Course project - one-story, three-room residential building

Introduction

In the projects under development, special attention has been paid to the economical and rational use of all types of building materials and energy. Recently, a large number of fundamentally new building materials have appeared in terms of structural and decorative indicators. Meanwhile, due to increased competition among manufacturers in the construction materials market, there is an inevitable reduction in their cost, improvement in quality and assortment. All these changes allow people with medium income to build high-quality individual residential buildings.

The proposed design on the design features and type of materials used meets the requirements of most families, counting on relatively inexpensive and high-quality individual housing, having architectural expressiveness, differing from civilian buildings of mass construction in a more convenient layout taking into account more stringent functional requirements.

The solution of all issues of planning and development of the territory must be carried out taking into account the protection and rational use of the environment.

Space Planning Solution

A space planning solution is a solution on the basis of which a particular composition and size of premises are made.

The building has a rectangular shape; designed without a basement.

Designed:

- floor height - 3.00 m;

- height of the entire building - 6,100 m;

- dimensions in axes - 13.05 m (1-5) and 10.8 m (A-D).

The functional layout of the house is quite capable of meeting the needs of a family of 2-3 people: the set of main premises fully corresponds to the level of comfort of the city apartment. The cottage can be used for both temporary and permanent accommodation.

On the floor there is a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, two bedrooms, a veranda, the bathroom is equipped with water supply and sewerage. Communication between the main rooms is carried out through the hall.

Ventilation of rooms is natural. The size of the windows ensures the required illumination of the premises in daylight.

Space Planning Solution

A space planning solution is a solution on the basis of which a particular composition and size of premises are made.

The building has a rectangular shape; designed without a basement.

Designed:

- floor height - 3.00 m;

- height of the entire building - 6,100 m;

- dimensions in axes - 13.05 m (1-5) and 10.8 m (A-D).

The functional layout of the house is quite capable of meeting the needs of a family of 2-3 people: the set of main premises fully corresponds to the level of comfort of the city apartment. The cottage can be used for both temporary and permanent accommodation.

On the floor there is a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, two bedrooms, a veranda, the bathroom is equipped with water supply and sewerage. Communication between the main rooms is carried out through the hall.

Ventilation of rooms is natural. The size of the windows ensures the required illumination of the premises in daylight.

Design Solutions

6.1 Foundations and Basements

Foundations - underground structures that transfer loads from the building to the ground.

The prefabricated block foundation is designed in this building.

Prefabricated block foundations consist of wall blocks, which are walls of the underground part of the building.

Bulk or loose soil cannot be left under the foundation base. It is removed and crushed stone or sand is poured instead. Recesses in the base more than 10 cm are filled with concrete mixture.

In the places of conjugation of longitudinal and transverse walls, the blocks are laid in front and the places of conjugation between them are sealed with a concrete mixture. Then concrete foundation blocks are laid with dressing of seams in three rows, over which a horizontal waterproofing layer of two ruberoid layers on the mastic is arranged. The purpose of the waterproofing layer is to prevent migration of capillary soil and atmospheric moisture up the wall. The width of the foundation blocks for the walls is 600 mm. During design the dimensions of foundation wall blocks are accepted according to GOST 1357978.

The basement is lined with cement sand mortar based on hydrophobic cement and decorative painting is performed, which gives the building artistic expressiveness.

The entire perimeter of the building is paved with a width of 1000 mm with a slope of i = 0.050. It is designed to protect the foundation from rain and meltwater penetrating into the ground near the walls of the building.

6.2 Walls

The walls of the building are designed to protect and protect against environmental influences and transfer loads from the above structures - floors and coatings to the foundation.

When erecting the walls of the building, manual masonry with horizontal and vertical dressing of seams is used. Ceramic hollow bricks are used for masonry of external and internal walls.

The walls are laid on cement sand mortar. Thickness of external walls is determined on the basis of heat engineering calculation. The outer wall is 660 mm thick. Such thickness is necessary to ensure stability to wind and impact loads, as well as to increase the heat and sound insulation capacity of the walls.

From the inside of the wall, they are plastered with cement sand mortar. The thickness of the inner layer of plaster is 10 mm. Outside, the exterior of the building creates a facing brick.

Window openings in the walls are designed with quarters on the sides and on top, designed for the convenience of installation of window blocks, i.e. for tight abutment of window and door openings. Reinforced concrete lintels are laid above window and door openings. They transfer the load from overlying structures to walls or spacers. In window and door openings there are three bridges with a section of 120x140 mm.

Exterior and interior finishes

The exterior of the building is mainly determined by the style of its exterior decoration. The design provides for the finishing of external walls in the form of decorative plaster with a thickness of 15 mm from cement sand mortar prepared on the basis of hydrophobic cement of grade 500 in proportions of 1:2, this allows you to resort less to re-plastering the facade of the building during operation and allows you to protect the masonry from atmospheric effects and freezing capillary moisture in it. Decorative plaster is covered with a layer of orange whitewash.

The basement of the building is also plastered and expanded with an imitation of the type of masonry made of large stone. The seams may be colored white (or any other) if desired. The basement has a gray color and creates a sense of monumentality of the structure, gives the building some elegance, expressiveness .

The windows and external doors of the building are painted with water repellent enamel in a light color, which is perfectly combined with the color of the walls of the cottage, does not disturb the harmony of the colors of the facade.

Boards are nailed to the roof overhang from the side of the fronts, giving the building special features that can distinguish it from the architectural ensemble of the building area

In front of the main entrance there are fences, which are carefully treated boards. The boards of each such fence in pairs have a different thickness: the upper board is thinner than the lower. They are antiseptic and covered in two or three layers with light-colored water-resistant enamel. Such fences give the building a modern look and do not contradict aesthetic standards.

Finishing the surface of internal walls and partitions consists in their plastering with cement sand mortar with a layer 25 mm thick. The surface of the plaster can be glued with paper wallpaper or liquid wallpaper can be applied, decorative plastering (with various shapes) and colored whitening of the surfaces of walls and partitions are also possible. In the bathroom, the surface of the walls, like the floors, is finished with ceramic tiles. It serves as a waterproofing of the walls required due to the high humidity in this room, and is easily washed, which allows you to observe the hygiene of the bathroom.

Engineering equipment

Engineering equipment of the building includes water supply, sewerage, wiring, gas supply and heating system.

Power supply of the building is carried out from the general power grid. Wiring in the designed building is carried out before plastering the internal walls and partitions and is attached by means of special fasteners to the building structures. If necessary, holes for electric wire in walls and floors are drilled.

The sewerage system of the building is connected to the central city sewerage network.

Water supply is carried out from a common water supply. Water is supplied in the kitchen to the mixer and in the bathroom to the mixer and the drain tank.

Gas supply is provided from external gas network. It is brought to the gas heating boiler, located separately from the cottage, and gas columns located in the kitchen and bathroom. Gas columns are designed to heat the water entering the bathroom and kitchen.

The heating system of the building consists of pipes and heating batteries, through which heated water and a gas heating boiler circulate. Such a heating system is called central. Heating batteries are located in all rooms and run along the exterior walls of the building on both floors .

Interior decoration determines the interior of the building and can be made in various styles, depending on the customer's desire. Moreover, it is possible to change it during the period of operation of a residential building .