Design of gas pipelines - inlets and house gas supply of residential and public buildings

Contents

Introduction

Select Gas Pipeline Routing - Inputs

Gas equipment of residential and public buildings

Laying of gas pipelines of internal buildings

Determination of estimated gas flow rates

Determination of design overpressure in external and internal gas pipelines

Procedure for calculation of gas pipelines - inlets and inlet gas pipelines. Hydraulic calculation of gas pipelines

Literature

Introduction

Currently, Ukraine needs up to 80 billion m3 of gas fuel per year. At the same time, own gas production does not exceed 1825 billion m3. Huge budgetary resources are spent to pay for imported fuel; these costs place a heavy burden on the state economy, preventing the accelerated development of industrial production and increasing the well-being of the country's population.

The use of gas for the population in the household and communal sectors in 20002005 amounted to 28 30 billion m3/year.

The significant increase in the cost of imported gas seriously exacerbates the situation, since most citizens are not able to pay for housing and communal services, which in turn causes social tension in the country. Therefore, the ability to design reliable, safe and economical gas supply systems for buildings with minimal losses when using gas becomes especially relevant. Calculation and graphic work is designed to give students the ability to design such a rational design using high-tech domestic and foreign gas equipment.

SELECTION OF ROUTING OF GAS PIPELINES - BUSHINGS.

The gas pipeline is considered to be the gas pipeline from the point of connection to the distribution gas pipeline to the general disconnecting device at the entrance to the building.

On the territory of the quarters, gas pipelines-inlets should be laid underground in accordance with regulatory documents. They are designed as dead ends with the installation of a disconnecting device, preferably on a blind wall of the building.

It is forbidden to trace gas pipelines - inlets under places of mass accumulation of people, under children's playgrounds.

It is prohibited to lay underground gas pipelines through channels of heat networks, communication headers, channels of various purposes.

When crossing underground gas pipelines - inlets with headers and channels of utility networks, they are laid mainly under them in cases that exit 2 meters to both sides of the crossed structures.

Underground gas pipelines shall be provided for steel electric welded straight-joint pipes (GOST - 10704-91) or polyethylene pipes. (DSTU BB.2.77398).

The depth of the gasket should be taken:

- for steel gas pipelines not less than 0.8 m to the top of gas pipelines or cases, and in places where traffic is excluded, a depth of 0.6 m.

- for polyethylene gas pipelines not less than 1 m to the top of gas pipelines or cases. When laying roads and street passes under the carriageways, the depth of laying should be taken at least 1.2. they are the top of gas pipelines or cases.

Gas equipment of residential and public buildings

The section of the gas pipeline from the disconnecting device of the end of the gas pipeline-inlet to the outermost riser of the internal gas pipeline, including the section passing in the case through the wall of the building, is called the inlet gas pipeline.

In residential and public buildings, gas stoves, flow water heaters and gas appliances for apartment heating are installed.

Norms (SNiP 2.08.0189) [6] limit the use of the specified equipment for buildings depending on their storey: installation is allowed:

- gas plates up to 10 - floors;

- hot water heaters - up to 5 floors.

- chimney heating heat generators - up to 5 floors.

In buildings up to 10 floors inclusive for apartment heating, the use of gas fireplaces, heaters, convectors and other types of heating equipment of factory manufacture with the removal of combustion products through the external wall of the building and having a sealed combustion chamber is allowed.

In residential buildings in accordance with [2] (Table 1) the pressure cannot be more than 3000 Pa. Pressure upstream of gas instruments burners is provided in accordance with passport data: 1300 or 2000 Pa

For the installation of gas stoves in the kitchens of residential buildings, the following conditions must be met:

a) kitchen room height - not less than 2.2 meters;

b) presence of window with window window;

c) availability of exhaust ventilation channel;

d) presence of natural light.

At the same time, the internal volume of kitchen rooms should be at least:

- for gas plate with two burners -8 m3;

- the same with 3 burners 12 m3;

- the same with 4 burners 15 m3.

The installation of gas heating equipment with the removal of combustion products into the chimney or through the external wall of the building should be provided in kitchens or in separate rooms intended for their placement. At the same time, the total thermal power of heating equipment should not exceed 30 kW.

When removing combustion products from heating devices to the chimney, the kitchen volume should be increased by 6 m3.

(For devices from 30 to 200 kW, separate non-residential premises built in or attached to a residential building are provided, which are subject to the following requirements:

- room height - not less than 2.5 m.

- availability of natural ventilation based on:

a) exhaust - in the volume of 3-fold air exchange per hour;

b) inflow in the exhaust volume plus additional air for gas combustion (at air intake from the room);

- availability of necessary exhaust and plenum devices, dimensions of which are determined by calculation;

Separate rooms for placing heating equipment with a peaceful thermal power of 30 to 200 kW and premises in the basements of residential buildings owned by citizens on the rights of personal property should have natural lighting based on glazing 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of the volume of this room.

For air inflow, where gas instruments are located, heating parats with combustion products diverted to the chimney, it should be provided in the lower parts of doors or walls emerging into adjacent non-residential rooms, a grid or gap between the door and the floor, or a grid installed in the outer wall of the room. The size of the live section of the plenum must be at least :

- for kitchens with gas equipment with total thermal power up to 30 kW - 0.02 m2;

- for separate rooms (built-in, attached, stand-alone) in which heating gas devices are installed with a total power of 30 to 200 kW - 0.025 m2. All these requirements do not apply to premises where heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber is installed.

When installing gas equipment in kitchens and rooms of residential buildings with the removal of combustion products into chimneys, it should be provided for the control of carbon monoxide microconcentration (0.005 volume percent CO) and the control of pre-explosion gas concentrations of not more than 20% of the lower concentration limit of flammability by installing apartment annunciators with output to individual alarms.

For commercial accounting of consumed gas are put counters;

1) at the entrance to apartments of multi-storey residential buildings;

2) at the entrance to individual residential buildings;

3) at the entrance to public buildings or public utilities.

The type of gas meter and the possible volume of gas metering is determined by the total thermal capacity of the gas devices installed at the consumption facility.

Gas instruments shall not be placed:

- in public corridors;

- in sanitary units;

- in dormitories of all types;

- in rooms of buildings of any purpose, which do not have a window with a window (frame);

-in basement floors, and in case of LPG gas supply - in basement and basement floors of the building.

Gas equipment can be installed in public buildings, including for heat supply, with the exception of:

Children's, preschool and school institutions;

- Hospitals and health-care facilities;

Health facilities and boarding schools;

Cultural, leisure, sports, trade, transport and other institutions with a possible mass presence of people (more than 50 people in one room);

- public buildings and structures more than 26.5 meters high.

Conditions for installation of gas equipment in residential and public buildings of old construction and some other information are presented in the 6th section of item (6.1-6.63) [2].

Laying of gas pipelines inside buildings

For inlet and internal gas pipelines, steel water and gas pipes are used according to GOSTA 326275. In Ukraine, such a layout of gas pipelines of residential and public buildings is most common: - after the disconnecting device, an inlet gas pipeline is laid at the end of the gas pipeline, a header is laid above the windows of the 1st floor, and inlet gas pipelines branch from it to the risers in the premises where gas devices are installed. Internal gas pipelines begin from the point of connection of the inlet gas pipeline to the risers of multi-storey buildings, or after a disconnecting device in front of the gas meter in the houses of manor buildings.

Pipe connection shall be provided on welding. Split connections are used to install isolation valves, instrumentation and other equipment. The laying of the gas pipeline inside the buildings should be provided open. It is allowed to lay gas pipelines inside buildings of all assignments in furrows of walls with removable panels with holes for ventilation.

In the premises of industrial and communal enterprises, including boiler houses, buildings of consumer services and public catering enterprises, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines to individual units and gas devices in the floors of a monolithic structure with subsequent sealing with cement mortar.

During the passage of gas pipelines through the ceilings, the installation of cases with an outlet of 3 cm from below and from above the floor is provided.

The laying of gas pipelines at the places of passage of people should be provided at a height of at least 2.2 m from the floor to the bottom of the gas pipelines.

The laying of gas pipelines in residential buildings should be provided for non-residential premises.

In existing and reconstructed residential buildings, it is possible to lay a low-pressure gas pipeline in transit through residential rooms.

In this case, the pipeline shall not have threaded connections and fittings.

Gas pipelines shall not be laid:

a) through chimneys, elevator shafts, through explosive rooms, ventilation chambers and channels;

b) through basements, bathrooms, bathrooms;

c) laying of struts through living rooms, bathrooms, bathrooms and staircases is excluded.

Risers of gas pipelines of residential buildings are made of pipes of the same diameter (at least 15 mm). The minimum diameter of the supply to the gas plates is 15 mm, and for heating gas apparatuses or flow gas water heaters the minimum diameter is 20 mm.

The installation of disconnecting devices on gas pipelines laid in residential and public buildings (except catering enterprises and industrial service enterprises) should be provided;

- for disconnection of risers in buildings of more than 5 floors;

before counters;

in front of domestic gas stoves, heating and gas appliances, furnaces and other gas equipment;

on branches to heating furnaces or appliances;

stand-off devices shall be installed outside the building.

The installation of disconnecting devices on gas pipelines in the production premises of industrial and agricultural enterprises, public and domestic buildings, as well as boiler houses should provide for:

at gas pipelines inward;

on branches to each unit;

before burners and igniters;

on blowdown pipelines at the points of their connection to gas pipelines.

Blowdown piping diameter shall be at least 20 mm.

If the diameter of the supply gas pipeline is not more than 32 mm, it is allowed to install a shutoff device with a blind connector - a plug, instead of blowdown gas pipelines.

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