Course project "Technology of construction of buildings"

Contents

Introduction

1. Definition of initial data (building characteristics and site conditions)

2. Selection of installation method

Installation of columns

Installation of trusses

Installation of coating plates

3. Quantity takeoff

4. Determination of labour intensity, composition of links and brigade

5. Selection of slinging method

6. Calculation of Slinging Devices

7. Selection of installation crane

8. Determination of the effective version of the installation crane

9. Development of safety measures

10. Determination of technical and economic parameters (TEP) of installation works

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

In this course design, the installation of the production building is being developed.

Installation of building structures is a leading technological process in construction. During the construction of the universal building, an in-line construction method was used, in which teams (links) of permanent workers equipped with an appropriate set of tools and construction machines perform the same different types of work, maximally combined in time on different fronts of work (grips, sections). This method of mounting combines the advantages of sequential and parallel methods and eliminates their disadvantages. In the flow method, less time is required than in the series, less resources are consumed simultaneously than in the parallel method, homogeneous material and technical resources are consumed uniformly and specialized transport is loaded, and teams (links) of workers constantly perform the same work. [1]

In the course design, a process plan for the installation of building structures during the construction of the above-ground part of the industrial building is also being developed. The Job Instruction reflects the scope of work of individual erection stages (number and weight of installation elements, number of joints, welds), process diagrams of erection of structures and their slings, diagrams or scaffold drawings; welding technology, grouting and sealing of joints; installation schedules, instructions for installation work, requirements for product quality, calculation of machine and worker needs; specification of equipment, basic materials, accessories and tools, solutions ensuring safety of technological processes organization and work performance, technical and economic indicators of installation works. The level of organizational and technical work in the contracting organization is also taken into account. The use of routings in construction practice contributes to the maximum reduction of manual labor.

Definition of initial data (building characteristics and site conditions)

The construction site is a production building.

The building is provided using typical crane sections with a grid of columns of average 6x6 m, the pitch of the extreme columns is 12 m, it has overall dimensions in the plan of 54x66 m. The height of the hull to the bottom of the rafters is adopted 7.8 m according to the conditions for the placement of equipment and in order to create optimal hygienic conditions .

The main type of columns - 400 * 400 mm, for the attachment of enclosing structures, there are framing columns: a section of 300x300 mm. As enclosing structures - wall panels with height dimensions: 1.5 in length - equal to the pitch of columns 6 m.

For the coating device, coating plates are used - ribbed with a size of 6x1.5 m. Slabs are laid along beams. Lighting in the building is carried out through lateral ribbon glazing. All features are generic.

Main parameters of the building frame:

• Width A = L1 + L2 + L3 = 54 m;

• Length B = 66 m;

• Height H = 7.8 m;

• Number of spans - 3;

• L1 = 18 m, L2 = 12 m, L3 = 24 m;

• Pitch of extreme columns - 12 m;

• Pitch of middle columns -6 m;

• Crane lifting capacity Q = 15 t.

Selection of installation method

The organization of construction production should ensure the focus of all organizational, technical and technological solutions on the achievement of the final result - the commissioning of the facility with the necessary quality and on time.

Organization of works is a set of measures aimed at streamlining and bringing to the system of installation works at the construction site. These activities should include the development of the work front; selection of sequence of installation of elements to design position; delivery, transportation and supply of mounting elements and structures to the working area.

The longitudinal direction of installation provides for the movement of mounting mechanisms and machines along the spans or in parallel with them. This is due to the convenience of supplying elements for installation and a more rational organization of passes, turns, installation of technological equipment, as well as the flow of work.

For multi-storey industrial buildings with a railway frame, a combined method of erecting structures is more rational. Columns are installed at the beginning, they are adjusted and ground into foundation cups. By the beginning of installation of other structures, concrete in the support joint must gain at least 70% strength. The remaining structures are then installed .

Prefabricated structures shall be installed in accordance with the following requirements:

installation sequence ensuring stability and geometrical stability of the installed part of the structure at all stages of installation and strength of installation connections;

complex installation of structures of each section of the building, which allows performing further work on the mounted section;

safety of installation, civil and special works at the facility taking into account their performance according to the combined schedule.

Erection of building structures is carried out in 3 stages:

all zero cycle work is completed at the facility;

installation of the frame. The installation area within which the crane and structures move is identified in the project. Tool check is carried out in plan of support structures.

installation of enclosing structures.

Installation of columns

The columns are installed in the foundation sockets, which is preceded by filling the bottom of the cup, which is made of fine-grained concrete 4-5 hours before the installation of the columns. Strapping of columns is performed by means of frame or friction grip. Wedges or conductors are used to temporarily fix the column in the sleeve. Wedges remain in the foundation body. They are wooden or metal. Braces, braces and group conductors can also be used.

Installation, reconciliation and temporary fixation of columns is carried out in one of the following ways :

- install the columns on the heads of the lower columns with temporary fixation and reconciliation with the help of group conductors for four columns;

- installation of columns on the heads of the lower columns, on which single conductors are fixed with screws (the heads of the lower columns are usually higher than the floor level by 0.5... 0, 8m). [2]

Conclusion

During this course work on the installation of building structures, they deepened the theoretical knowledge that they received during the study of the main course of the discipline "Building Construction Technology" and got acquainted with the methodology for developing an element of the construction and installation project. They established a list of problematic organizational and technological issues, such as the choice of the installation method, the choice of slinging devices, and determined the optimally necessary installation crane. Also in the course project, using the recommendations of ENiR (Uniform Norms and Rates for Construction, Installation and Repair and Construction Works), they found the composition of the link of the performers of processes and wages.

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