Centralised hotel with 114 seats

Contents

General characteristic

1. Natural and climatic conditions

2. Spatial Solution

3. Functional purpose

4. Architectural Solutions

5. Description of the structural solution

6. Technical and economic indicators

7. Engineering equipment

8. Finishing

List of literature

General characteristic.

Hotels are a specialized type of dwelling designed for short-term accommodation. Short-term residence has determined the need for significant development in such buildings of catering, consumer and cultural services for guests. This explains the large volume of public premises in such buildings, which is why hotels in the general classification occupy an intermediate position between residential and public buildings.

SNiP established a single urban planning standard for hotel provision, which needs to be clarified and differentiated due to the fact that the real need for a hotel fund is different. It is especially large in the largest cities, industrial centers, resort tourist areas and significantly exceeds the normative criterion.

The relevance of the expansion of hotel construction is due to the continuous increase in hotel requirements, associated with a number of features of social development. These include: growing needs for managing the national economy, the development of interdepartmental and intra-departmental relations of material and economic supply; Increasing the mobility of the population due to the increase in its cultural level and material security; The need for an accelerated and broad exchange of scientific information and best practices through the organization of meetings, conferences, congresses of specialists and advanced workers of various industries; the development of international relations and international tourism.

Hotel buildings are diverse. They are classified by capacity, purpose and level of comfort.

The capacity of hotels is considered small with the number of seats up to 100, the average - 500 seats or large - over 500 seats. An increase in the capacity of the hotel leads to an increase in its comfort (due to the development of hotel services and technical equipment) and a decrease in the cost of one seat (due to a decrease in specific operating costs). However, the possibilities of increasing capacity are not limitless. Most often, it is limited to 2,000 seats, since a further increase in capacity makes the hotel system too cumbersome. Therefore, if it is necessary to build hotels with a capacity of more than 2000 seats, hotel complexes consisting of several buildings are more often built.

The capacity is directly related to the storey of hotel buildings, which is extremely diverse: from one to 50 floors or more. The classification of hotel buildings on the basis of storeys coincides with the classification of residential buildings: low-rise 1-2 floors, average storeys - 35, elevated - 6-9, multi-storeys - 10-40 and high-rise - more than 40 floors.

Purpose - the main typological characteristic when classifying hotel buildings. Differentiation by purpose contributes to the improvement of the hotel services system. SNiP provides for five types of hotels for their intended purpose - general type (most common), tourist, resort, motels and campsites. In the design practice, there is an even greater typological diversity: in addition to these, hotels are being built for especially short-term accommodation (transit passengers) near large railway junctions, airports of sea and river stations; in the zones of the largest enterprises and scientific centers - hotels for business people (business hotels); hotels for athletes, etc.

The comfort level of the hotel is most often associated with its purpose and determined by the characteristics of the discharge. SNiP provides for the following five categories - higher (B), I, II, III and IV. If general hotels and tourist hotels design different categories, then resort hotels - not lower than III, motels - I - III, and campsites - IV.

The discharge of the hotel affects the decision of its residential and public part. The higher the category, the larger the size of residential rooms, their sanitary and engineering equipment, more two- and three-room rooms (apartments), less one-room two- and three-room rooms. The impact of the category on the decision of the public part of the hotel affects the size and nature of groups of public premises, for example, the number of seats in catering rooms in general type B, I and II hotels is 1.2 and 1.5 times more than the number of seats in the hotel, and in hotels III and IV - 2 times less.

Hotels for athletes, intended for a certain contingent of people, are located in areas of sports complexes or in those places that, according to their natural conditions, correspond to the development of a particular sport.

Hotels for athletes can have an average level of comfort, rooms with a capacity of up to four people. At the hotel it is necessary to provide training gyms (for warm-up), rooms for storage of sports equipment and rooms for cultural events (dance halls, room for games, etc.).

1. Natural and climatic conditions.

Components such as natural and artificial environments, such as solar radiation, color, air (its temperature, humidity, speed and direction of movement), precipitation and sound often play a decisive role in the formation of architectural and compositional or structural solutions. The most rational solutions are achieved with a comprehensive consideration of the physical parameters of the environment (lighting, heat engineering and acoustic) at the very beginning of architectural design.

In the modern era of mass industrial construction and the total saving of irreparable energy resources, architecture is closely connected with the natural-climatic basis and social conditions of people's lives. Compositional techniques and density of development, orientation of buildings on the sides of the horizon, size and filling of light poles, plastic facades, as well as thermal efficiency and sound insulation of fences are factors on which the comfort and expressiveness of the building, their loss of heat and cold and the cost of their energy operation largely depend. The solution to this problem is possible only through the dialectical synthesis of art, technology and science, which have forever been interconnected and mutually enriched categories of architecture.

City of construction: Kaliningrad

Freezing depth: 0.75 m.

tn. x. item = 19 °C.

to.p = +1.1 °C.

Zo.p = 193 days.

Climate zone: II B

Light belt: II

2. Space solution.

The main volume of hotel construction is medium and large hotels. Their peculiarity is the presence of a developed group of premises of the public part, in connection with which the functional connections of premises of various purposes are quite complex. To make it advisable to organize functional connections of related premises, they are combined into enlarged groups - residential, lobby, catering, cultural mass, sports and recreation, administrative, economic and technical (boiler, ventilation chambers, etc.). In buildings of medium and large capacity, several entrances to the building are provided during the construction of the functional scheme - the main one, to catering enterprises, for service personnel and a sports and recreation group, etc.

The space diagram of the building is centralized.

The public part of the hotel. Located on the ground floor of the building. The public part includes: hotel management premises, a concert hall, a restaurant with 100 seats, which can serve as a banquet hall.

There are also utility rooms of the kitchen, doormen's rooms, and security.

3. Functional assignment.

The modern hotel is a complex organism consisting of several different functional groups of rooms, with specific technological connections of its individual parts to each other.

The main functional groups of the premises of a developed hotel building are reception and maintenance rooms, the so-called lobby group; premises of the residential group; a group of catering facilities; Administration Premises Unit; a group of office utility and utility rooms; and the Engineering Facilities Unit.

The Reception and Support Room Group serves as a link for all major hotel space groups and provides a first view of the hotel. The main functions of the lobby group are: reception, registration and accommodation of visitors, settlements with them, issuance of various hotel certificates, storage and transportation of luggage, etc.

In the lobby, clear zoning is observed, minimizing the crossings of the flows of residents, departing and visiting guests, staff. In the lobby there is a reception area, a transit area to elevators and stairs, a rest area located on a certain elevation. In addition to the lobby, the reception and lobby group includes a communications department, a telephone conversation point, a storage room, and administrator's rooms and a porter.

The placement of these premises of this group around its main lobby link provides for the possibility of quick orientation of arrivals, visual control over visitors.

Of great importance is the choice of the place of installation of elevators. The location of the elevators provides the shortest way to get into the numbers; elevators are positioned in the lobby so that they can be easily found. They are located next to the main staircase. Elevators are loaded directly from the lobby.

The premises of the residential group are the main ones in hotels. In the total volume of buildings of hotels, recreation and tourism institutions, they account for more than 50% of the volume. The sleeping group consists of bedrooms, utility rooms. The premises of the economic services include rooms, the floor manager, maids and cleaners, inventory, pantries.

The rooms provide sanitary units with a front tambour. Bathroom equipment: bath, washbasin, toilet, towel dryer. The room has a layout convenient for sleep, rest and activities.

Serious attention should be paid to the creation of optimal conditions for natural lighting and ventilation of bedrooms, which serves as one of the most important conditions for ensuring an adequate microclimate in them.

When you select the orientation of the bedrooms, you select their orientation towards the most attractive landscape. In practice, this does not always coincide with the optimal conditions for their insolation, and the task of the architect is to find the best solution to overcome these contradictions.

Power Room Group. The restaurant is located on the ground floor. The dining room in the dining rooms is designed with a capacity of 102 seats, since with a larger capacity a discomfort is created (noise, large movement of visitors) and the dining room provides dietary meals for athletes.

The composition and area of the kitchen and utility rooms are determined according to the design standards of the group of food rooms in the chapters of the SNiP "Hotels," "Recreation Institutions," "Sanatoriums," as well as "Catering Enterprises."

In the food group, the main cooking rooms are on the same floor as the dining room.

The entire catering staff has a separate entrance to the hotel with its lobby, bathrooms, leisure rooms and administrative facilities.

The Administration Premises Unit is located on the ground floor of the building. The administration premises have a convenient connection with the lobby unit of the hotel.

The group of administrative premises includes the offices of the director and his deputies, the manager of affairs; HR, Planning, Accounting, Archive rooms.

A group of sports and recreational facilities basketball court and pool..

Engineering equipment.

The comfort of the hotel is ensured by the operation of numerous systems of engineering equipment: heating, ventilation, hot and cold water supply, lighting, garbage removal, air conditioning, various types of power supply (telephone, radio broadcasting, television), security and fire alarm, various automatic control systems of the hotel. Also, the engineering equipment of the hotel is sanitary equipment of rooms. Combined sanitary units equipped with shower or bath, washbasin, toilet and towel dryer are used. With washbasins there is a mirror, a shelf for toiletries, a socket for electrical appliances.

In the sports and recreation block, in the locker rooms there are showers. In each locker room there are three showers, sanitary units are also provided.

4. Finishing.

In various functional groups, a variety of finishes are provided for all surfaces, which is the most optimal and comfortable for operation and cleaning.

In the main unit (block A), ceramic granite tiles are used to finish the floor. For wall decoration, art plaster painted with water-based paint was used. A suspension system is used for the ceiling. Floor covering in the recreation area and administrative premises - parquet board.

Floor covering in transitions from the main unit to the catering unit and the sports and recreation unit - porcelain tiles. The walls are decorated with art plaster painted with water-based paint. A suspension system is used for the ceiling.

In the catering unit, in the dining room, ceramic granite tiles are used as flooring. Wall decoration - art plaster. In the kitchen, floor covering - ceramic granite tiles, the walls are finished with heat-resistant ceramic tiles. A suspension system is used for the ceiling.

In the sports and recreation block, the floor cover is ceramic tiles, the wall cover is ceramic tiles. To give the water a pleasant color, the bath is lined with blue ceramic tiles.

In the main block, on the residential floor, floor covering in common corridors is a parquet board, wall covering is wallpaper for painting, a suspension system is used for the ceiling. In residential rooms, floor covering - carpet, wall covering - wallpaper for painting, a suspension system is used for the ceiling.

The external walls of the building are plastered and painted.

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