Development of the design of the rotary mower CRC-6, aggregated with the tractor MTZ-1523 according to a separate scheme

Agrotechnical requirements for ko-silk crc-6

The design or evaluation of the mower can be carried out taking into account, first of all, the degree of satisfaction with agricultural requirements.

Some agricultural requirements are common to many agricultural machines, some are specific and relate mainly to the quality of the operation of the process carried out by the mower.

Ivy mower should be used in all soil-climatic zones of the CIS with a temperate climate, except for mountainous regions and humid zones.

During operation, the ivy mower should not destroy the root si-system of plants and have good permeability through fields, and field do-horns with high soil moisture. The mower shall provide a clean and even cut over the entire width of the grip.

The main agrotechnical requirements for the conditions and quality of work are as follows:

- mower shall remove legumes, cereals and natural hayfields with yield of up to 500 c/ha;

- grass cut height shall be 6070 mm.

- legume herbs must be dosed with simultaneous plants flattening. The content of flattened plants of legume grasses in the total mass should be at least 90%;

- mowing of grasses of cereals and natural hayfields is carried out without flattening of plants;

- width of formed roll must be adjusted from 1.2 to 1.6 m, and height - not more than 0.6 m;

- density of mass laying in the rocker must be not more than 15 kg/m3 .

- mower-ivy during operation should not destroy the root system of plants and have good cross-country ability in fields, and field to-horns with high soil moisture.

- the cut of plants should be even and full. The deviation of the cut height over the entire length of the cutter shall not exceed ± 5 mm. In the process of mowing and spitting, the grass should not be rubbed and contaminated with earth.

- losses during catching of herbs from increased cut and uncut plants should not exceed 2%.

- total losses during catching and flattening not more than 2%.

- the completeness of the cut without taking into account losses from the increased cut and uncut plants should be at least 99%.

- complete damage of stems not less than 80%.

- the roll must be formed in the correct shape.

The mower shall be provided with a protective device that prevents foreign objects from entering the reaper and the ivory apparatus.

2. comparative analysis on mower-plusher designs

Analysis of mowers' structures shows a large variety of their structures. This variety is manifested both in the cutting apparatus and in the conveying, ivy and roll forming organs.

The main function of the cutting apparatus is the cut of the plant mass. Cutting devices are divided into segment (finger, finger-less), rotary.

Disadvantages of segment cutters are:

- reduced cutting speed, which leads to the limitation of the speed of movement of mowers to 7 km/h;

- a large force of inertia arising during cutting, which negatively affects the drive of the segments and the frame of the mower;

- with an increase in the speed of movement of the mower, zones of uncut grass remain, so the cut is uneven, intermittent.

These disadvantages are devoid of rotary cutting machines, therefore, due to the increase in the yield of grasses and the need to increase the productivity of mowers, in recent years the use of wide-grip mowers with a rotary cutting machine has been expanding. These machines provide a seamless cut. In case of a non-return cut, in addition to the energy spent directly on the destruction of the stem material, energy is spent on its bending, friction of the stubble against the lower surface and on discarding the cut part of plants.

Considering the wide variety of areas of use of rotary co-

the force, at all points of the cutting edge of the knife, a cutting speed of at least 60 m/s must be ensured. The results of the studies showed that the resistance and the cutting operation decrease as the cutting speed increases. However, it is not energetically feasible to increase the cutting speed above the upper critical.

The main function of the transporting working members is to transport the beveled plant mass either to the ivory apparatus or to the working members forming the roll. Both screws and conveyors can be transporting working members. Devices forming the roll may be passive discs, diverter flaps.

The main function of the ivory apparatus is the flattening of the cut plant mass passing through ivory rollers of a variety of shapes (smooth, corrugated, disk), thereby increasing moisture recovery.

The disadvantage of floss rolls is the high metal consumption, as a result of which the reduced circumferential speed, which affects the speed of movement of mowers and thereby reduces the productivity of mowers.

This drawback is devoid of a potable ivy machine. The tusk machine is also the transporting working element of the cut plant mass from the cutting machine.

Damage to the protective film of plants by the working elements of the drill device leads to an acceleration of the moisture removal process. Damage of protective film is achieved by oblique-oblique impact of working member bar on stem. Thus, the tool bars on the surface of the horizontally positioned drum shall have a deviation from the radial position by an angle of 15 ° and form, when mounted together on one bracket, a V-shaped working member with a solution angle of 30 °. The bars of the working element can be attached in the bracket in two ways:

- hinge suspension of the bar on the axle;

- hinge suspension of the plate on the axle with fixation in radial position by a rubber damper.

The second attachment method is preferable to the first one.

To improve the process of cutting cover tissues from stems, working organs are proposed to be installed on the drum surface along a screw line. Arrangement of working elements on the drum along two screw lines with a certain pitch and displacement of the second line relative to the first by 30 mm and along the angle by 180 ° provides the most effective damage to the covering tissues of the stems.

When plants enter the billet with the apical part, where young shoots, inflorescences, most of the leaves are located, due to significant force influences when interacting with working organs, the stems are upholstered and ground. When plants enter the drill device with thicker and less facing basal part of the stem, the technological process is carried out with the least losses with more uniform drying of leaves and stem.

The beveled plant mass captured by the drill device moves along the deck. This mass moves along the deck faster. Thus, when plants enter the drill device, initially the lower part is subjected to more intensive processing than the upper part. The cover tissues of the first rotating drill device and the lower part of plants having the lowest speed at the inlet are more severely damaged, as a result of which accelerated and more uniform drying of the whole plant is achieved.

Speed and angle of plants coming off in interaction with drum working members is greater than stems adjoining and contacting the deck. As a result, the grass flow exiting the drum has the form of a divergent wedge. With this in mind, for the fluffed laying of grass on the stubble, it is necessary that the angle of the grass flow from the working organs is less than 90 °. This eliminates the movement of the grass flow along the downward path when leaving the drum, and the use of diverter flaps allows the rolls to be formed and laid on a stubble with a low linear density.

The deck, partially embracing the drill drum from above, limits the spread of plants. It is not advisable to apply a 90 ° or more drum girth angle, since the grass flow exits the drum along a downward path, which compacts the roll. The length of the curved surface of the deck must be not less than a certain part of the length of the stems. If it is assumed that the grabbing of plants by working bodies occurs when a part of them enters the canal of the device to the center of gravity, i.e. about half the length of the stems, then with their average length 0.7... 0, 8 m, the working surface of the deck should be 0.35... 0, 40 m. Therefore, for a 0.6m diameter drill drum, the deck girth angle should approach 60 °.

It is better to make the working surface of the deck profiled (cellular). The clearance between the drum and the deck at the inlet must be greater than at the outlet, but not more than 2 times.

The drill drum operates efficiently when cutting plant stems into the gap between the deck and the periphery of the drum in a strictly oriented direction. This mass movement is provided by the rotary cutter. At the same time, the use of an auger to narrow the mass flow is unacceptable.

The advantages of a heavy ivy device in comparison with roller ones are a decrease in the specific material intensity by 5... 10%, a decrease in the specific energy costs of the ivy process by 15... 20%, maintaining a high efficiency of processing plant stems when supplying grass up to 15 kg/s per 1 m of grip width.

In comparison with the roller ivory apparatus, the use of a drill device made it possible to increase the moisture release rate of grass by 9%.

8. development of measures for operation, maintenance, safety equipment

8.1 Operating Rules

8.1.1 Carry out transportation of mower to the place of work and back by forward motor suspended on tractor, mower is fixed in transport position.

8.1.2 Move the mower to the transport position on a flat platform. Move the mower to the transport position with the mower lifted from the ground, performing the following operations:

1) make sure that forks of cardan shafts of side sections connected to the central reduction gear are located in the same plane;

2) perform the procedure for transferring sections and the mower itself in any sequence convenient for you. You must perform the following operations:

• lift the central section, at that the retainer must be fixed (lowered).

• move hydraulic cylinders of mower side sections to fully extended position by tractor hydraulic system. At the same time, the mower sections will move to the transport position and the latches will work. Transfer is performed by toggle switch.

• Lift the mower to the upper transport position with the tractor mounted device.

8.1.3 After delivery of the mower to the place of work, transfer it from the transport to the operating position for that:

1) move the handles to the lower position;

2) transfer hydraulic cylinders of tractor lifting by hydraulic system

of the rear section to fully retracted position, and hydraulic cylinders of folding of the side sections to fully extended position. In this case, the mechanisms for fixing sections should be opened;

3) by the tractor hydraulic system move the hydraulic cylinders of the central section lifting to the fully extended position, and the side sections to

a fully retracted position, the side sections having to descend under their own weight to a horizontal position;

4) if the mower has a cut height of 50 mm, unscrew the central section retainer;

5) set brackets with rear retroreflectors to upper position and lock them with latches;

6) lower the mower to the ground with the mounted device of the tractor. Install the mower so that cutting bars of sections rest with skids on the soil. Perform adjustment by the tractor hinged device until the pointer on the section frame and the bolt head of the side sections copy limiter on the mower lever coincides. After adjustment fix the tractor hinged device.

8.1.4 Conversion of mower for operation without a drill device

In the absence of the need for flattening, as well as in order to eliminate losses during catching of thin-bodied crops (clover of the 23rd bite), it is necessary to dismantle the drill device and roll formers from each section.

From the set of replaceable parts install:

a) for side sections on two sides:

- shield, fastened with previously removed fasteners of roll former;

- bracket, using part of fasteners of the removed drill device;

- panel, attach it by bolt connection to bracket.

b) for the central section on two sides:

- bracket, using part of fasteners of the removed drill device;

- panel, attach it by bolt connection to bracket.

8.1.5 Run under load for 10 hours starting at reduced operating speeds with gradual increase of load to nominal one.

After run-in, after 10 hours of operation, drain and replace the oil in the cutting bar and conical reducer (KUHN, France) of each section.

After the run-in, perform TO-1.

8.1.6 Content and procedure of field preparation for operation

Before sowing, the field must be cleaned of large stones and foreign objects. Before cleaning carefully inspect the field, especially near roads, settlements, in places of installation of supports of power transmission lines. Select the visible hangers or check boxes around the pits, ravines, boulders and other obstacles that can cause the mower to break when it hits them.

Before cleaning on irrigated lands, fill and level irrigation canals and deep furrows.

8.1.7 At the beginning of operation:

1) start the tractor engine;

2) set the minimum stable engine speed (1000 rpm);

3) turn on the POL of the tractor;

4) crank the mower mechanisms in place within 23 minutes;

5) set the engine operating speed within 33.335 s-1 (20002100 rpm);

6) depending on the cleaning conditions, turn on the first or second gear of the tractor range box;

7) select the operating speed at which the mower ensures stable execution of the process.

It is necessary to put the mower mechanisms into operation at a minimum stable speed of the tractor engine, smoothly, without jerks, increasing the engine speed. The engine operating speed shall be within 20002100 rpm. When aggregating with a tractor, the tractor drive must be equipped with an energy accumulator.

8.1.8 During operation make sure that:

1) the mower worked at the full width of the grip, all sections worked;

2) there was no winding of plants on the rotating parts of the mower;

3) cutting bars of mower sections did not run over obstacles and did not capture the ground.

Before stopping the mower, it is necessary to scroll its mechanisms at the nominal speed of the tractor engine in order to clean the working organs of the plant mass.

When clogging the mower with vegetable mass, stop the tractor, turn off the engine and clean the working elements using a hook and a cutter, taking the necessary precautions.

In case of operation of the safety coupling replace srezny an element (a bolt 8х45) from a set a mower ZIP.

During shutdown and after completion of operation inspect and clean the mower.

8.1.9 Any transport crossings with a mower hung on the tractor shall be carried out with the mower folded and fixed in the transport position.