Design of billboard and roof installation

3.3 Selection and justification of lighting design 

For internal lighting of the box installed on the roof, select luminescent lamps.

Luminescent are called low-pressure gas discharge bulbs. In them, ultraviolet radiation (absolutely invisible to the human eye) arises as a result of gas discharge, which is converted into visible light by a phosphor coating. 

The fluorescent lamp is a cylindrical tube with electrodes, where mercury vapors are pumped. When exposed to electric discharge, mercury vapors begin to emit ultraviolet rays, causing the phosphor applied to the walls of the tube to emit visible light.

The fluorescent lamp is capable of providing uniform soft light, which is difficult to control due to the large radiation surface. Fluorescent lamps in shape can be linear, annular, U- shaped, as well as compact. The diameter of the lamp tube is typically indicated in eight parts of an inch (e.g., T5 = 5/8 = 15.87 millimeters). But in the catalog of lamps, the diameter is most often indicated in millimeters - for example, 16 millimeters for T5 lamps. Most fluorescent lamps meet the international standard.

 Today, the industry produces more than 100 different types of lamps of this type of general purpose. The most common are lamps whose power is 15, 20, 30 W for a voltage of 127 V, as well as 40, 80 and 125 W for a voltage of 220 V. The average length of service of the lamp is about 10 thousand hours.

The advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent lamps, as well as their physical characteristics, directly depend on the level of ambient temperature, which is due to the temperature pressure of the mercury vapors in the lamp. If the temperature of the flask wall is about + 40 C, then the lamp reaches the highest possible light recoil.

 The main advantages of fluorescent lamps are such as very high light yield, which can reach 75 lm/W, long service life, for standard lamps reaching up to 10 thousand hours. Many consumers choose this type of lamp because of the ability to have light sources of different spectral composition with the best color rendering. In some cases, relatively low brightness is also a merit, which does not blind the eyes much.

From the disadvantages, one can distinguish the limited unit power of the lamp at large sizes for such power, the relative complexity of the connection, the lack of the ability to supply the lamp with direct current. The fluorescent lamp and its characteristics are quite dependent on the ambient temperature level. So, for an ordinary fluorescent lamp, the most optimal ambient temperature is the range from + 18 to + 25 C. If there is a temperature deviation from this indicator, the optimal luminous flux, the luminous yield of the lamp is significantly reduced. Moreover, when a temperature below + 10 C is noted in the room, ignition of the lamp is not guaranteed at all. Therefore, fluorescent lamps are used only where their operation is justified and involves obtaining an effect that cannot be created using other types of lamps [5].

4.2 Calculation of units and fasteners

We will choose the talreps necessary for the calculated advertising stretch.

Talrep is a special technical device that is used in installation, construction and other work. By means of a talrep the weak point of steel ropes, cables, cables, the countries, etc. stretches and chosen. Simply put, the tension control is performed with the help of the talrep. The use of talrep in rigging operations is especially common when it is necessary to provide the necessary tension for steel ropes that are used to attach transported or mounted equipment or other heavy cargo. Initially, talrep was invented and used to connect metal and wooden structures of various types.

The principle of the talrep is as follows. In fact, it is a coupling (a design of two screws), on which opposite threads are applied. Screws are screwed into a specially designed ring or elongated structure with threaded holes. The end of the screw is made in the form of a ring or hook, to which the cable is connected. After that, the structure rotates, the screws move to its center, which causes tension of the cable.

The use of talrep is necessary when a high tension force is required. It is noteworthy that talrep is used both for completely seemingly small tasks (for example, tension of strings for gardins or curtains) and for serious construction solutions. At almost any construction site, you can notice talreps weighing several tens of kilograms.

Like the bulk of the rigging elements and devices, the talrep is in most cases made of strong steel treated with zinc using the galvanic method. This ensures the structure is resistant to weather conditions, other harmful external influences, and reliably protects the talrep from corrosion.

The following documents are required to issue a technical passport for outdoor advertising:

- a sketch of the means of outdoor advertising in connection with a specific architectural and planning situation at the place of its placement, indicating the size and presence of illumination on a paper medium of A4 format in color;

- three photographs of the location of the means of outdoor advertising measuring 9x13 cm, made in color;

- a letter or other document on the consent of the owner of the place of placement of the means of outdoor advertising or a person authorized by the owner to the placement of the means of outdoor advertising - if the place of placement of the means of outdoor advertising is in republican or private ownership, except when the owner and the advertiser are one person;

- a document confirming payments for issuing a passport of outdoor advertising equipment.

We will calculate the fee for the use of the advertising structure presented by the over-roof installation, etc. Partisan .

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