Diploma project - 5-6 storey residential building

Introduction

This section considers the economic part of the project of a multi-storey residential building on the street. Buinskaya for zero-cycle work (pit development, foundation arrangement) and work on the construction of the above-ground part of the building.

In this work are given:

specification of prefabricated elements, which indicates the names of prefabricated elements, the reference to the series, their total number, weight, volume (for reinforced concrete elements), as well as the sketch of the element ;

Bill of quantities, which contains the names of the works, their scope, and the GESN code;

local resource list, which includes the volumes of the same work, and the cost of material and labor resources for these types of work;

Local cost estimates that convert labour and material costs to the monetary equivalent of the base price level and convert them to the current price level by accounting for overhead costs and estimated profits;

contract price, which determines the final valuation of construction and installation works, process equipment and equipment, as well as other expenses in the price level for 2001, and their transfer to the current price level by entering coefficients.

The local resource list and the local resource estimate were made for the production of earth works, the construction of foundations, stone and installation works, as well as for the construction of floors and the construction of roofs .

A voluminous planning solution.

When planning the solution of apartments, special attention is paid to the principle of functional zoning of premises: dividing the apartment into a common area (a block of rooms - a common room, a front room, a kitchen, a bathroom equipped with a bathroom, a toilet) and a sleeping room area. At the same time, common rooms are located at the entrance to the apartment, and bedrooms in its depth.

When designing a residential cell, it was meant that the life of the family was considered as a single system of processes, organized in a certain way.

Also considering the problem of settling the house at the macro level, that is, people of various age groups, as well as various in material situation, it was decided to conditionally divide the living space of the building into 2 zones - for people of the older generation and the middle material situation - the first floor, which is characterized by a more dense placement of residents (in view of the smaller living space per apartment), which makes these apartments more affordable; the remaining floors are less densely populated and are aimed at a potential buyer from the richer segments of the population.

The residential building is divided into 4 sections. In the building: on the 1st floor - 8 apartments in the ordinary section, 10 apartments in the turning section, 4 apartments in the end section; on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th floor and attic floor - 6 apartments in the ordinary section, 8 apartments in the rotary section, 3 apartments in the end section; on the attic floor of the turning section - 2 apartments; all apartments on each floor are united by a stairwell and a corridor. Entrances from it are provided in all apartments. Apartments are oriented to the favorable side of the horizon.

The design of apartment buildings is aimed at improving the functional properties of the dwelling, the moral durability of planning solutions, the aesthetic appearance of the building.

A special place is occupied in this process by taking into account local natural, climatic and demographic conditions. Climatic conditions have a significant impact on the layout and development of residential education.

According to the planning structure, the house belongs to sectional. Loggia are provided in the house. An important factor in the architectural and planning solution of the building, affecting its insolation and ventilation, is the size of double-glazed windows and the design of window blocks. Norms limit the opening capacity of external walls from 1/8 to 1/5 of the floor area of ​ ​ the illuminated rooms. The building contains voluminous glass-transparent structures that actively affect the composition of the facades, and their different placement and grouping on the facade allows you to change the scale and rhythm of its architectural composition. The use of loggia creates a wealth of lightning.

A distinctive feature of the building is the presence of an attic floor. The mansard increases the residential exploited space of the building and adds diversity in the internal layout of apartments, thereby making the apartments of the mansard floor different in internal setting from typical apartments on the lower floors of the building.

Another distinctive feature of the building is the presence of sections of variable storeys. So, the ordinary section has a height of 5 floors, and the rotary section has 6 floors. Such a solution makes a significant addition to the architectural appearance of the building, improving its appearance.

Constructive solution at home.

Structural elements - parts of the building that have a specific purpose and determine the structure of the building (foundation, walls, floors, stairs, partitions, floors, roof, windows, doors, etc.)

By purpose, all structural elements are divided into structural (foundations, walls, floors) and enclosing (internal walls, coverings, floors, partitions, doors), and some of them perform both functions.

Foundations - underground parts of the building, which take all the load from the building and external forces, transfer all the load from the building and external forces, transfer pressure to the ground.

Walls are vertical structures that perform a guarding function.

Floors - in the form of floorings, panels per room, laid close and connected by filling the gaps between them with cement mortar and anchors. The absence of joints in the floor panels within the room increases sound insulation.

The remaining structures of the residential building (stairs, partitions, elevator shafts) are prefabricated from unified products.

The roof is an external structure that performs a complex of load-bearing and enclosing functions in the building. Roof is made of galvanized sheets. Heat insulation from mineral wool plates in polyethylene package is arranged in roof space. Vapour insulation is made of foil isol.

The main load-bearing structures of the building, including foundations, floor walls, which perceive and transmit all loads, are included in the joint work, constituting a single spatial system - the load-bearing structure of the building.

Bases

A ribbon foundation was designed for a residential building from voluminous reinforced concrete blocks (GOST 1357978 concrete blocks for basement walls) installed on reinforced concrete cushions (GOST 1358085 reinforced concrete tape foundation slabs), under which sand preparation was carried out.

The main advantage of the tape foundation is:

- relatively small labour intensity of foundation arrangement and, as a consequence, short duration of zero-cycle works;

- high technological effectiveness of communication with the use of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation blocks and slabs;

- Relatively low cost of construction materials;

The negative side of the prefabricated tape foundation is the labor-intensive process of the construction of monolithic sections.

Exterior walls.

The exterior walls of the building are multi-layered. The first layer - the bearing layer is made of silicate brick, the second layer is not intended to withstand loads, it performs a heat-insulating function (the insulation is made of foam plates wrapped in polyethylene film). The third layer - protective is made of ceramic facing bricks.

Floors and coverings.

Floors and coverings are designed from typical prefabricated hollow reinforced concrete slabs. The use of prefabricated slabs and coatings increases the construction speed of buildings.

Also in the project, in order to facilitate work at the stage of erection of reinforced concrete structures, the number of standard sizes of the main floor slabs has been reduced to a minimum, that is, when arranging floors directly above the apartments, only two types of floor slabs with a span of 6300 mm are used. and 7200 mm.

Doors.

In this diploma project, door sizes are accepted according to GOST doors, both internal inside apartments and external reinforced ones. To ensure quick evacuation, all doors open outside in the direction of movement of people from the building in case of fire. Door boxes are fixed in openings to antiseptic wooden plugs embedded in masonry during the construction of walls. For external wooden doors and on staircases in the vestibule - boxes are arranged with rapids, and for internal doors - without a threshold. Door webs are hung on hinges (canopies), allowing to remove open door webs from hinges - for repair or replacement of door webs. To avoid opening the door or flapping, special spring devices are installed that keep the door closed and smoothly return the door to a closed state without impact.

Floors.

Floors in residential and public buildings must meet the requirements of strength, resistance to wear, sufficient elasticity, noiselessness, convenience of cleaning. The floor structure is considered as the soundproofing ability of the floor structure plus the soundproofing of the floor structure. Flooring in apartments is made of linoleum (in rooms,) and PVC tiles (in the kitchen and in the corridor) on a heat-insulating base. The positive aspects of these sexes are their hygienicity and noiselessness. Flooring in bathrooms and bathrooms is made of ceramic tiles on cement-sand leveling layer by layer of waterproofing.

Floor covering on staircases and in corridors is made of reinforced concrete facing slabs along leveling layer.

Finishing.

Exterior decoration: the basement is plastered "under the fur coat" according to the reinforcement grid and painted with water emulsion paint in gray. Wall decoration - from facing red brick. Window and door blocks are painted with oil paints or warm tone enamels.

Interior decoration: in apartments, walls are glued with wallpaper after plastering brick walls with lime mortar. Kitchens are glued with washable wallpaper, and sections of walls above sanitary appliances are lined with glazed tiles. In sankabins floors made of ceramic tiles. The walls are shallow and a panel of oil or enamel paints is arranged.

General characteristic.

The site for construction is accepted conditionally horizontal, elevation ± 0.000 at the level ± 193.000 m above sea level.

The estimated air temperature of the coldest five-day period is 31 ° С.

The degree of aggressiveness of the environment is non-aggressive .

Geotechnical conditions are normal.

The degree of capital (class) of the building is grade II.

Degree of fire resistance - II degree.

The project provides for the availability of the following types of engineering equipment: water supply, power supply, lighting, ventilation shafts, sewerage, heating networks.

Water supply.

Cold water supply is designed from the intra-quarter water supply header with two inlets. Water for each section is supplied through an internal house main pipeline located in the basement of the building, which is isolated and covered with aluminum foil. An input frame is installed on each block section and built-in unit.

Around the house there is a main fire and drinking water supply with wells in which fire hydrants are installed.

Sewerage.

Sewerage is carried out inside the yard with a tie-in to the wells of the intra-quarter sewerage system. From each section and each built-in room, independent releases of household and rain sewers are carried out.

Power supply.

Power supply is provided from the city substation with two sections of power supply by two cables - main and spare. Built-in rooms are powered separately, through their electric panels. All electric panels are located on the first floors.

Radio.

Radio racks with radiofiders from neighboring houses located around buildings under construction are installed on each section. Each apartment has two radio points - in the kitchen and in the hall.

Television.

Television antennas are mounted on all units-sections, with their orientation on the television center and installation of the television signal amplifier. All apartments are connected to a shared antenna.

Telephony.

Each unit - sections of the house and built-in units from the intra-quarter telephone network is supplied with a telephone cable, and depending on the ability of the city telephone exchange, subscribers are connected to the city telephone network.

Garbage truck.

The garbage chamber is located on the ground floor. Accumulated garbage in the bunker is poured into garbage carts and immersed in garbage collection machines, and then taken to the city waste dump. The walls of the garbage chamber are lined with glazed tiles, the floor is metal. In the waste chamber there is a cold and hot water pipe with a mixer for washing the waste duct, equipment and premises of the waste chamber. The garbage chamber is equipped with a drain with water draining into the household sewage system.