Development of technology for the production of mineral wool acoustic plates

Added: 21.11.2023
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Description

The main property of mineral wool, which distinguishes it from other heat-insulating materials, is non-combustibility combined with high thermal and sound insulation capacity, resistance to temperature deformations, non-hygroscopicity, chemical and biological resistance, environmental friendliness and ease of installation. According to fire safety requirements, mineral wool products belong to the class of non-combustible materials. Moreover, they effectively prevent the spread of flames and are used as fire insulation and fire protection. Mineral wool products can also be used at very high temperatures, provided that they are not subjected to mechanical stresses that can change their shape after the binder (present in them) is destroyed.

An important property of mineral wool materials is negligible shrinkage (including thermal) and preservation of their geometric dimensions during the entire period of operation of the building. This ensures that there are no "cold bridges" that would otherwise occur at the joints of the insulation boards. Mineral wool is non-hygroscopic, the moisture content in products made of it under normal operating conditions is 0.5% by volume.

The main properties of mineral wool:

Low thermal conductivity

The low thermal conductivity of mineral wool is one of its most important properties and depends mainly on the average thickness of the fiber.

Longevity

Due to the fact that mineral wool is produced from basalt stone rocks, mineral wool is resistant to external influences and retains its operational properties for a long time. The service life is more than 50 years.

Permeability

Excess moisture in the premises can easily penetrate through the fibrous structure of mineral wool, and the precipitation condensate, without accumulating in the thickness of mineral wool, evaporates from the surface. This has a positive effect on the humidity regime of building structures.

Fire resistance

Natural stone materials, which are the basis for the production of mineral wool, belong to the category of non-combustible. In the event of a fire, mineral wool fully retains its physical and mechanical properties and flame retardant capacity.

Excellent sound insulation

Mineral wool is the best obstacle in the way of sound waves and completely prevents their propagation, which contributes to a comfortable stay in the room and has a beneficial effect on the well-being of people.

Ecological compatibility

The use of mineral wool provides ideal comfort indoors, thanks to the unique properties of high-performance insulation, improves the functional characteristics and hygiene of the premises. Mineral wool is harmless to human health.

Chemical and biological resistance

Mineral wool is chemically resistant to organic substances (solvents, acids, alkalis, etc.); protect the surfaces insulated by it from corrosion. Mineral wool fully complies with sanitary and hygienic standards, is characterized by stability of volume and shape, and is resistant to fungi and rodents.

All types of mineral wool products are made with the use of a binder, the type and quantity of which determines the degree of rigidity and mechanical strength of the resulting products.

Table 1.1 – Main properties of mineral wool products.

Ware	Average density, kg/m3	Thermal conductivity at temperature (25±5) ⁰С, W/(m∙⁰С), not more than
Bulk materials (granulated wool)	80 – 125	0,045
Rolled mineral wool mats	50 – 75	0,045 – 0,047
Mineral wool thermal insulation harnesses	100 – 200	0,040 – 0,058
Piece products: Semi-rigid plates with synthetic binder Semi-rigid plates with bitumen binder Rigid plates with synthetic binder Cylinders, half-cylinders on synthetic binder Half-cylinders and bituminous binder plates Stiffened plates with synthetic binder	100 – 125 150 – 300 150 100 – 250 200 – 350 175 – 225	0,048 – 0,049 0,052 – 0,07 0,051 0,047 – 0,056 0,058 – 0,076 0,042

In this course project, the technology for the production of mineral wool acoustic plates of increased rigidity is considered.

The main areas of application of mineral wool.

Application of mineral wool:

– as unloaded thermal insulation and sound insulation of vertical, horizontal and inclined frame building envelopes of all types of buildings;

– for thermal insulation and sound insulation of interior and exterior walls, internal partitions and ceilings, ceilings and floors of any type of buildings and structures;

– for thermal insulation of attics and attic pitched roofs, floors of buildings with pitched roofs;

– as a medium thermal insulation layer in three-layer lightweight walls of low-rise buildings made of bricks, three-layer concrete and reinforced concrete panels and sandwich wall panels with

metal sheath for wall and roof structures;

– as a thermal insulation layer in single-layer and multi-layer roof coverings of flat roofs;

– as a fire-retardant material for the protection of building and engineering structures and increasing the fire resistance limits of metal structures.