Three-section five-story residential building - typology - course

Introduction

The development of construction is organically connected with the history of development by the material culture of human society. The human home has gone a huge development path to a multi-storey modern house, equipped with all types of improvement.

The construction of residential buildings has become enormous thanks to typification and industrialization. At the same time, buildings are built in complex with institutions of everyday cultural and consumer services.

The directions of modern housing developers are aimed at developing new progressive space-planning solutions for apartments and houses with better layout and aesthetic qualities in order to satisfy all the needs of a person in modern society. This is the satisfaction not only of material and everyday needs, but also the creation of a material, social and spiritual environment in which a person will live and work.

In a residential building, the most convenient and healthy conditions for a person's life should be created. To do this, attention should be paid to the climatic features of the place of construction of the house, its climatic "nuances." The positive aspects of natural conditions should be exploited and overcome the negative aspects in order to ensure optimal sanitary and hygienic living conditions.

The layout of the apartment should take into account all the life processes that take place in it, which determine the composition and size of premises and apartments, which guarantees a person's comfortable living in the apartment and his mental balance.

Design solutions for apartments should be economical. With a shortage of good, reliable, comfortable housing, its availability is an important topic for construction.

Volumetric planning solution

Buildings are the structural main elements of the development of the city. Their planning and functional connections create together with transport highways and a network of street and pedestrian highways the planning structure of the city.

The solution of space composition in architecture is directly related to the purpose of its works. Various life processes require a certain place in space, so the space composition is built from the inside out.

Multi-storey three sectional residential building. Sectional houses are the most common type of multi-storey residential buildings. They are acceptable in any climatic area, convenient for planning medium-sized apartments of a mass type, create conditions for the application of simple design schemes and maximum unification of their elements. The entrance group of the house is located from the courtyard. The living section is a cell consisting of three apartments located around the stairwell .

The typical floor consists of three sections, with three apartments in the section. Apartments: two three rooms and one two rooms. The areas of the rooms vary from 9.4 m or more. Bathtub with typical solutions, most convenient with such a building scheme. The main requirements and standards for improving improvement were met. Spacious corridors between rooms, comfortable approaches to sleeping areas and common rooms. The loggia are glazed, which favorably affects the facade of the building. Entrance to the basement is located in the buildings under the stairwell

The volumetric solution of the sectional house is expressed in its internal structure, which creates the main rhythmic structure of the facade. The elements of this rhythm are the entrance, stairwell, windows, loggia and the structural solution of the roof. The expressive roof, with dormer windows, tile roof, protruding elements on the facade, all builds the appearance of the facade of the building. Simple form, design solutions acquire more rich features.

Structural solution of a brick house with transverse bearing walls

The structural layout of the foundation is tape (in the form of a continuous tape under all bearing walls). According to the work of the foundation material, tension and chipping made of precast reinforced concrete work under load. The building has a basement. Depth of foundation bottom laying is 2.800. Groundwater level above basement floor waterproofing of basement floor and walls is performed by gluing with two layers of ruberoid on bitumen mastic. The pavement is made of asphalt. Its width is 0.9 m.

Reinforced concrete slabs with round voids of nominal length 2.7; 3,6; 5,1; 6.0 m. With support, on two short sides. 220 mm thick. Layout of slabs onto transverse structural walls. Plate width: 2.1; 1,8; 1,5; 1,2; 1.0 m. Anchors are made of round reinforcement steel with a diameter of 6 mm: for external walls from one rod, for internal walls - composite. Frozen with 100-grade solution in solid flooring. The perception of compressive forces is provided by sealing the slabs in the masonry of the walls at 100mm.

Brickwork from ordinary full-hewn clay brick on c/p mortar. The insulation is used from "URSA" glass staple fiber plates. The use of slab insulators provides better insulation of walls. Building with transverse bearing walls.

Jumpers above the openings are made of railway bars .

Partitions are made of gypsum concrete panels, they provide the required sound insulation. Single, inside apartments and double between them. Thickness 100mm and 220mm.

The staircase is two-march, the height of the standard floor is 2.7 m. The stair platforms of the ribbed structure are located between the floors and at the floor level. The width of the staircase between the floors: 2.92x1.48m. The dimensions of the stage are 270x150mm, the slope of the 1: 1.75 march. The large-element staircase consists of marches and platforms resting on transverse walls. Staircases are embedded in the masonry of the brick wall. Marches P - shaped section, full-body with frieze steps .

The house has a garbage duct.

The roof is gable. The attic is provided to accommodate ventilation boards erected on the flooring of the attic floor. Ventilation shafts are made of brick.

The facade of the building is plastered and painted.

Floors of layered construction - from parquet boards according to lags .

The tile roof is supported by a plank rafter system. Falcon tiles measuring 220x400mm. External drainage is provided. The cone and ribs of the roof are covered by a special grooved tile.