Construction of the building face foundation

Contents

1 SCOPE OF APPLICATION

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORKS EXECUTION

2.1 Scope of Work

2.2 Selection of method of works execution

2.3 Selection of machines and mechanisms for works

2.3.1 Selection of a set of machines for pit development

2.3.2 Organization of excavator operation

2.3.3 Operation schedule of the automotive dump truck

2.3.4 Selection of machines and mechanisms for piles and other mechanisms

2.4 Organization of open water drain operation

2.5 Description of the method of works execution

3 CALCULATION OF LABOR AND MACHINE TIME

4 WORK SCHEDULE

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES REQUIRED

5.1 Required quantity of material, semi-finished products, structure

5.2 Required number of tools, equipment, accessories

5.3 Accepted machines and mechanisms

6 QUALITY CONTROL

7 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

8 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

9 LIST OF SOURCES USED

1 application area

This Job Instruction is intended for pile foundation arrangement. It includes the following works: preparatory, earthen, pile, formwork, reinforcement, concrete.

Characteristics of Job Instruction:

- rectangular pit;

- sizes in axes: A-B of 21 m, B-in 29 m, 1-2 29 m, 2-3 67 m, ditch depth - 1.73 m.

Mechanisms applied:

1 bulldozer DZ18 based on tractor T100;

2 excavator - dragline E801;

3 electrical tamping of IE4505 grade;

4 motor crane KS3571;

5 sucker-rod diesel hammer of S1047 brand;

6 lump unit of SP50 grade on the basis of EO-10011 excavator crane;

7 auto dump trucks of KamAZ5511 brand with a quantity of 6 pieces;

8 pumps of C800/32 brand - 3 pieces .

By the beginning of piling works excavation works shall be completed and accepted. Excavation technology and acceptance shall be performed according to the design and SNiP .

After the piles are submerged, concrete works are performed on the structure of the pile pile. The pedestal is made of concrete in order to redistribute the load from the building structure to individual piles.

Before the start of the work on the construction of the zero cycle, the building is divided into areas, a construction plan is drawn up and coordinated with all interested organizations in the city: energy supply, water utility, city hall, etc. Without the permission of these organizations, excavation is not allowed.

The draft consists of an explanatory note and a graphic part presented in A1 format. For each type of work, their scope was calculated, methods of their production and means of complex mechanization were selected, the procedure for work execution, safety and quality control of work were outlined, and a work schedule was drawn up.

The work is carried out in the summer.

2 organization and technology of works execution

2.1 Scope of Work

2.1.1 Preparatory works

The composition and scope of preparatory work is determined according to the general plan and working drawings and is approximately 5% of the scope of the main work. The main ones are the cleaning and planning of the construction area and the breakdown of the planned structures. In urban conditions, where construction is carried out with an extensive network of roads and underground communications, before the start of earthworks, it is necessary to provide access to the construction and transfer those underground communications located on the construction site itself. In undeveloped urban areas, underground communications must be laid before construction, as well as access roads and roads provided for by the project. If the place is swampy, and earthworks are planned to be carried out before laying sewers, water must be removed from the site. Cleaning of the territory consists of cleaning buildings and structures located at the construction site and subject to demolition and in freeing the site from thickets and stumps, as well as from large stones and boulders. Work on cleaning the territory is carried out with the wide use of construction machines and small mechanization facilities: a bulldozer and tractors with special mounted equipment. The construction site is protected with a permanent or temporary fence of wooden inventory boards. Roads are built temporarily or permanently. Temporary roads are covered with inventory reinforced concrete slabs or dirt profiled roads are arranged, the roadway of which is improved with gravel, an optimal sand-gravel-clay mixture, or black astringent materials. Reinforced concrete slabs are laid on sand preparation by car cranes moving along laid tracks. The timing and sequence of the preparatory work are established during the planning. After calculating the volumes of preparatory and earthworks, the volumes of piling work and the construction of pile pits are determined. To design backfilling processes of foundations with soil, the installation time of structures of the base part of the building is set.

2.5 Description of the method of works execution

2.5.1 Description of excavation technology [1.16]

Before the start of work, the territory is cleaned: trees, shrubs are transplanted, stumps are writhed, stones are removed, buildings are demolished, power lines are transferred, power lines are broken down on the ground and elevations are fixed. Before the excavation of the pit, the main axes of the building are broken down and fixed - bearing at a distance that provides the maneuver of the machines (67m from the projected boundary of the pit). After the excavation of the pit, the axes are detailed and fixed on a continuous cover around the pit, a height mark is transferred to the bottom of the pit and fixed.

The excavation of the soil in the pit is carried out by a single bucket excavator - the reverse shovel EO5015A, with a bucket volume of 0.5m3. The digging scheme is an end face face, during longitudinal movement.

The development of excavations by a single-bucket excavator consists in removing chips from the soil mass and loading it into the vehicle. Slaughter - excavator working area. Excavator penetration - successive movement from one parking lot to another, distance between parking lots - length of movement lp = 1,46m. To preserve the base without violating the natural structure of the soil, a shortage (10-20 cm) is left. Composition of work: 1. Installation of excavator in the face. 2. Soil development with ladle cleaning. 3. Excavator movement during operation. 4. Move the excavator along the pit. 5. Cleaning of soil loading areas.

Preliminary layout of the pit bottom is carried out by bulldozer D259 (in one direction) on the basis of tractor T100. Cutting of excess soil and filling of cavities is performed "on the eye," as a result of which a relatively flat surface is created without specified elevations. Composition of work: 1. Set the unit to operating position. 2. Surface layout with cutting of excess soil and filling of cavities. 3. The pit bottom surface is manually aligned.

Surface layout is performed according to sighting elevations with cutting of irregularities up to 0.06m thick.

Backfilling of the foundation sinuses is carried out by bulldozer D259 on the basis of tractor T100. Composition of work: 1. Set the unit to operating position. 2. Soil development with its movement and unloading. 3. Return of the bulldozer to the slaughter empty.

Soil is rammed by electric ramming of IE4505 grade with round shoe in layers (hoopl = 0.2... 0, 5m), starting from the edges of the rammed area with subsequent approach to its middle. Each subsequent ramming impact should capture part of the already compacted area. Soil is laid in layers with leveling and compaction of each layer. It is laid in horizontal layers. Scope of work: 1. Preparation of electrical ramming for operation. 2. Soil ramming. 3. Maintenance of electrical ramming.

2.5.2 Description of piling procedure [3]

Pile - an element that is immersed in the ground to transfer the load from the structure to the ground. Prior to commencement of works, pile field axes and pile diving places are broken down. When delivering piles, inspection of piles is performed, marking is checked. Transfer and storage is carried out using KS3571 crane. It is recommended to lay out piles in the area of work of the pig plant. Piles can be laid alone in stacks (height of the stack 3-4 rows). It is mandatory to lay wooden gaskets between piles under mounting loops. Pulling of piles by fibre is not permitted. Pile marking along the length is carried out through each meter: 10 test piles.

Pile supply to copra rack by car crane. Composition of work: 1. Pile slinging. 2. Supply of piles by means of crane from stack or device of movement to rack of copra. 3. Piling and disassembly.

Piling by car crane. Scope of work: 1. Slinging and pile supply to or from the stack. 2. Laying of linings or linings from boards. 3. Piling and disassembly.

Turning the piles with a car crane. Scope of work: 1. Pile slinging. 2. Turning the piles. 3. Upset.

Vertical immersion of piles to C860 copras on the basis of the EO4111B excavator. Dip time of one pile is 24 min. Work composition: 1. Move the copra to the pile. 2. Slinging and pulling the pile to the copra. 3. Lift the hammer with the head to the upper position. 4. Installation and alignment of pile position. 5. Install a hammer with a head on the pile. 6. Upset the pile. 7. Hammer start and pile dive. 8. Remove hammer with head from pile.

Cutting of pile heads from concrete with four rods of longitudinal reinforcement. Concrete is cut down at the corners of piles, at the locations of longitudinal reinforcement rods in the area with the length of the outlet to be left. The upper part of the pile, built up and held by the crane, after cutting the reinforcement is broken off by the blow of the sledgehammer .

Reinforcement cutting and crane operation are not taken into account and are regulated separately. Composition of work: 1. Marking of concrete cutting places. 2. Cutting of concrete in pile corners using pneumatic hammer with exposure of longitudinal reinforcement rods. 3. Slinging of the removed part of the pile. 4. Breaking off the head of the pile, after cutting the reinforcement, by hitting the sledgehammer. 5. Grinding of pile end face. 6. Transition from pile to pile. 7. Replacement of pneumatic hammers teeth during operation .

Folding of reinforcing pile bars. Composition of work: 1. Marking of the bending point of rods. 2. Putting the pipe on the rod. 3. Holding the rod with the wrench at the bending point (when the rod is bent above the level of cut down concrete). 4. Deflection of rods .

Head change every 100 piles. It is carried out by a link operating on a copra. Composition of work: 1. Disconnect the headband from the hammer. 2. Lift the hammer and fix it on the arrow of the copra. 3. Slinging and removal of the head piece with the help of the hoop winch. 4. Slinging, lifting and installation of another head. 5. Lowering the hammer. 6. Attaching the head to the hammer

Fabrication of wooden head inserts. Composition of work: 1. Describe a piece of log or board. 2. Embossing of inserts by size.

2.5.3 Description of the technology of formwork, reinforcement and concrete works [2]

Unloading and storage of formwork boards and reinforcement frames is carried out using crane KS3571, Q = 10t. Construction materials (goods) can be either piece or in packages or containers.

Composition of work: 1. Move the crane and set it to operating position 2. Load hooking. 3. Loading or unloading of cargo with lifting or lowering to 4 m and turning of crane boom. 4. Laying of linings under structures and parts. 5. Uncoupling the cargo. 6. Attachment or attachment of the load, if necessary. 7. Signals to the crane driver.

Arrangement of wooden formwork.

Formwork is installed from shields. Before the formwork is installed, the position of the wire axle stretched over the pit is transferred to the ground using a plumb. Position of formwork side shields is arranged in both sides of axle by means of measuring rack. Every 5-6 m along the length of the pit at the ends of the measuring rack, necks are clogged, to which shields are attached and connected with ties fixed by wedge clamps, and temporary spacers are installed. After the boards are installed, fights are installed on them.

Scope of work: 1. Checks for axis and elevation markup. 2. Installation of boards. 3. Installation of formwork mounts. 4. Reconciliation of installed formwork .

Manually install rebar frames. Composition of work: 1. Tray and laying of concrete gaskets with fixing. 2. Install grids and frames in the formwork. 3. Reconciles grids and wireframes to be installed.

Laying of concrete mixture in pile-top. Composition of work: 1. Concrete mix reception. 2. Laying of concrete mixture directly on the place of laying 3. Leveling of concrete mixture with its partial jumping. 4. Compaction of concrete mixture with vibrators. 5. Smoothing of exposed concrete surface. 6. Rearrangement of vibrators.

Disassembling the formwork. Scope of work: 1. Removal of attachment elements with cutting of wire ties and twists. 2. Removal of shields. 3. Lowering of formwork elements. 4. Sorting, cleaning of formwork elements from stuck concrete and pulling out of nails. 5. Relation of formwork elements to storage place and stacking.

The decompression is carried out so as to ensure the safety of the formwork for reuse. The decay is started after the concrete has acquired the necessary 70% strength. First, side elements not carrying loads are removed. Then, after obtaining critical strength of 70%, formwork bearing elements are removed. Formwork is disassembled manually.

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