Construction of a complex of buildings from a monolithic railway in the Yuzhnoye Butovo microdistrict

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Architectural - building section

2.1. Object Functional Assignment

2.2 Architectural and Planning Solution

2.2..2. Description of residential structures

2.2.3. Structural structures

2.2.4. Not Basic Structural

2.2.5 Corrosion protection

2.2.6. Construction of cast-in-situ railway structures and enclosing structures

2.3. Orienting the building

2.4 Thermal design of the outer wall

2.5. Master Plan Description

2.6. Plot Plan TEP

2.7. Design section

2.8. Description of basic parameters of the designed object

3. Design - structural part

3.1. Design diagram of slab

3.2 Calculation of structural inner wall

3.3 Calculation and construction of the jumper above the door opening

3.4 Measures to ensure the durability of structures

3.5 Corrosion protection

3,6. Internal Wall Wind Load Calculation

4. Organization, planning and economy in construction

4.1.1. Initial data on urban planning complex

4.1.2. Consolidated cost estimate for construction

4.1.3. KUSG Work Master Card

4.1.4. Schedule of requirements for basic construction machines

4.1.5. Complex need for temporary buildings and structures

4.1.6. TEP as per anti-icing system

4.1.7. TEP by types of works at the complex facilities

4.1.8. Calculation of water and electricity demand

4.1.9. Object Work Master Data

4.1.10 Construction timeline

4.2. Routing for erection of cast-in-situ railway walls and floors of standard floor

4.3. Calculation of labour intensity of works and operation time of machines

4.4 Local estimate for civil works

4.5. Object estimate

4.6. TEP as per PPM

5. Occupational safety and fire safety during the construction of a complex of buildings made of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete

6 Environmental protection

7 Conclusion

Bibliographic list

2.2. Architectural and planning solution:

The basis of architectural and planning solutions of sections of monolithic residential buildings is a wide pitch of load-bearing vertical structures-frames of 6.07.2 m, providing the possibility of subsequent redevelopment of apartments without violation of load-bearing structures. For this purpose, vertical utilities (ventilation ducts, heating, water supply and sewage risers) are as close as possible to the unchanged load-bearing structures.

The system provides for various types of transformation of apartments: transformation within one apartment; transformation within two apartments, including with their unification; transformation within three apartments.

The structural system of a residential building allows for transformation within the section. At the same time, it is possible to change the ratio of apartment types in the section due to transformation with a pairwise change in the room size of apartments.

Transformation inside apartments is achieved by changing the position of intra-apartment partitions, which allows you to obtain various areas of the main premises such as the kitchen, living room and bedrooms. In addition, it is possible to obtain apartments of various rooms (with the same area), including combining premises (kitchen-dining-living room, living room-hall-office). When combining two or three apartments on the floor, it is possible to obtain multi-room apartments with a number of living rooms from two to seven. With such a merger (in cases where the standard layout is preserved in the apartments of the overlying floors), utility or additional rooms are made in the combined apartments on the places previously occupied by kitchens, for example, for economic purposes (dressing room or void), office and others.

Apartment planning solutions provide kitchens with natural lighting.

Bathrooms in one-room apartments combined, in two-room apartments - separate. The apartments are equipped with mezzanines, pantries, chairs for washes and built-in cabinets.

The made design solutions allow you to create various options for compositional construction of elevations.

The base of the plan gives large vertical divisions of the wall pattern. Lining the "cheeks" of balconies allows you to create continuous pylons that emphasize the large pitch of structural structures.

This theme is used in combination with the "erkerness" effect - the introduction of projecting volumes on the facade plane.

The facades also use the technique of rhythmic repetition of semi-slides that have a non-rectangular plan shape.

Horizontal divisions of the facade by the height of the building are made due to spatial elements - loggia and erkers. Horizontal divisions are introduced at the base of the house and at its completion, as well as at different levels in height .

The lobby area in each section of the house has a two-sided orientation: the entrance lobby is oriented to one side of the house and the exit from the garbage collection chamber is oriented to the other.

The entrance lobby of each section is solved within the main volume of the house in one structural step. To ensure the accessibility of apartments in the house of each section, an increased width of tambours is provided.

The basement and attic are used for wiring utilities.

The inter-apartment walls are made of brick with a thickness of 25 with plaster on both sides, while the total thickness of 18 cm of the inter-apartment walls is equal to the thickness of the load-bearing structures. The walls of the bathrooms are brick 12 cm thick.

Room partitions: 12 cm brick with plaster.

Decoration of apartment premises is accepted taking into account environmental requirements for decoration of premises.

The residential building is provided by heating, ventilation, water supply, sewerage systems, vertical transport, garbage removal system, electrical equipment and electrical lighting, communication and alarm, an automated electrical consumption accounting system, automation of smoke-free systems, and elements of the combined dispatch communication.

Engineering equipment systems are adopted in accordance with the requirements of the current standards, taking into account the latest achievements by order of the Moscow Government No. 99RZP of 31.01.97.

Non-smoking of the main escape routes is provided by the following design solutions:

On all floors in the openings leading from the elevator halls to the stairwell, self-closing doors with sealing in the narrows are installed;

Elevator halls on all floors are separated from common out-of-apartment corridors by self-closing doors with sealing in the narrows;

To ensure normal operation of self-closing devices (finishers), "aprons" are not installed on the doors of elevator halls and staircases, the gap between the door canvas and floor covering is not more than 15 mm;

Entrance doors to apartments and staircase windows are equipped with sealing gaskets;

As the second escape routes in each apartment, from the 6th floor, balconies with a blind spacer 1.2 m wide and a staircase are provided.

The system is designed for a territory with a normal noise background, the sound level of which does not exceed:

in daytime - 65 dBA;

at night - 55 dBA.

To protect against noise of rooms located above the electrical panel, the following is provided:

- additional suspended ceiling.

Noise removal from elevator units is achieved by separation of monolithic elements of shafts and ceilings above them from load-bearing structures of building by elastic gaskets and air gaps.

In terms of energy-saving measures, such as the installation of RTD temperature controllers on heating devices can be provided;

- design of window and door blocks with thermal shielding from PVX1500 with reduced heat transfer resistance in accordance with Ro... 0.550.56 m2 ° C/W.

2.2.2. Description of residential structures:

The building is 6storey, cross-wall monolithic with external self-supporting walls, consists of four sections.

Each section of the typical floor has 2 two-room and 2 one-room apartments. Moreover, each of the apartments has a balcony, which makes it possible to increase the area of ​ ​ the apartment and go outside. On the first floor in the second section there is an electric shield. And also in each of the entrances to the house - a concierge room.

Elevators (one in each section) with a passenger carrying capacity of 400 kg are provided.

The staircase has one entrance, surrounded by monolithic walls on both sides, i.e. it has all the requirements of fire safety.

2.2.3. Structural structures:

The main load-bearing structures are reinforced concrete pylons of the load-bearing walls, the core of stiffness, the enclosing stairwell assembly, continuous floors and the foundation slab. The bearing system can be considered as a connecting frame in which vertical loads are perceived by floors, pylons and a stiffening core, and horizontal ones by a stiffening core and pylons combined into a single system by a covering disk. Slabs are flat, equipped with girders in the plane of frames (pylons) and, if necessary, contour beams, providing the arrangement of external enclosing structures and additional support of slabs .

Balconies, as well as edge sections supporting them, are separated from the main structures by thermal connectors providing the necessary thermophysical characteristics of external enclosing structures.

2.2.4. Not basic structural structures:

Non-basic load-bearing structures are ladder structures and elevator shafts. Stairs are made in prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete: platforms - monolithic reinforced concrete, marches - prefabricated reinforced concrete, carried out at the factory or construction site.

Elevator shafts are monolithic reinforced concrete, cut off from the main load-bearing structures (by laying polystyrene foam plates between the main load-bearing structures and the elevator shaft) or by creating an air layer due to the use of extractable formwork. The floor of the engine room, on which the lifting equipment rests, rests on the structures of the elevator shaft .

2.2.5. External enclosing structures

Masonry made of polystyrene concrete blocks with plaster on the outside and facing with brick on the outside is used as external enclosures.

In the underground part, external fences are made in monolithic reinforced concrete with insulation within the depth of ground freezing by brickwork and insulated by prefabricated polystyrene concrete.

The masonry of the walls of the curtain structure is based on floors, and in the place of the "blind" facade walls - on specially organized consoles with thermal connectors.

Polystyrene concrete is a new material in domestic construction based on granules of polystyrene foam, cement, sealant water and chemical additives, which has high technical, economic and operational characteristics.

Volume mass of polystyrene concrete within the range of 150750 kg/m3; optimum interval of volume mass based on strength and heat engineering parameters - from 250 to 500 kg/m3.

The compression strength of polystyrene concrete is within 0.2 1.5 MPa. Design coefficient of thermal conductivity (for operating conditions B) within the range of 0.06 - 0.16 W/m ° С, which provides energy saving requirements.

Polystyrene concrete belongs to the class of non-combustible and difficult-to-burn materials (the degree of intractability increases with an increase in its bulk mass).

These properties allow you to use solid-white polystyrene concrete blocks as a wall-forming material for non-supporting walls, which simultaneously acts as an insulation.

Polystyrene concrete allows you to form walls with a variety of geometry (plan shape, floor height, opening sizes, protrusions, cornices) from a limited range of initial products, provided that the blocks are reworked at the construction with a manual or mechanized tool.

At the same time, the west can be formed both by excavating (cutting) the material at the building, and by using blocks of smaller thickness in the desired place.

Walls made of polystyrene concrete allow you to arrange hidden wiring in bars arranged on the building before performing internal power supply.

The main solution is a 20 mm thick plaster of cement-sandy or mixed mortar with polymer additives, followed by painting with weatherproof compositions. It is possible to use overhead prefabricated decorative elements made of gypsum, composite materials, brick, etc.

Polysterolbethone is a difficult-to-burn material. When exposed to fire, the material is slowly destroyed due to the melting of the polystyrene foam granules, which does not have time to break down to the extent that it poses a threat to the building. Harmful gases emitted by the melting of the pellets pose a danger. To prevent this, the wall is protected from the outside by a plaster layer with a thickness of at least 20 mm, reinforced with a steel, fine-cell mesh, which prevents the peeling of the plaster layer during fire exposure and the penetration of hot air or flame into the resulting gap. For reliable attachment of metal plaster mesh, grids or anchor made of flexible reinforcement steel are used, which are laid in masonry seams.

Blocks on slopes of window and door openings are plastered with cement sand mortar with thickness not less than 50 mm.

2.2.6. Internal non-structural structures:

Internal enclosing structures are made of frame-lining systems for intra-apartment partitions, of red brick (120 mm) for inter-apartment walls (250 mm) and bathrooms.

Ventilation systems - made of red brick (120 mm), mounted through holes in floors or from gypsum concrete standard blocks.

2.3. Corrosion protection:

Anti-corrosion protection of embedded parts and connections in the junctions of external walls with internal structures of residential buildings is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.031185 "Protection of building structures against corrosion." At the same time, it is possible to replace the tread soil HV784 with zinc filler with less scarce and less labor-intensive materials.

One of these materials for use in the summer, autumn and spring periods is the polyurethane tread soil of the German company Stilpaint.

In all cases, embedded parts, except for this, must be protected by a layer of cement sand on Portland cement of class B 15 (grade 150) with a thickness of at least 20 mm.

2.4. Construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structures and enclosing structures

Concrete is delivered to the construction site from concrete plants by concrete locomotives (mixers) and unloaded into special tanks (bunkers), which by crane deliver concrete to the place of laying in a pre-installed formwork.

Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete flat foundation slab is concreted by formwork method. Cast-in-situ walls and floors are concreted floor by floor using formwork.

Standard depth vibrators are used to seal the concrete mix.

When laying concrete at ambient temperatures from 0.0 to 10.0 ° C, anti-frost additives are used; at a temperature below 10.0 ° С, electrical heating is used using electrodes installed in the formwork before concreting of walls and floors.

Hot-rolled reinforcement of A-I and ASH classes, as well as installation reinforcement of BpI class, are used as reinforcement of walls and floors.

Reinforcement is delivered to the construction site by placer and is mounted by separate rods fixed by knitting wire or welding. The main type of reinforcement joints is overlapping. For connections of 2540 mm diameter reinforcement in beams and foundation slab, the bathroom welding in steel non-removable forms is used. For individual types of structures, such as girders and beams, reinforcement can be used in advance combined into planar or spatial frames on a construction site. Reinforcement lifting to the mounting horizon is carried out by the tower crane.

The transition to the next installation horizon is determined by the work execution project, but not earlier than seven days after laying the concrete of the floor of the previous horizon.

External enclosing structures are built mainly from slabs after concrete reaches the required strength. Polystyrene concrete blocks are delivered to the masonry horizons in containers by a tower crane, hoists or winches installed on hinged forests.

If there are external reinforced concrete walls in the load-bearing system, lined with blocks and facing bricks, floor-by-floor along the entire height of the building, which does not allow the use of external attachment scaffolding for cladding purposes or if their use is inappropriate, curtain forests are used.

Internal enclosing structures are erected after concreting of floors, and therefore they are made of small and medium-sized elements in a "manual" way.

Ventilation blocks, stairs and elevator shaft fencing are mounted using a tower crane through holes in the floor, allowing them to pass through several floors.