Brake lining cutting machine

Contents

Introduction

1 Technical and economic analysis of the enterprise activity

1.1 General characteristics of the farm

1.2 Natural and climatic conditions

1.3 Analysis of production activity dynamics

1.4 Analysis of CMM operation

1.5 Conclusions and Suggestions

2 Organization of maintenance and repair of cars in the Central Control Center of the branch of the Sosnovsky OGUP "Poultry Farm" Sverdlovskaya "

2.1 Design Input

2.2 Calculation of the number of repairs and maintenance for each group of machines

2.2.1 Calculation of the scope of work for cars

2.2.2 Calculation of the scope of work for tractors

2.2.3 Calculation of the scope of works for combines

2.2.4 Calculation of the scope of work for agricultural machines

2.3 Calculation of production areas

2.3.1 Distribution of labour intensity by areas and types of works

2.3.2 Determination of the number of workers

2.3.3 Calculation and selection of equipment

2.3.4 Calculation of production areas

3 Repair technology of brake pads

3.1 Purpose of braking system

3.2 Types of truck braking systems

3.3 Repair technology of brake pads on the designed bench

4 Design part

4.1 Analysis of existing structures

4.2 Design of drive station

4.2.1 Determination of shear force

4.2.2 Electric motor selection

4.2.3 Selection of worm gear box

4.2.4 Gearing Calculation

4.2.5 Coupling Selection

4.2.6 Calculation of key connection

4.2.7 Calculation of spring

5 Life Safety

5.1 Occupational Safety

5.1.1 Analysis of labor protection in the department of Sosnovsky OGUP "Poultry Farm" Sverdlovsk "

5.1.2 Organization of work on labor protection in the Sosnovsky department

5.1.3 Safety precautions during operation in CMM

5.1.4 Safety precautions when working on a friction lining cutting bench

5.1.5 Fire fighting measures

5.1.6 Calculation of lighting and ventilation of the production room

5.2 Safety of life in emergency situations

5.3 Organization of works in case of chemical contamination

6 Environmental protection

6.1 Environmental protection in modern conditions of national economy development

6.2 Analysis of environmental activities of the branch of Sosnovsky OGUP "Poultry Farm" Sverdlovskaya "

6.3 Environmental expertise of the implemented development

7 Cost-effectiveness of the project

7.1 Determining the Cost of Production

7.2 Measuring Productivity Gains

7.3 Definition of Labour Input Reduction

7.4 Determination of capital investments

7.5 Determining Economic Impact

7.6 Determination of stand payback

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix A is Calculation by means of computer programs

Introduction

The main tasks of the agro-industrial complex are to achieve sustainable growth of agricultural production, reliable provision of food and agricultural raw materials to the country, uniting all sectors of the complex for high final results.

In order to strengthen the implementation of the food programme, it is necessary to ensure a significant strengthening of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex, improvement of economic ties between industries, their organized and clear interaction in increasing agricultural production, improving its safety, transportation, processing and delivery to the consumer.

Summing up the economic and social development of the country, we can say that agrarian policies are constantly being implemented, and a food program is being consistently implemented. Large amounts of money are allocated to strengthen the material and technical base. Production and procurement of basic agricultural products has increased. The annual volume of gross agricultural output is increasing every year.

To ensure high-performance work in agriculture, the tasks are set, to switch to the production of new high-quality, productive and economical machines and equipment.

It is necessary to complete the industrialization of agriculture, achieve a significant increase in crop yields and livestock productivity, ensure the sustainability of agricultural production, and reduce its dependence on adverse natural and climatic conditions. To fulfill all these tasks, it is necessary to fully equip the farms with the necessary number of economically profitable, high-performance, high-quality machines and equipment. Purposefully carry out technical re-equipment of agricultural production. Improve the equipment of the industry with complexes of economical high-performance machines, special transport and loading and unloading facilities.

Significantly improve the storage, maintenance and use of the machine and tractor fleet, strengthen the repair base of farms. Improve the reliability of electricity supply to agricultural consumers.

One of the directions of improving the work of subsidiary farms is measures to increase the life of agricultural machines, reduce the labor intensity of repairs and economic costs.

This diploma project is aimed at solving this particular problem.

The purpose of the diploma project is to develop a stand for removing friction linings from the brake pads of trucks. This topic, in my opinion, is relevant, since replacing these overlays manually takes a long time. Replacing pads with new ones is not economically profitable, and existing stands are very expensive for small enterprises.

1 Technical and economic analysis of the enterprise activity

1.2 General characteristics of the farm

Until recently, the Sosnovsky branch of OGUP Poultry Farm Sverdlovskaya was an independent legal enterprise of OGUP Sovkhoz Sosnovsky, which, due to prevailing economic factors, could not function normally in the future. And on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region dated 09.04.2004 No. 249PP was annexed to the Sverdlovsk poultry farm.

At the time of accession, the average number of employees of the department totaled 324 people, including 293 workers in agricultural production, the average monthly salary per worker was 2880 rubles.

The subject of the poultry farm is the production and incubation of eggs, the cultivation of broilers and slaughter with deep processing, the sale of meat products and eggs; intermediation services in the purchase and sale of production and technical products; foreign trade. On the territory of the poultry farm there are 10 poultry houses for growing chickens in cages, a feed shop and a feed shop, a slaughter shop, a boiler room, a finished goods warehouse, refrigerators, a laboratory, a windfill, as well as a dairy farm for 500 heads of cattle, a milk packing shop, a machine and tractor park with workshops, a water and water treatment center, health care, firefighting facilities.

The central estate is the village of Sosnovskoye, remote from the regional center of KamenskUralsky at a distance of 54 km, from the regional center of Yekaterinburg - 105 km, from the Perebor railway station - 33 km.

The roads connecting the village with the district and regional centers are well paved, which provides good access roads at any time of the year.

On the territory of the farm there is a lake, wetlands are found.

1.5 Conclusions and Suggestions

In connection with a fairly favorable location, the Sosnovsky branch of the OGUP "Poultry Farm Sverdlovskaya" has a good market for the main products produced. The company has agreements with a network of stores in which products are constantly delivered.

Thanks to rational management, production is being modernized, namely: work is underway to replace manual labor with mechanized labor, new product processing lines are launched, equipment is being updated.

In recent years, a regular boiler house for heating poultry buildings and a dairy farm has been replaced with gas boilers that are installed indoors. The advantages of these boilers are that, being inside the hull, they increased the efficiency of the boiler house several times without burning oxygen.

The turnover of personnel, characteristic of many farms, is not observed here. Thanks to proper pay and bonuses, the number of employees even increases by several people per year. And since the enterprise is being expanded, new jobs are also emerging.

The main and powerful lever of the economic recovery of the economy is the introduction of new scientifically sound technologies in the field of poultry farming.

The main commodity products of the poultry farm are egg and poultry meat, so the financial situation of the enterprise largely depends on the efficiency of poultry farming.

To achieve the best results in the enterprise, it is recommended to pay more attention to cattle growing and processing technologies. Make better use of agricultural inputs, science and best practices.

However, with all the positive aspects in the activities of the poultry farm, it is worth noting a number of negative aspects and existing shortcomings in the activities of the ICC.

The arrival of new equipment on the balance sheet of the enterprise over the past two years has slightly improved the overall picture, but still the physical and moral wear of machines and equipment complicate the enterprise's activities.

In this regard, the purpose of this diploma project is to eliminate the main shortcomings in the work of the ICC.

The following tasks are considered:

- replacement of repair equipment;

- mechanization of labour-intensive processes;

- Determination of economic efficiency.

3.2 Types of truck braking systems

The truck is equipped with working and parking braking systems.

The service braking system serves to reduce the speed of the car up to its complete stop, regardless of its speed, load and slope of the road.

The parking braking system serves to hold a fixed car on a horizontal section or slope of the road. It shall ensure that the truck is stationary on a relatively flat surface with a slight slope.

Each braking system consists of braking mechanisms that provide braking of wheels or shafts of transmissions, and a brake drive that drives the braking mechanism. The brake mechanism may be wheel, transmission, drum and disc.

Drum braking mechanism consists of:

1. Push-pull fist.

2. Brake drum.

3. Spring.

4. Brake pad.

5. Friction lining.

Possible failures of drum brakes due to breakage of brake pads:

- jamming of brakes;

- insufficient braking performance;

- car vibration during braking;

- brake crimping;

- brake knock.

To resolve the above problems, replacement of brake pad friction linings is required. [6]

Environmental protection

Natural wealth is a national treasure, forms the natural basis for the development of the national economy, is material and cultural property; they improve the working and rest conditions of workers. Therefore, the protection of nature, the protection of land and the improvement of its fertility are of great national economic importance.

6.1 Environmental protection in modern conditions of national economy development

Environmental protection in the Russian Federation is enshrined in the Constitution. The Constitution provides that in the interests of the present and future population in the Russian Federation, the necessary measures are taken to protect and scientifically sound rational use of land and subsoil, aquatic resources, plant and animal life, for the preservation of clean air and water, Ensuring the reproduction of natural resources and the improvement of the human environment while ensuring that the requirement is met, that... "every citizen of the Russian Federation is obliged to protect nature and protect its wealth." Laws on rational use of land, water, atmosphere, wildlife and other natural resources have been adopted. [14]

10.01.02 Federal Law No. 7FZ "On Environmental Protection" was adopted.

Article 16 of the above-mentioned law. Environmental Impact Charges

1 The negative impact on the environment is paid. The form of payment for the negative impact on the environment is determined by the Federal Law.

2 Types of negative impact on the environment include:

- air emissions of pollutants or other pollutants;

Discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into surface water bodies and into catchment areas;

- contamination of subsoil and soil;

- Disposal of production and consumption wastes;

- pollution of the environment by heat, noise, electromagnetic, ionizing and other types of physical effects;

- Other types of negative impact on the environment.

3 The procedure for calculating and charging fees for negative environmental impact is established by the law of the Russian Federation.

4 The payment specified in paragraph 1 of this article does not exempt economic or other entities from the implementation of environmental protection measures and compensation for damage to the environment.

Article 45 of the Environmental Protection Act. Requirements in the field of environmental protection in the production and operation of automobile and other vehicles.

1 The production of motor vehicles and other vehicles shall be carried out in accordance with environmental requirements.

2 Legal entities and natural persons operating motor vehicles and other vehicles that have a negative impact on the environment shall comply with the standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as take measures to neutralize pollutants, including their neutralization, reduce noise and other negative impact on the environment.

3 Relations in the field of production and operation of motor vehicles and other vehicles are regulated by law.

Article 119 of the Environmental Protection Act refers to environmental requirements in agriculture. All enterprises and organizations, citizens engaged in agriculture, are obliged to comply with measures to protect soils, reservoirs, forests, wildlife from the harmful effects of natural forces, side effects of the use of technology, chemicals, land reclamation and other factors that worsen the state of the natural environment that harm human health.

Violation of environmental protection rules is punishable by law in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which identifies chapter 26 (articles 246 to 262) of environmental crimes. [15],[16]

Article 246 of the Criminal Code. "Violation of environmental protection rules during work ."

Violation of environmental protection rules during design, placement, construction, commissioning and operation of industrial, agricultural, scientific and other facilities by persons responsible for compliance with these rules, if this entailed a significant change in the radioactive background, causing harm to human health, mass death of animals or serious consequences, - shall be punished by a fine of up to one hundred twenty thousand rubles or in the amount of salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to one year; or compulsory work for a period of one hundred and twenty to two hundred and forty hours, or correctional labour for a period of one to two years, or imprisonment for up to five years with or without deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities for up to three years.

Article 247 "Violation of the rules for the management of environmentally hazardous substances and wastes."

1 Production of prohibited types of hazardous wastes, transportation, storage, disposal, use or other management of radioactive, bacteriological, chemical and wastes in violation of established rules, if these acts created a threat of causing significant harm to human health or the environment, - shall be punished with a fine of up to 200 thousand rubles or in the amount of salary or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 18 months, or restriction of liberty for up to 3 years or imprisonment for up to 2 years.

2 The same acts resulting in pollution, poisoning or contamination of the environment, causing harm to human health or mass death of animals, as well as committed in the ecological disaster zone or in the environmental emergency zone, shall be punished with a fine of 100 thousand. rubles up to 300 thousand rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of 1 to 2 years or imprisonment up to 5 years.

Article 251 of the Criminal Code "Air pollution."

1 Violation of the rules for the release of pollutants into the atmosphere or violation of the operation of installations, structures and other facilities, if these acts entailed pollution or other changes in the natural properties of the air, is punishable by a fine of up to eighty thousand rubles.

For violation of environmental legislation, property, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established in accordance with the law.

The Administrative Code contains chapter 8 (articles 8.1 to 8.40) administrative offences in the field of environmental protection and management, as well as chapter 9 (articles 9.1 to 9.14) administrative offences in industry, construction and energy. [17 ]

Article 8.1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. Non-compliance with environmental requirements when planning a feasibility study of a project, design, placement, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and enterprise of structures or other facilities. Non-compliance with environmental requirements in the planning, feasibility study of the project, design of placement, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and planning, feasibility study of the project, design, placement, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of the enterprise of structures or other facilities - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 3 to 5 minimum wages; for officials - about 5 to 10 minimum wages; for legal entities - about 500 to 1000 minimum wages.

Article 8.14 "Violation of the rules of water use."

1 Violation of the rules of water use during water intake, without removal of water and when discharging wastewater into water bodies - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of five to ten minimum wages; for officials - from fifteen to twenty minimum wages; for legal entities - from one hundred to two hundred minimum wages.

2 Violation of the conditions of permission (license) for water use in the extraction of minerals, peat, sapropel on water bodies, as well as in the construction and operation of underwater and surface structures, during fishing, navigation, laying and operation of oil pipelines and other product pipelines, dredging, blasting and other works or during the construction or operation of dams, port and other structures - imposes an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of fifteen to twenty minimum wages; for officials - from thirty to forty minimum wages; for legal entities - from three hundred to four hundred minimum wages.

Article 9.3 "Violation of rules or norms for the operation of tractors, self-propelled, road-building and other machines and equipment."

Violation of safety of life and health of people, preservation of property, environmental protection of rules or norms of operation of tractors, self-propelled, road-building and other machines, trailers to them, equipment, supervision of the technical condition of which is carried out by bodies carrying out state supervision over the technical condition of self-propelled machines and other types of equipment, - imposes an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one to three times the minimum wage or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of three to six months; for officials - from five to ten minimum wages