Development of device to reduce GS accuracy

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

1.1 Physicochemical properties of water, steam and water-fuel emulsions

1.2 Systems for water supply to engine cylinders

1.2.1 Diagram of diesel fuel and water separate supply system to diesel cylinder

1.2.2 Water supply to engine inlet pipeline

1.2.3 System for the diesel YaMZ-240 of the BelAZ-544A dump truck

1.2.4 Water injection into engine cylinders

2 DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM FOR WATER SUPPLY TO CYLINDERS

DIGATELYA

2.1 Description of the proposed system

2.2 Development of control unit

2.3 Definition of basic technical parameters

2.4 Calculation of stud tightening force

3 DEVELOPMENT OF JOB INSTRUCTION FOR SOLENOID VALVE ASSEMBLY

4 PROJECT SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS

4.1 Ensuring working conditions and safety at work

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST

Paper

Project: 52 sheets, 7 tables, 24 literature sources, 8 sheets of A1 format, 3 sheets of A3 format and 4 sheets of A4 format graphic material .

ANALYSIS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES, DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM TO ENGINE CYLINDERS, RESEARCH, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS OF THE PROJECT

The subject of the diploma design is an electromagnetic valve for regulating the supply of water to the cylinders of the engine.

During operation: review and comparative analysis of existing schemes of water supply to engine cylinders; strength calculations of fasteners were made; the required power for the electromagnet drive is calculated; development of the Job Instruction for the structure assembly; technical and economic indicators were calculated, safety and environmental measures of the project were developed.

Review

For the degree project of a student of the 5th year of the faculty of mechanization of agriculture of the Bashkir State Agrarian University, full-time training

Mukhamadiev Arthur Salimovich

On the topic: Modernization of the fuel supply system of the D240 diesel engine in order to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, "carried out at the department" Auto-tractor engines and heat engineering, "under the guidance of Ph.D., assistant Gaysin E.M.

General performance:

The diploma contains five sections including: review and analysis of existing structures, development of a system for supplying water to the cylinders of the engine, development of a job instruction for the assembly of an electromagnetic valve, safety and environmental friendliness of the project and a technical and economic part.

Positive aspects of the work:

The author carried out a sufficient analysis of existing structures. A universal water supply system has been developed. Solenoid valve is calculated. The design proposed by the author can be recommended for introduction into production.

Disadvantages:

1) There are slight deviations from the ESKD;

2) Some references of literature sources are not provided;

3) There are no conclusions of some formulas;

4) No design calculations.

Conclusion: These comments do not reduce the value of the work, it meets all the requirements for diploma projects and deserves to be rated "excellent," and diploma student A.S. Mukhamadiyev deserves to be awarded the qualification of a mechanical engineer.

Introduction

The use of water in the working process of thermal engines began almost simultaneously with their appearance. Back in 1864, Hugon supplied water to the combustible mixture to improve the operation of the Lenoir engine. The first patent regarding the use of water in an internal combustion engine (ICE) was obtained by Otto in 1880. In the 30 years of the 20th century, water injection began to be used in high-speed engines to increase the compression ratio (prevent detonation combustion), increase ICE power, and reduce the temperature of engine parts. For the first time, water as a fuel additive in serial piston aircraft ICE was used by SAAB (Sweden) in the early 40s. In the USSR, a number of tractor engines worked using water. In the post-war years, there was a growing interest in the use of water in the form of water-fuel emulsions, which opened up wider prospects than the use of water only as a depressive medium. At the same time, the main attention was paid to the possibility of increasing engine economy and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases (OG).

This method of improving ICE performance is implemented in both gasoline and diesel engines. In both cases, most operating modes improve mixing and combustion processes, reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides, and significantly reduce the heat stress of engine parts. However, when water is supplied to the cylinders of a gasoline engine, in some cases there is a deterioration in some of its indicators. In particular, in partial load modes, excessive cooling of the working mixture due to evaporation of water leads to insufficient homogenization of the mixture, deterioration of the quality of the working process, and an increase in the acceleration time of the car. The best results are the supply of water to the cylinders of diesel engines, in which high-quality mixing is provided and the smokiness of the OG is noticeably reduced.

Thus, the supply of some water to the combustion chamber is one of the effective methods for improving the economic and environmental performance of diesel engines. Currently, the supply of water to cylinders is quite widely used in ship diesel engines. Injection in the combustion chamber (CC) of these engines of water fuel emulsions allows to solve problems of increase in operational fuel profitability of the power station, improvement of its ecological indicators, decrease in thermal tension, use of viscous grades of fuel. Studies are being conducted on the use of water-fuel emulsions in diesel and stationary diesel engines. The increased interest in supplying water to the cylinders of high-speed diesel engines for auto-tractor purposes is due to the possibility of a noticeable improvement in the toxicity of their OG.

Conclusions

The improvement of engines in any direction inevitably raises questions of further improvement of the design and maintenance of their individual mechanisms and systems, especially the fuel system. This is due to the fact that it is the performance indicators of the fuel system that determine the working process of the engine and, as a result, its power and economic indicators, reliability, serviceability, noise, toxicity of exhaust gases, etc.

The task of further improving the technical and economic performance of engines puts forward the requirement to optimize the processes of control of their operation modes. Optimization of the operation of control and control systems means the ability of systems to find and maintain the optimal value of a particular indicator that characterizes the operation of the engine, for example, economic indicators, exhaust toxicity, etc. Currently used centrifugal type mechanical regulators do not allow to fully realize the potential of the engine. During the degree design, a fuel supply system for the D240 diesel engine was developed in order to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. Calculations show that its use will give an annual economic effect of 18338.5 rubles, and significantly reduce the smoke and toxicity of exhaust gases.