Development of automatic control and alarm of steam turbine type K-800-240

Contents

Job for coursework

Introduction

1 Description of automatic control object

1.1 Description of K-800- steam turbine thermal diagram

2 Overview of measuring and monitoring equipment

2.1 Temperature measuring devices

2.2 Standard protective sleeves

2.3 Devices showing and recording

2.4 Pressure measuring devices

2.5 Flow measuring devices

3 Functional Diagram Brief

4 Metrological justification of measuring systems selection

4.1 Temperature Measurement Systems

4.2 Pressure Measurement System

5 Calculation of primary flow transmitters

5.1 Calculation of PP flow measurement primary converter

5.2 Calculation of primary FP flow measurement converter

5.3 Calculation of structural dimensions for CS attachment unit

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix A

Introduction

The purpose of this course project is to acquire skills on a reasonable choice of the structure of automated control systems for thermal power facilities, implemented using modern automation equipment.

In this course project, the analysis of the produced measuring devices of flow, temperature and pressure was carried out, which contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge in the field of automation; measuring systems were selected to obtain and process information on operation of K800240 turbine specified in the individual task; and metrological justification of this choice was made. Also in the project, calculations were made of primary converters for measuring the flow rate of superheated steam and feedwater, and calculation of the structural dimensions of the constriction device for measuring the flow rate of superheated steam. The graphical part of this course design consists of the diagram of the functional system of automatic control and alarm and the assembly drawing of the unit for attachment of the narrowing device on the pipeline, drawings of the chamber nozzle and the left branch pipe, the diagram of connections of the narrowing device with the intermediate converter.

Functional Diagram Brief

Measuring information on the progress of the process and on the state of equipment at the TPP contains mainly information on heat engineering values measured by instruments or measuring systems. The process of measuring thermal values ​ ​ and the set of means for carrying out these measurements are called thermal control. The functional diagram of the steam boiler automation reflects the nature and volume of heat control of the boiler.

The functional diagram of the heat control and alarm system of the K800240 steam turbine is presented in the graphic part of this course design (FYUR.421000.010.S2). The functional diagram drawing shows:

- schematic diagram of the automation object;

- sensors, transducers, secondary instruments and other automation means;

- shields, IVC;

- communication lines between automation equipment;

- title block.

The process equipment on the functional diagram is depicted in accordance with GOST 21.40380 in the form of loops simplified to such an extent that it allows you to show both the relationship of individual parts of the process circuit and the principle of its operation, as well as interaction with sensors and other technical means of the automation system.

Process pipelines show only those valves, gate valves, dampers, valves and other control and shut-off valves that are directly involved in the operation of the automation system or are necessary to determine the relative location of the sampling devices and primary transmitters.

Sensors, transducers, instruments and auxiliary valves are shown on automation diagrams in accordance with GOST 21.40485. sampling devices for permanently connected devices are represented by continuous lines of 0.2-0.3 mm thickness connecting the image of process equipment or pipelines at the points of connection of sampling devices with schematic designations of primary transmitters or auxiliary devices.

In the functional automation diagrams, the communication lines are represented by solid thin lines. If links in the automation system intersect, branch, or merge with a functional effect, a point is displayed at the point of contact or non-intersection of the links.

The address method is used to prevent the complex functional scheme from being cluttered. That is, the links are broken, the breaks are displayed in the free field of the drawing. The breaks of the same link are numbered with the same numbers.

In the lower part of the drawing, the functional diagram of automation with rectangles conventionally depicts shields, consoles, including those supplied complete with process equipment.

When developing functional automation schemes and choosing technical means, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the technological process, fire and explosion hazard conditions, environmental aggressiveness and toxicity, parameters and physical and chemical properties of technological media, the distance from the installation places of sensors, selection and receiving devices to control posts, the required accuracy and speed of automation tools .

Based on the selection of technical means of the thermal control system and the functional automation diagram, a custom specification of technical means of automation is drawn up.

The specification is a technical document that contains all the necessary information about the instruments and automation tools of the boiler unit.

The specification is designed to draw up a measurement instrument order based on it, as well as to facilitate reading of project documentation.

When writing the specification, the task is to select automation tools (sensors, intermediate transducers and secondary devices). The selection is carried out in two stages, at the first stage a variety (series) of the device is selected according to classification characteristics, and at the second stage, depending on the technical characteristics, the type of sensor, converter or meter is finally selected.

Conclusion

During the development of this course project, a number of problems were solved: analysis of the produced flow, temperature and pressure measuring devices was carried out; measuring systems are selected to obtain and process information about the operation of K800240 turbine, which contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge in the field of automation.

Metrological justification of this choice was made. The project also carried out calculations of primary converters for measuring the flow rate of superheated steam and feedwater, calculating the design dimensions of a constriction device for measuring the flow rate of superheated steam, and ultimately acquired skills for calculating and analyzing automation equipment, and then choosing in favor of savings, quality and durability.

I made a personal contribution, namely, I analyzed the devices of the Elemer NPP group and Metran SG for an automation object of type K800240. This information can be useful at a TPP or in educational activities.

The development of control technology and technical means is the most important prerequisite for intensification of technological processes and safety of equipment operation.

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