. Feasibility comparisons should be made from the beginning of the design of heating systems.

This economic part of the diploma project provides for the installation of heating systems. The initial data for the design are working drawings, technical design, regulatory estimates. The purpose of the calculations is to identify the most economically profitable option, as well as to determine financial indicators, technical and economic indicators.

This project compares the heating system with various heating devices:

- 1 variant - convectors with temperature regulator (Local estimate No. 1, attachment 1);

- option 2 - MS140 (Local estimate No. 2, Appendix 2).

Environmental management and protection

In this section acoustic calculation of plenum unit P1 is performed and calculation of silencer is performed.

The main source of noise in ventilation installations is a fan. Aerodynamic noise is predominant. As it moves away from the fan, the noise intensity decreases due to attenuation in the ducts.

Noise propagates through ventilation channels, both from the suction side of the fan and from the discharge side. As it moves away from the fan, the noise intensity decreases due to attenuation in the ducts. At air speeds above the permissible installation elements (air outlet and air intake devices, taps and throttle valves) can become an additional source of noise.

The objective of the acoustic calculation of the ventilation plant is to determine:

- sound power level (USM) of the fan;

- reduction of UZM in ventilation network elements in sections from the fan to the nearest ventilated room with normalized UZM;

- required reduction of UZM in the noise absorber;

- dimensions of the silencer.

Full acoustic calculation is performed for eight octave frequencies (63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz) according to the requirements of [7, 8].

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